scholarly journals Emotional Intensity and Emotion Regulation in Response to Autobiographical Memories During Dysphoria

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana del Palacio-Gonzalez ◽  
Dorthe Berntsen ◽  
Lynn A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Autobiographical Memories

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation in the Recall of Negative Autobiographical Memories

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7122
Author(s):  
Desirée Colombo ◽  
Silvia Serino ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽  
Javier Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

When facing a negative event, people implement different strategies to regulate ongoing emotions. Although the previous literature has suggested that the emotional intensity of a negative episode is associated with the characteristics of the subsequent autobiographical memory, it is still unknown whether emotion regulation (ER) moderates this relationship. In the present study, we provided undergraduate students with a smartphone-based diary to report a negative episode immediately after its occurrence and rate the momentary use of two ER strategies: cognitive reappraisal and rumination. To explore autobiographical memory, two “surprise” recall tasks were performed one week and one month after the event. According to the results, cognitive reappraisal was linked with better memory performances, and a tendency to retrospectively underestimate the negativity of highly intense events was observed only in participants adopting high rates of this strategy. Conversely, intense rumination was found to be associated with less detailed memories of emotionally intense events, as well as with higher emotional involvement with negative episodes over time, regardless of their intensity. Together, our results support the maladaptive role of rumination and the adaptive influence of cognitive reappraisal on autobiographical memory.

Emotion Regulation Choice in Internet Addiction: Less Reappraisal, Lower Frontal Alpha Asymmetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110564
Author(s):  
Xinyu Yan ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Jiemin Yang ◽  
Jiajin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Frontal Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Neural Marker

Individuals with internet addiction (IA) show difficulties in emotion regulation. However, they could effectively employ emotion regulation strategies when instructed. We speculate that this discrepancy might be caused by maladaptive emotion regulation choices. Recent studies indicated that decreased activity of the left frontal cortex could be a neural marker of reappraisal use. To address this problem, individuals with IA ( n = 17, IA group) and healthy individuals ( n = 23, healthy control [HC] group) were required to choose an emotion regulation strategy between reappraisal and distraction to regulate their emotions varying in emotional intensity and valence. We also compared the resting state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) of these 2 groups. The results replicated more choices of reappraisal in low- versus high-intensity emotional contexts across groups. More importantly, the IA group chose reappraisal less frequently compared with the HC group, irrespective of emotional intensity. Furthermore, we found individuals with IA have lower FAA than healthy controls, and FAA shows a positive correlation with the use of reappraisal. These findings suggest that IA alters individuals’ patterns of emotion regulation choice and impairs frontal activities, causing difficulties in emotion regulation.

scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal during Emotional Autobiographical Memory Recall

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha C. Holland ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Emotion Generation

We used fMRI to investigate the neural processes engaged as individuals down- and up-regulated the emotions associated with negative autobiographical memories (AMs) using cognitive reappraisal strategies. Our analyses examined neural activity during three separate phases, as participants (a) viewed a reappraisal instruction (i.e., Decrease, Increase, Maintain), (b) searched for an AM referenced by a self-generated cue, and (c) elaborated upon the details of the AM being held in mind. Decreasing emotional intensity primarily engaged activity in regions previously implicated in cognitive control (e.g., dorsal and ventral lateral pFC), emotion generation and processing (e.g., amygdala, insula), and visual imagery (e.g., precuneus) as participants searched for and retrieved events. In contrast, increasing emotional intensity engaged similar regions during the instruction phase (i.e., before a memory cue was presented) and again as individuals later elaborated upon the details of the events they had recalled. These findings confirm that reappraisal can modulate neural activity during the recall of personally relevant events, although the time course of this modulation appears to depend on whether individuals are attempting to down- or up-regulate their emotions.

scholarly journals Optimizing emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder: why and when strategies do and do not work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skyler Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Mindful Awareness ◽  
Regulation Strategies

