Study of Flood Disaster Mitigation Analysis for Transportation Routes in Panakukkang District, Makassar City

This study conducted an analysis study of flood disaster mitigation for transportation routes in the Panakukkang district of Makassar City. By using ArcGis software, the results of the simulation of safe and vulnerable zone levels based on color indicators are known. There are 5 villages in Panakukkang District which are flood safe zones, with the number of evacuation sites, namely 21 buildings. Then there are 4 villages which are flood alert zones with 2 evacuation sites, 2 buildings. On the first evacuation route there are 8 reference points namely Reference Point C with the distance to the nearest evacuation site 3.22 km and a travel time of 64.3 minutes. Then the reference point A with a distance to the nearest evacuation site is 2.85 km and a travel time of 57 minutes. While the reference point F is the closest point to the nearest evacuation distance 0.71 km and the travel time is 14.2 minutes. All these reference points require travel speeds of 3 km / h on foot. On the second evacuation route there are 6 Reference Points namely reference point A with distance to the nearest evacuation point 1.94 km and travel time 38.8 minutes, reference point E with distance to nearest evacuation location 1.23 km and travel time 24.6 minutes. Then at the reference point C is the closest point to the nearest evacuation distance 0.72 km and the travel time is 14.4 minutes.

An Innovative GB-INSAR System for Deformation Monitoring and Disaster Management

Disaster management is a critical issue, needs timely reaction to mitigate the risks and to re-establish a safety condition. For that reason, remote monitoring solution play a crucial role to measure structure healthy and slope stability keeping operators and equipment in the safe zones. A clear understanding of displacement and stability of the target is vital to define proper remediation actions, prioritizing the most critical ones. IDS GeoRadar is a provider of radar remote monitoring technology for complex structures and natural hazards, that recently developed an ArcSAR interferometric radar system for deformation monitoring and disaster management. The innovative solution has been designed to have a portable, easy-to-use solution able to monitor the structures and area after few minutes of its deployment. The radar system detects structure displacement and slope fall precursors, triggering early warning to increase safety for emergency operations and to evacuate people and machinery at risk. The new radar system provides sub-millimeter displacement accuracy at a spatial resolution of tens of centimetres, with updated displacement information every 30 seconds. In this paper, the system is described, along with emergency monitoring experiences.

Consideration of pelvic tilt at the time of preoperative planning improves standing acetabular position after robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty

Introduction: Approximately half of dislocating total hip arthroplasties (THAs) demonstrate acetabular component position within traditional safe zones. It is unclear if postoperative functional acetabular position can be reliably improved by considering preoperative pelvic tilt. We investigated whether standing cup position targets could be more accurately achieved by considering preoperative standing pelvic tilt in addition to bone landmarks when planning for robot-assisted THA. Methods: We reviewed 146 THAs performed by a single surgeon using computed tomography-based 3-dimensional planning and robotic technology to guide acetabular reaming and component insertion. Planning for 73 consecutive cases started at 40° of inclination and 22° of anteversion relative to the supine functional plane and was adjusted to better match native hip anatomy. Planning for the next 73 cases was modified to consider standing pelvic position based on standing preoperative radiographs. We compared groups to determine the rate when cups were placed outside our standing targets of 15–30° anteversion and 35–50° inclination. Results: Cup position proved to be reliable in both groups, with 83% of cups in the anatomic planning cohort and 90% of cups in the functional planning cohort achieving standing targets for both anteversion and inclination ( p = 0.227). Variances were lower in the functional planning group: 9.4° versus 15.8° of inclination ( p = 0.079) and 18.3° versus 26.1° of anteversion ( p = 0.352). The range of functional positions was narrower in the functional planning group: 35.7–47.5° versus 31.8–54.9° of inclination and 16.7–35.0° versus 10.1–35.9° of anteversion. Discussion: Our results suggest enhanced planning that considers pelvic tilt, when coupled to a precision tool to achieve the plan, can reliably achieve target standing component positions. Considering preoperative functional pelvic position may improve postoperative functional acetabular component placement in THA, but the clinical benefit of this has yet to be confirmed.

