Negative Cognitive Style and Past History of Major Depressive Episodes in University Students

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Z. Abela ◽  
Darren Stolow ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
Chad M. McWhinnie
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Past History ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Negative Cognitive Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Core Beliefs and History of Major Depressive Episodes in Currently Non-depressed University Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Z. Abela ◽  
Randy P. Auerbach ◽  
Sabina Sarin ◽  
Zia Lakdawalla
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

scholarly journals Major depressive episode among university students in Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betina Daniele Flesch ◽  
Gbènankpon Mathias Houvèssou ◽  
Tiago Neuenfeld Munhoz ◽  
Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

INTRODUCTION: Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world, and it has been increasingly affecting young people. This study evaluates the prevalence and factors associated with major depression in university students, with emphasis on the influence of the academic field, chosen study area and the environment they are inserted. METHODS: A census of students who entered the university in the first semester of 2017 was held at a university in Southern Brazil. The outcome of major depressive episode was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, considered when the individual had five or more depressive symptoms for at least one week. Its prevalence was estimated, and the associated factors were examined by the hierarchical multivariable analysis using the Poisson regression model. RESULTS: A total of 32% (95% confidence interval 29.9–34.2) of university students presented a major depressive episode, and the problem was more frequent among women (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.59); people aged 21 to 23 years (PR = 1.24); those with a family history of depression (PR = 1.27); minorities’ sexual orientation (homosexuals, PR = 1.64, and bisexuals, PR = 1.69); who lived with friends or colleagues (PR = 1.36); students in the area of applied social and human sciences (PR = 1.28), and linguistics, language and literature, and art (PR = 1.25). The worst academic performance (PR = 2.61), alcohol abuse (PR = 1.25), and illicit drug use (PR = 1.30) were also positively associated with major depressive episode. CONCLUSION: In addition to individual, family, and behavioral aspects, already described as risk factors for major depressive episodes in the general population, academic aspects also influence the occurrence of depression among university students. Considering the high prevalence of major depressive episode and its negative impact on health, public and institutional policies are necessary to focus on students’ mental health promotion and care.

Who Becomes a Depressive Ruminator? Developmental Antecedents of Ruminative Response Style

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Spasojević ◽  
Lauren B. Alloy
Keyword(s):  
College Freshmen ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developmental Antecedents ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Developmental antecedents of ruminative response style were examined in 137 college freshmen, who were followed prospectively for 2.5 years. Reports of mothers’ and fathers’ psychologically overcontrolling parenting as well as a history of childhood sexual (for women only) and emotional maltreatment were all related to ruminative response style. In addition, ruminative response style mediated the relationships between these developmental factors and the number of major depressive episodes experienced by participants during the follow-up period. Potential explanations and important implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and concurrent validity of the Japanese version of the Euthymia scale: a clinimetric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsu Sasaki ◽  
Danilo Carrozzino ◽  
Daisuke Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Past History ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Well Being ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract Background Euthymia is characterized by the lack of mood disorders, the presence of positive affects, psychological flexibility and well-being, a unifying outlook on life, and resistance to stress. The Euthymia Scale (ES) is a 10-item self-rating clinimetric index assessing euthymia. Objectives The present study was conducted to examine the clinimetric sensitivity and concurrent validity of the Japanese version of the Euthymia Scale (ES-J). Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to determine the presence of past or current major depressive episodes (MDE). The clinimetric sensitivity was evaluated using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed to examine the concurrent validity of the ES-J. Results A total of 1030 eligible participants completed the survey. The ES-J differentiated healthy subjects from complete remission (i.e., those with a past history of MDE without current MDE) (p < 0.001), from those with past or current history of MDE (p < 0.001), subjects with current MDE from those with sub-threshold symptoms of depression (p < 0.001), and healthy participants from subjects with moderate to severe symptoms of psychological distress (p < 0.001). The associations between the ES-J and measures of psychological well-being, resilience, life satisfaction, and social support were significantly positive (0.353 < r < 0.666, p < 0.001). A negative relationship between the ES-J and measures of psychological distress was also found (r = − 0.595, p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the present study indicated that the ES-J is a valid and highly sensitive clinimetric index, which can be used as a screening measure in the clinical process of assessment of recovery, particularly when symptoms are expected to be mild and/or when dealing with subclinical symptoms of psychological distress and depression. The findings of this study also support the use of the ES-J to detect vulnerability to depression and to identify subjects at higher risk of relapse.

