scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal during Emotional Autobiographical Memory Recall

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha C. Holland ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Emotion Generation

We used fMRI to investigate the neural processes engaged as individuals down- and up-regulated the emotions associated with negative autobiographical memories (AMs) using cognitive reappraisal strategies. Our analyses examined neural activity during three separate phases, as participants (a) viewed a reappraisal instruction (i.e., Decrease, Increase, Maintain), (b) searched for an AM referenced by a self-generated cue, and (c) elaborated upon the details of the AM being held in mind. Decreasing emotional intensity primarily engaged activity in regions previously implicated in cognitive control (e.g., dorsal and ventral lateral pFC), emotion generation and processing (e.g., amygdala, insula), and visual imagery (e.g., precuneus) as participants searched for and retrieved events. In contrast, increasing emotional intensity engaged similar regions during the instruction phase (i.e., before a memory cue was presented) and again as individuals later elaborated upon the details of the events they had recalled. These findings confirm that reappraisal can modulate neural activity during the recall of personally relevant events, although the time course of this modulation appears to depend on whether individuals are attempting to down- or up-regulate their emotions.

scholarly journals Decoding across sensory modalities reveals common supramodal signatures of conscious perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (13) ◽  
pp. 7437-7446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Sanchez ◽  
Thomas Hartmann ◽  
Marco Fuscà ◽  
Gianpaolo Demarchi ◽  
Nathan Weisz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Near Threshold

An increasing number of studies highlight common brain regions and processes in mediating conscious sensory experience. While most studies have been performed in the visual modality, it is implicitly assumed that similar processes are involved in other sensory modalities. However, the existence of supramodal neural processes related to conscious perception has not been convincingly shown so far. Here, we aim to directly address this issue by investigating whether neural correlates of conscious perception in one modality can predict conscious perception in a different modality. In two separate experiments, we presented participants with successive blocks of near-threshold tasks involving subjective reports of tactile, visual, or auditory stimuli during the same magnetoencephalography (MEG) acquisition. Using decoding analysis in the poststimulus period between sensory modalities, our first experiment uncovered supramodal spatiotemporal neural activity patterns predicting conscious perception of the feeble stimulation. Strikingly, these supramodal patterns included activity in primary sensory regions not directly relevant to the task (e.g., neural activity in visual cortex predicting conscious perception of auditory near-threshold stimulation). We carefully replicate our results in a control experiment that furthermore show that the relevant patterns are independent of the type of report (i.e., whether conscious perception was reported by pressing or withholding a button press). Using standard paradigms for probing neural correlates of conscious perception, our findings reveal a common signature of conscious access across sensory modalities and illustrate the temporally late and widespread broadcasting of neural representations, even into task-unrelated primary sensory processing regions.

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation in the Recall of Negative Autobiographical Memories

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7122
Author(s):  
Desirée Colombo ◽  
Silvia Serino ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽  
Javier Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

When facing a negative event, people implement different strategies to regulate ongoing emotions. Although the previous literature has suggested that the emotional intensity of a negative episode is associated with the characteristics of the subsequent autobiographical memory, it is still unknown whether emotion regulation (ER) moderates this relationship. In the present study, we provided undergraduate students with a smartphone-based diary to report a negative episode immediately after its occurrence and rate the momentary use of two ER strategies: cognitive reappraisal and rumination. To explore autobiographical memory, two “surprise” recall tasks were performed one week and one month after the event. According to the results, cognitive reappraisal was linked with better memory performances, and a tendency to retrospectively underestimate the negativity of highly intense events was observed only in participants adopting high rates of this strategy. Conversely, intense rumination was found to be associated with less detailed memories of emotionally intense events, as well as with higher emotional involvement with negative episodes over time, regardless of their intensity. Together, our results support the maladaptive role of rumination and the adaptive influence of cognitive reappraisal on autobiographical memory.

scholarly journals Can binocular rivalry reveal neural correlates of consciousness?

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1641) ◽  
pp. 20130211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Blake ◽  
Jan Brascamp ◽  
David J. Heeger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
Neural Correlate Of Consciousness

This essay critically examines the extent to which binocular rivalry can provide important clues about the neural correlates of conscious visual perception. Our ideas are presented within the framework of four questions about the use of rivalry for this purpose: (i) what constitutes an adequate comparison condition for gauging rivalry's impact on awareness, (ii) how can one distinguish abolished awareness from inattention, (iii) when one obtains unequivocal evidence for a causal link between a fluctuating measure of neural activity and fluctuating perceptual states during rivalry, will it generalize to other stimulus conditions and perceptual phenomena and (iv) does such evidence necessarily indicate that this neural activity constitutes a neural correlate of consciousness? While arriving at sceptical answers to these four questions, the essay nonetheless offers some ideas about how a more nuanced utilization of binocular rivalry may still provide fundamental insights about neural dynamics, and glimpses of at least some of the ingredients comprising neural correlates of consciousness, including those involved in perceptual decision-making.