This dissertation aimed to delineate ways to optimize emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD) by 1) identifying factors that influence general emotion regulation effectiveness and 2) examining whether these factors predict differential effectiveness of two classes of emotion regulation strategies: engagement (i.e., engaging with emotional content) versus disengagement (i.e., shifting attention away from emotional content) strategies. Factors that occur before (i.e., antecedent-focused) and after (i.e., response-focused) emotion provocation were examined. Specifically, four predictors of general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness were identified: antecedent-focused sleep quality (impaired sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality), antecedent-focused biology (basal vagal tone), antecedent-focused emotion (baseline emotional intensity), and response-focused emotion (emotional reactivity). Secondary analyses also investigated whether the relationships of these factors to general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness varied across BPD and healthy control (HC) groups. A sample of individuals with BPD (n = 40) and matched HCs (n = 40) completed a weeklong assessment of sleep efficiency and quality and then participated in an experimental procedure. First, basal vagal tone and baseline emotional intensity data were collected. Following, participants were trained to use two BPD-relevant emotion regulation strategies, mindful awareness (engagement strategy) and distraction (disengagement strategy), in response to negative emotion inductions. Emotional reactivity in response to the inductions, and the extent to which emotion was decreased using the strategies following the inductions (i.e., emotion regulation effectiveness), was examined. Emotion was measured comprehensively across self-report, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and behavioural/expressive domains. Results indicated that sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality predicted differential emotion regulation effectiveness as they improved distraction but not mindful awareness effectiveness across groups. As well, higher basal vagal tone and emotional reactivity predicted improved emotion regulation effectiveness across strategies and groups. Findings suggest that targeting sleep quality may specifically facilitate the attention mechanisms required for effective use of distraction in BPD. They also suggest that identifying ways to increase vagal tone may potentiate the emotion regulation capacity of individuals with BPD. Finally, results indicate that high emotional reactions may not necessarily be problematic and, in fact, may mark a particularly fluid emotional system that is responsive to emotion regulation attempts.

scholarly journals Optimizing emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder: why and when strategies do and do not work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skyler Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Mindful Awareness ◽  
Regulation Strategies

This dissertation aimed to delineate ways to optimize emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD) by 1) identifying factors that influence general emotion regulation effectiveness and 2) examining whether these factors predict differential effectiveness of two classes of emotion regulation strategies: engagement (i.e., engaging with emotional content) versus disengagement (i.e., shifting attention away from emotional content) strategies. Factors that occur before (i.e., antecedent-focused) and after (i.e., response-focused) emotion provocation were examined. Specifically, four predictors of general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness were identified: antecedent-focused sleep quality (impaired sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality), antecedent-focused biology (basal vagal tone), antecedent-focused emotion (baseline emotional intensity), and response-focused emotion (emotional reactivity). Secondary analyses also investigated whether the relationships of these factors to general and differential emotion regulation effectiveness varied across BPD and healthy control (HC) groups. A sample of individuals with BPD (n = 40) and matched HCs (n = 40) completed a weeklong assessment of sleep efficiency and quality and then participated in an experimental procedure. First, basal vagal tone and baseline emotional intensity data were collected. Following, participants were trained to use two BPD-relevant emotion regulation strategies, mindful awareness (engagement strategy) and distraction (disengagement strategy), in response to negative emotion inductions. Emotional reactivity in response to the inductions, and the extent to which emotion was decreased using the strategies following the inductions (i.e., emotion regulation effectiveness), was examined. Emotion was measured comprehensively across self-report, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and behavioural/expressive domains. Results indicated that sleep efficiency and rated sleep quality predicted differential emotion regulation effectiveness as they improved distraction but not mindful awareness effectiveness across groups. As well, higher basal vagal tone and emotional reactivity predicted improved emotion regulation effectiveness across strategies and groups. Findings suggest that targeting sleep quality may specifically facilitate the attention mechanisms required for effective use of distraction in BPD. They also suggest that identifying ways to increase vagal tone may potentiate the emotion regulation capacity of individuals with BPD. Finally, results indicate that high emotional reactions may not necessarily be problematic and, in fact, may mark a particularly fluid emotional system that is responsive to emotion regulation attempts.