scholarly journals Character configuration, major depressive episodes, and suicide-related ideation among Japanese undergraduates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251503
Author(s):  
Keisuke Takanobu ◽  
Nobuyuki Mitsui ◽  
Shinya Watanabe ◽  
Kuniyoshi Toyoshima ◽  
Yutaka Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Aim To enable early identification of university students at high risk for suicide, we examined personality as a predictive factor for major depressive episodes and suicide-related ideation. Methods From 2011 to 2013, we administered the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) to 1,997 university students at enrollment (T1). We previously conducted a study using the same data set; this is a re-analysis of the dataset. To prevent contamination of data, participants diagnosed with a depressive episode were excluded at T1. Three years after enrollment (T2), we re-administered the PHQ-9 to the same students. We statistically compared TCI scores at T1 among depressive episode groups and suicide-related ideation groups. Two-way ANOVA and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to analyze the relationships between personality traits, depressive episodes, and suicide-related ideation. Results The PHQ-9 summary scores at baseline (T1) were 3.0 (±2.7), with female students scoring 4.6 (±2.9) and male students 2.9 (±2.6, p = 0.025). The major depressive episode group at T2 had lower self-directedness (SD) scores at T1 than the non-depressive episode control group. The suicide-related ideation (SI) group at T2 also had higher harm avoidance (HA), lower SD, and lower cooperativeness (C) scores than the non-SI group at T1. The Cochran-Armitage trend tests revealed significant associations between character configurations composed of SD and C, and both depressive episodes at T2 and SI at T2. Conclusion The temperament feature of high HA at baseline and character configurations of low SD and low C at baseline are the most contributory predictors for the novel development of depressive episodes and SI among Japanese university students.

scholarly journals Time to recovery of an inception cohort with hitherto untreated unipolar major depressive episodes

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki A. Furukawa ◽  
Toshinori Kitamura ◽  
Kiyohisa Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundGeneralisability of existing studies on the naturalistic history of major depression is undermined by overrepresentation of in-patients and tertiary care academic centres, inclusion of patients already on treatment and/or incomplete follow-up.AimsTo report the time to recovery of an inception cohort of unipolar major depressive episodes.MethodA multi-centre prospective follow-up study of patients with a mood disorder, who had been selected to be representative of the untreated first-visit patients at 23 psychiatric settings from all over Japan.ResultsThe median time to recovery of the index episode after treatment commencement was 3 months (95% CI 2.5–3.6): 26% of the cohort reached asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic status by I month, 63% by 3 months, 85% by 12 months and 88% by 24 months.ConclusionsOur estimate of the episode length was 25–50% shorter than estimates reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Quitting smoking does not increase the risk of major depressive episodes among users of Internet smoking cessation interventions

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Torres ◽  
A. Z. Barrera ◽  
K. Delucchi ◽  
C. Penilla ◽  
E. J. Pérez-Stable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depression History ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundLimited evidence has suggested that quitting smoking increases the incidence of major depressive episodes (MDEs), particularly for smokers with a history of depression. Further evidence for this increase would have important implications for guiding smoking cessation.MethodSpanish- and English-speaking smokers without a current MDE (n=3056) from an international, online smoking cessation trial were assessed for abstinence 1 month after their initial quit date and followed for a total of 12 months. Incidence of screened MDE was examined as a function of abstinence and depression history.ResultsContinued smoking, not abstinence, predicted MDE screened at 1 month [smoking 11.5% v. abstinence 7.8%, odds ratio (OR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.78, p=0.02] but not afterwards (smoking 11.1% v. abstinence 9.8%, OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.77–1.45, p=0.74). Depression history predicted MDE screened at 1 month (history 17.1% v. no history 8.6%, OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.29–2.27, p<0.001) and afterwards (history 21.7% v. no history 8.3%, OR 3.87, 95% CI 2.25–6.65, p<0.001), although the interaction between history and abstinence did not.ConclusionsQuitting smoking was not associated with increased MDE, even for smokers with a history of depression, although a history of depression was. Instead, not quitting was associated with increased MDE shortly following a quit attempt. Results from this online, large, international sample of smokers converge with similar findings from smaller, clinic-based samples, suggesting that in general, quitting smoking does not increase the incidence of MDEs.

scholarly journals Detection of bipolar disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Young ◽  
Holly MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

SummaryMajor depressive episodes are common in bipolar disorder, which consequently may be misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder. Improved detection of bipolar disorder rests upon better ascertainment of a history of hypomania. Antidepressants are of dubious benefit in bipolar disorder and more accurate diagnosis of depression would promote better treatment.

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