The Patient-Specific Combined Target Zone for Morpho-Functional Planning of Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background Relevant criteria for total hip arthroplasty (THA) planning have been introduced in the literature which include the hip range of motion, bony coverage, anterior cup overhang, leg length discrepancy, edge loading risk, and wear. The optimal implant design and alignment depends on the patient’s anatomy and patient-specific functional parameters such as the pelvic tilt. The approaches proposed in literature often consider one or more criteria for THA planning. but to the best of our knowledge none of them follow an integrated approach including all criteria for the definition of a patient-specific combined target zone (PSCTZ). Questions/purposes (1) How can we calculate suitable THA implant and implantation parameters for a specific patient considering all relevant criteria? (2) Are the resulting target zones in the range of conventional safe zones? (3) Do patients who fulfil these combined criteria have a better outcome score? Methods A method is presented that calculates individual target zones based on the morphology, range of motion and load acting on the hip joint and merges them into the PSCTZ. In a retrospective analysis of 198 THA patients, it was calculated whether the patients were inside or outside the Lewinnek safe zone, Dorr combined anteversion range and PSCTZ. The postoperative Harris Hip Scores (HHS) between insiders and outsiders were compared. Results 11 patients were inside the PSCTZ. Patients inside and outside the PSCTZ showed no significant difference in the HHS. However, a significant higher HHS was observed for the insiders of two of the three sub-target zones incorporated in the PSCTZ. By combining the sub-target zones in the PSCTZ, all PSCTZ insiders except one had an HHS higher than 90. Conclusions The results might suggest that, for a prosthesis implanted in the PSCTZ a low outcome score of the patient is less likely than using the conventional safe zones by Lewinnek and Dorr. For future studies, a larger cohort of patients inside the PSCTZ is needed which can only be achieved if the cases are planned prospectively with the method introduced in this paper. Clinical Relevance The method presented in this paper could help the surgeon combining multiple different criteria during THA planning and find the suitable implant design and alignment for a specific patient.

The safe zones for endoscopic proximal hamstring repair: a cadaveric assessment of standard portal placement and their relationship to major neurovascular structures

Purpose: To define the anatomical relationship of the major neurovascular structures to the standard endoscopic portals used in endoscopic hamstring repair. A secondary outcome was to determine the safest angle of insertion from each standard portal. Methods: Endoscopic portals were established in the 3 standard locations (lateral, medial, and inferior) and Steinmann pins inserted at various angles. Each hip was dissected and the distance between the pins and the pertinent anatomy measured. Results: The lateral portal placed the sciatic and posterior femoral cutaneous (PFC) nerves at greatest risk: direct injury to the sciatic nerve was seen in 11/30 (37%) of the lateral portals sited. A lateral portal with an approach at 60° was the most dangerous orientation with a mean distance of 0.36 ± 0.49 mm and 4.30 ± 2.69 mm from the sciatic and PFC nerves, respectively ( p < 0.001). The 60° medial portal was the safest of all portals measured, at a mean distance of 67.37 ± 11.06mm (range, 47–78 mm) from the sciatic nerve and 58.90 ± 10.57 mm (range 40–70 mm) from the PFC nerve. Conclusions: While currently described techniques recommend establishing the standard lateral portal first, this study shows that it carries the highest risk of injury if used blind. We recommend that the standard medial endoscopic portal is established first to identify the neurovascular structures and minimise iatrogenic neurovascular injury. The inferior and lateral portals can then be established created under direct vision. The lateral portal should be inserted in a more horizontal orientation to decrease the risk of nerve injury.

Virtual reality and celebrity humanitarianism: Rashida Jones in Lebanon

The paper brings together two segments of contemporary humanitarian practice – celebrity advocacy and virtual reality (VR) – in order to more fully comprehend the relationship between emergent technologies and humanitarian advocacy efforts. Numerous VR documentaries intended to immerse audiences into the full experience of “distant suffering” have been crafted for audiences in the global North. Between 2015 and 2019, the United Nations invested in at least 21 VR documentaries covering crisis situations around the world. VR’s popularity is premised on the promise of bringing spectators and “distant sufferers” together through immersive experiences. Performances of humanitarian advocacy use traditional representational tools of Western humanitarian discourse. This leads to the question whether advocacy efforts using immersive VR flatten real and material differences that exist between sufferers and spectators in safe zones through the “illusion of co-suffering”? To what extent do such experiences risk “improper distance” by translating the irreducible alterity of other lives into familiar terms?

Tsunami evacuation times and routes to safe zones: a GIS-based approach to tsunami evacuation planning on the island of Stromboli, Italy

While a landslide at the volcanic island of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) in December 2002 created a tsunami with a run-up of 10.9 m, two paroxysmal eruptions in the summer of 2019 caused a tsunami with an amplitude of 40 to 20 cm. All three events required rapid, spontaneous emergency evacuations of the beach zone as the time between tsunami generation and impact is around 4 min. These conditions thus require a special consideration of the issue of evacuation capabilities on the island in the event of a volcanogenic tsunami. The purpose of this paper is thus to (i) determine pedestrian evacuation times from high-risk coastal areas to safe zones, (ii) to assess building evacuation ease, and (iii) determine emergency evacuation plans (for buildings and coastal zones). For this purpose, we created a GIS-based risk analysis/mapping tool that also allowed macroscopic evacuation modelling. In our case, the high-risk zone to be evacuated involves an area extending to 10 m a.s.l. and involving 123 individual buildings over an area of 0.18 km2. The results show that 33% of the buildings can be evacuated in 4 min, and that a 10-min warning time is required for a complete and well-distributed evacuation whereby the population is evenly distributed between all evacuation exits to avoid the potential for congestion. Initial interviews of residents in the at-risk zone reveal a high level of awareness and a desire for personalized evacuation scenarios.