Clarity, Controllability, and Emotional Intensity of Image: Correlations with Introversion, Neuroticism, and Subjective Anxiety

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin J. Euse ◽  
Jack N. Haney
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Emotional Intensity

Clarity, controllability, and associated affect of visual imagery were intercorrelated with measures of neuroticism, extraversion, and state-trait anxiety for 43 men and 66 women undergraduates. Resulting coefficients indicated high, neuroticism, introversion, and anxiety were all associated with poor clarity and controllability of image. Results were interpreted to suggest that anxiety acts as a mediating variable for clarity and controllability of image.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of beauty retouching to enhance attractiveness of self-depictions in women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisa Ota ◽  
Tamami Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractBeauty filters, while often employed for retouching photos to appear more attractive on social media, when used in excess cause images to give a distorted impression. The neural mechanisms underlying this change in facial attractiveness according to beauty retouching level remain unknown. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging in women as they viewed photos of their own face or unknown faces that had been retouched at three levels: no, mild, and extreme. The activity in the nucleus accumbens (NA) exhibited a positive correlation with facial attractiveness, whereas amygdala activity showed a negative correlation with attractiveness. Even though the participants rated others’ faces as more attractive than their own, the NA showed increased activity only for their mildly retouched own face and the amygdala exhibited greater activation in the others’ faces condition than the own face condition. Moreover, amygdala activity was greater for extremely retouched faces than for unretouched or mildly retouched faces for both conditions. Frontotemporal and cortical midline areas showed greater activation for one’s own than others’ faces, but such self-related activation was absent when extremely retouched. These results suggest that neural activity dynamically switches between the NA and amygdala according to perceived attractiveness of one’s face.

scholarly journals Early changes in corticomotor excitability underlie proactive inhibitory control of error correction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Rodriguez Herreros ◽  
Julia L Amengual ◽  
Jimena Lucrecia Vazquez-Anguiano ◽  
Silvio Ionta ◽  
Carlo Miniussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Corticomotor Excitability ◽  
Control Of Error

Converging evidence indicates that response inhibition may arise from the interaction of effortful proactive and reflexive reactive mechanisms. However, the distinction between the neural basis sustaining proactive and reactive inhibitory processes is still unclear. To identify reliable neural markers of proactive inhibition, we examined the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates elicited by manipulating the degree of inhibitory control in a task that involved the detection and amendment of errors. Restraining or encouraging the correction of errors did not affect the time course of the behavioral and neural correlates associated to reactive inhibition. We rather found that a bilateral and sustained decrease of corticomotor excitability was required for an effective proactive inhibitory control, whereas selective strategies were associated with defective response suppression. Our results provide behavioral and electrophysiological conclusive evidence of a comprehensive proactive inhibitory mechanism, with a distinctive underlying neural basis, governing the commission and amendment of errors. Together, these findings hint at a decisive role for changes in corticomotor excitability in determining whether an action will be successfully suppressed.

scholarly journals Olfaction Modulates Early Neural Responses to Matching Visual Objects

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Robinson ◽  
Judith Reinhard ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Matter Concentration

Sensory information is initially registered within anatomically and functionally segregated brain networks but is also integrated across modalities in higher cortical areas. Although considerable research has focused on uncovering the neural correlates of multisensory integration for the modalities of vision, audition, and touch, much less attention has been devoted to understanding interactions between vision and olfaction in humans. In this study, we asked how odors affect neural activity evoked by images of familiar visual objects associated with characteristic smells. We employed scalp-recorded EEG to measure visual ERPs evoked by briefly presented pictures of familiar objects, such as an orange, mint leaves, or a rose. During presentation of each visual stimulus, participants inhaled either a matching odor, a nonmatching odor, or plain air. The N1 component of the visual ERP was significantly enhanced for matching odors in women, but not in men. This is consistent with evidence that women are superior in detecting, discriminating, and identifying odors and that they have a higher gray matter concentration in olfactory areas of the OFC. We conclude that early visual processing is influenced by olfactory cues because of associations between odors and the objects that emit them, and that these associations are stronger in women than in men.

Spinal cord neural activity of patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls during temporal summation of pain: an fMRI study

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-956
Author(s):  
Roland Staud ◽  
Jeff Boissoneault ◽  
Song Lai ◽  
Marlin S. Mejia ◽  
Riddhi Ramanlal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Temporal Summation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Second Pain

“Windup” and its behavioral correlate “temporal-summation-of-second pain” (TSSP) represent spinal cord mechanisms of pain augmentation associated with central sensitization and chronic pain. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain disorder, where abnormal TSSP has been demonstrated. We used fMRI to study spinal cord and brainstem activation during TSSP. We characterized the time course of spinal cord and brainstem BOLD activity during TSSP which showed abnormal brainstem activity in patients with FM, possibly due to deficient pain modulation.

scholarly journals Left-Hemispheric Asymmetry for Object-Based Attention: an ERP Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Orlandi ◽  
Alice Mado Proverbio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Stimulus Features

It has been shown that selective attention enhances the activity in visual regions associated with stimulus processing. The left hemisphere seems to have a prominent role when non-spatial attention is directed towards specific stimulus features (e.g., color, spatial frequency). The present electrophysiological study investigated the time course and neural correlates of object-based attention, under the assumption of left-hemispheric asymmetry. Twenty-nine right-handed participants were presented with 3D graphic images representing the shapes of different object categories (wooden dummies, chairs, structures of cubes) which lacked detail. They were instructed to press a button in response to a target stimulus indicated at the beginning of each run. The perception of non-target stimuli elicited a larger anterior N2 component, which was likely associated with motor inhibition. Conversely, target selection resulted in an enhanced selection negativity (SN) response lateralized over the left occipito-temporal regions, followed by a larger centro-parietal P300 response. These potentials were interpreted as indexing attentional selection and categorization processes, respectively. The standardized weighted low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (swLORETA) source reconstruction showed the engagement of a fronto-temporo-limbic network underlying object-based visual attention. Overall, the SN scalp distribution and relative neural generators hinted at a left-hemispheric advantage for non-spatial object-based visual attention.

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