Carbon Crime in the Voluntary Market: An Exploration of Modernization Themes Among a Sample of Criminal and Non-criminal Organizations

This article outlines the three main prostitution organization types as well as hierarchical structures in criminal organizations dealing with human trafficking, prostitution and sexual exploitation. Several major categories of personages are directly involved in organized crime groups. The main indicators for assessing the prostitution prevention are defined and the principles for system management and management are justified. The three factors of prostitution management - psychological, social and financial - are outlined. An evaluation of the prostitution market has been carried out and the functions of the domestic and external markets for paid sex are described. The data provided gives us a reason to assume that the consumption of sexual services is increasing.

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Can Voluntary Market Reforms Promote Efficient Corporate Governance? Evidence from Firms' Migration to Premium Markets in Brazil

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.678282 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antonio Gledson de Carvalho ◽

George G. Pennacchi

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Market Reforms ◽

Voluntary Market

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Conflict antiquities’ rescue or ransom: The cost of buying back stolen cultural property in contexts of political violence

International Journal of Cultural Property ◽

10.1017/s0940739121000084 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Samuel Andrew Hardy

Keyword(s):

Political Violence ◽

North Africa ◽

Western Europe ◽

Cultural Property ◽

Natural Experiments ◽

Political Organizations ◽

Criminal Organizations ◽

Revenue Streams ◽

The Cost ◽

Safe Zones

Abstract Rescue has long been a defense for the removal of cultural property. Since the explosion of iconoclasm in West Asia, North Africa, and West Africa, there has been a growing demand for cultural property in danger zones to be “rescued” by being purchased and given “asylum” in “safe zones” (typically, in the market countries of Western Europe and North America). This article reviews evidence from natural experiments with the “rescue” of looted antiquities and stolen artifacts from across Asia and Europe. Unsurprisingly, the evidence reaffirms that “rescue” incentivizes looting, smuggling, and corruption, as well as forgery, and the accompanying destruction of knowledge. More significantly, “rescue” facilitates the laundering of “ordinary” illicit assets and may contribute to revenue streams of criminal organizations and violent political organizations; it may even weaken international support for insecure democracies. Ultimately, “rescue” by purchase appears incoherent, counter-productive, and dangerous for the victimized communities that it purports to support.

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Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands

Trends in Organized Crime ◽

10.1007/s12117-020-09399-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Viviana García Pinzón ◽

Jorge Mantilla

Keyword(s):

Organized Crime ◽

Border Studies ◽

Transnational Organized Crime ◽

Spatial Category ◽

Criminal Organizations ◽

The Common ◽

Migration Flows ◽

And Migration ◽

Social Orders ◽

Depth Interviews

Abstract Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis brings together insights from political geography, border studies, and organized crime literature, while empirically, it draws on direct observation, criminal justice data, and in-depth interviews.

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Analysis of Drug Trafficking and Corruption Nexus in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Region

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v12n4p53 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Salawati Mat Basir ◽

Mohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi ◽

Elmira Sobatian

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Drug Addiction ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Drug Trafficking ◽

Its Region ◽

Economic Cooperation ◽

Drug Related Problems ◽

Control Drug ◽

Criminal Organizations ◽

Drug Traffickers

<p>The main objective of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is economic development in its region but directly unproductive profit seeking activities such as drug trafficking is the prominent barrier to reach this goal. All members spend lots of money to fight against drug trafficking, as all of them suffer from drug addiction and drug related problems. The first step to cope with this problem is to identify the factors and incentives that make this region vulnerable for drug trafficking activities and to unearth what makes this region a haven for drug traffickers. A bulk of literature supports the concept that organized criminal organizations are not able to operate when there are not any forms of corruption since they are strongly interrelated. In this paper, we analyze the link between drug trafficking and corruption in ECO region in order to develop ECO strategies to hamper and interrupt these transnational crimes. Corruption has posed major challenges to the efforts taken to control drug and also has seriously damaged the ECO members’ image in international community. One of the practical solutions is the responsibility of ECO organization in implementing rule of law in the region. Undoubtedly, fighting against corruption in ECO region is a joint responsibility of international and intercontinental community and this responsibility requires collective action and cooperation among countries in the region.</p>

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