Chromosome elimination by wide hybridization between Triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Ishii ◽  
Toshie Ueda ◽  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Wide Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Dynamics ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
Embryo Cells

scholarly journals Uniparental Chromosome Elimination at Mitosis and Interphase in Wheat and Pearl Millet Crosses Involves Micronucleus Formation, Progressive Heterochromatinization, and DNA Fragmentation

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2431-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gernand ◽  
Twan Rutten ◽  
Alok Varshney ◽  
Myroslava Rubtsova ◽  
Slaven Prodanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Micronucleus Formation

The frequency of fertilization in wheat × pearl millet crosses

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Wheat Genotype

Wheat × pearl millet crosses were studied to determine whether fertilization occurred and whether any resulting hybrids were karyotypically stable. Crosses between the hexaploid wheat genotype 'Chinese Spring' (kr1, kr2) and the pearl millet genotype 'Tift 23BE' gave fertilization in 28.6% of the 220 florets pollinated. Chromosome counts from zygotes at metaphase confirmed the hybrid origin of the embryos. Three had the expected F1 combination of 21 wheat and 7 pearl millet chromosomes and a fourth had 21 wheat and 14 pearl millet chromosomes. The expected F1 chromosome complement was also found in a primary endosperm mitosis. The hybrid embryos were karyotypically unstable and probably lost all the pearl millet chromosomes in the first four cell division cycles. Similar results were obtained using two other wheat genotypes. Crosses between the hexaploid wheat genotype 'Highbury', which differs from 'Chinese Spring' in having alleles for reduced crossability with rye and Hordeum bulbosum at the Kr1 and Kr2 loci, and 'Tift 23BE' gave fertilization in 32% of analyzed florets. This was not significantly different from the frequency found in 'Chinese Spring', indicating that 'Tift 23BE' was insensitive to the action of the Kr genes. Crosses between the tetraploid wheat genotype 'Kubanka' and 'Tift 23BE' gave fertilization in 48% of florets. The potential of pearl millet for wheat haploid production is discussed.Key words: wheat, pearl millet, wide hybridization, chromosome elimination.

Wide hybridization between oat and pearl millet belonging to different subfamilies of Poaceae

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Ishii ◽  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Amin Elsadig Eltayeb ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Wide Hybridization

Confocal analysis of chromosome behavior in wheat × maize zygotes

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Mochida ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto ◽  
Tetsuo Sasakuma
Keyword(s):  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Chromosome Movement ◽  
Hybridization Method ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
Spindle Microtubules ◽  
Spindle Structure

Herein, we profile the first embryonic mitosis in a hybrid of wheat and maize by using a whole-mount genomic in situ hybridization method and immunofluorescence staining with a tubulin-specific antibody. We have successfully captured the dynamics of each set of parental chromosomes in the first zygotic division of the hybrid embryo 24-28 h after crossing. During the first zygotic metaphase, although both sets of parental chromosomes congressed into the equatorial plate of the zygote, the maize chromosomes tended to lag in comparison with the wheat chromosomes. During anaphase, each parental chromosome separated into its sister chromosomes; however, some of the maize chromosomes lagged around the metaphase plate as segregants. The maize sister chromosomes that did move toward the pole showed delayed and asymmetric movement as compared with the wheat ones. Immunological staining of tubulin revealed a bipolar spindle structure in the first zygotic metaphase. The kinetochores of the maize chromosomes that lagged around the metaphase plate did not attach to the spindle microtubules. These results suggest that factors on the kinetochores of maize chromosomes that are required to control chromosome movement are deficient in the zygotic cell cycle.Key words: whole-mount, GISH, chromosome elimination, hybrid embryogenesis.

Morphological Examination of a Herpes-type Virus Indigenous for Tree Shrews

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. P. Brunschwig ◽  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
R. Mirkovic ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Embryo Cells

A new virus, established as a member of the herpesvirus group by electron microscopy, was isolated from spontaneously degenerating cell cultures derived from the kidneys and lungs of two normal tree shrews. The virus was found to replicate best in cells derived from the homologous species. The cells used were a tree shrew cell line, T-23, which was derived from a spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. The virus did not multiply or did so poorly for a limited number of passages in human, monkey, rodent, rabbit or chick embryo cells. In the T-23 cells, the virus behaved as members of the subgroup B of herpesvirus, in that the virus remained primarily cell associated.

Spontaneous Production of Type C Virus Particles in a Culture Derived from Rat Embryo Cells

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Priori ◽  
T. Shigematsu ◽  
B. Myers ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Embryo Cell ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Mouse Embryo Cell ◽  
Mature Virus Particle ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Type C

Spontaneous release of type C virus particles in long-term cultures of mouse embryo cells as well as induction of similar particles in mouse embryo cell cultures with IUDR or BUDR have been reported. The presence of type C virus particles in cultures of normal rat embryos has not been reported.NB-1, a culture derived from embryos of a New Zealand Black (NB) rat (rats obtained from Mr. Samuel M. Poiley, N.C.I., Bethesda, Md.) and grown in McCoy's 5A medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum was passaged weekly. Extracellular virus particles similar to murine leukemia particles appeared in the 22nd subculture. General appearance of cells in passage 23 is shown in Fig. 1. Two budding figures and one immature type C virus particle may be seen in Fig. 2. The virus particles and budding were present in all further passages examined (currently passage 39). Various stages of budding are shown in Figs. 3a,b,c,d. Appearance of a mature virus particle is shown in Fig. 4.

Application of Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope in experimental tumor studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
Gao Fengming
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Experimental Tumor ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Tumor Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Transmission electron microscope(TEM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were widely used in experimental tumor studies. They are useful for evaluation of cellular transformation in vitro, classification of histological types of tumors and treating effect of tumors. We have obtained some results as follows:1. Studies on the malignant transformation of mammalian cells in vitro. Syrian golden hamster embryo cells(SGHEC) were transformed in vitro by ThO2 and/or ore dust. In a few days after dust added into medium, some dust crystals were phagocytized. Two weeks later, malignant transformation took place. These cells were of different size, nuclear pleomorphism, numerous ribosomes, increasing of microvilli on cell surface with various length and thickness, and blebs and ruffles(Figs. 1,2). Myelomonocytic leukemic transformation of mouse embryo cells(MEC) was induced in vitro by 3H-TdR. Transformed cells were become round from fusiform. The number of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was reduced, ribosomes and nucleoli increased, shape of nuclei irregular, microvilli increased, and blebs and ruffles appeared(Fig. 3).

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