scholarly journals Monitoring in emotion regulation: behavioral decisions and neural consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1273-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirel Dorman Ilan ◽  
Roni Shafir ◽  
Jeffrey L Birk ◽  
George A Bonanno ◽  
Gal Sheppes
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Initial Implementation ◽  
Behavioral Switching ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
Affective Consequences

Abstract Monitoring and deciding how to adjust an active regulatory strategy in order to maximize adaptive outcomes is an integral element of emotion regulation, yet existing evidence remains scarce. Filling this gap, the present study examined core factors that determine behavioral regulatory monitoring decisions and the neuro-affective consequences of these decisions. Using a novel paradigm, the initial implementation of central downregulation strategies (distraction, reappraisal) and the emotional intensity (high, low) were manipulated, prior to making a behavioral decision to maintain the initial implemented strategy or switch from it. Neuro-affective consequences of these behavioral decisions were evaluated using the Late Positive Potential (LPP), an electro-cortical measure of regulatory success. Confirming predictions, initial implementation of reappraisal in high intensity and distraction in low intensity (Strategy × Intensity combinations that were established in prior studies as non-preferred by individuals), resulted in increased behavioral switching frequency. Neurally, we expected and found that in high (but not low) emotional intensity, where distraction was more effective than reappraisal, maintaining distraction (relative to switching to reappraisal) and switching to distraction (relative to maintaining reappraisal) resulted in larger LPP modulation. These findings suggest that monitoring decisions are consistent with previously established regulatory preferences and are associated with adaptive short-term neural consequences.

Subtle sexism: Re-informing intergroup bias and regulating emotion in an Australian police organization

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto R. Melgoza ◽  
Julie Wolfram Cox
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Identity Studies

AbstractFrom a liberal feminist perspective, we argue that gender can both inform, and should continue to be informed by, social identity studies in efforts to understand and manage subtle sexism in contemporary workplaces. We investigated the presence of a form of subtle sexism, affective aversive sexism, in an Australian male-dominated organization: a police force. To do this we surveyed 159 policemen and examined relationships between individual emotional experience, emotional intensity and emotion regulation. Results indicated that, in a subtle display of intergroup bias, policemen experienced both higher positive and higher negative emotions in the presence of other policemen than of policewomen who, we argue, may be less central in the men's identities and relationships at work. Implications for research, training, and emotion management in the workplace are discussed and it is suggested that liberal feminist research can contribute much to understanding the dynamics that reproduce structural segregation in the workplace.

scholarly journals Let it be: mindful acceptance down-regulates pain and negative emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedy Kober ◽  
Jason Buhle ◽  
Jochen Weber ◽  
Kevin N Ochsner ◽  
Tor D Wager
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Lateral Pain ◽  
Reduced Activity

Abstract Mindfulness training ameliorates clinical and self-report measures of depression and chronic pain, but its use as an emotion regulation strategy—in individuals who do not meditate—remains understudied. As such, whether it (i) down-regulates early affective brain processes or (ii) depends on cognitive control systems remains unclear. We exposed meditation-naïve participants to two kinds of stimuli: negative vs. neutral images and painful vs. warm temperatures. On alternating blocks, we asked participants to either react naturally or exercise mindful acceptance. Emotion regulation using mindful acceptance was associated with reductions in reported pain and negative affect, reduced amygdala responses to negative images and reduced heat-evoked responses in medial and lateral pain systems. Critically, mindful acceptance significantly reduced activity in a distributed, a priori neurologic signature that is sensitive and specific to experimentally induced pain. In addition, these changes occurred in the absence of detectable increases in prefrontal control systems. The findings support the idea that momentary mindful acceptance regulates emotional intensity by changing initial appraisals of the affective significance of stimuli, which has consequences for clinical treatment of pain and emotion.

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