Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines Present in the Acute Phase of Experimental Colitis Treated with Saccharomyces boulardii

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease with an unknown etiology characterized by oxidative stress, leucocyte infiltration and a rise in inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we have investigated the effects of silymarin, a mixture of several flavonolignans with established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Experimental colitis was induced in male Wistar-albino rats by delivering TNBS to the distal colon. All the medicines were administered by gavage for seven days. Thirty-six male rats were divided into six groups containing six rats in each one. Control rats received only TNBS. In the treated groups, animals were given different doses of silymarin (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg). Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) was used as the positive treatment. Colonic status was investigated seven days post induction of colitis through macroscopic, histological, and biochemical analyses. Amelioration of the morphological signs including macroscopic damage, necrotic area, and histology were seen subsequent to treating animals with silymarin. These observations were accompanied by a significant reduction in the degree of both neutrophil infiltration, indicated by decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation, as measured by a decline in malodialdehyde content in inflamed colon as well as a decrease in levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). The results of the present study reveal that the beneficial effect of silymarin in bowel cells is mediated through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.

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Comparative evaluation of cytokine and acute-phase protein concentrations in sera of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis as a different view of the causes of the disease

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1572-1578 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1572-1578

Author(s):

Piotr Brodzki ◽

Jan Marczuk ◽

Urszula Lisiecka ◽

Marek Szczubiał ◽

Adam Brodzki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Assay Method ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Common Disease ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background and Aim: Ketosis is a common disease occurring during the first stage of lactation in highly productive dairy cows. The aim of the present study was the comparative assessment of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), anti-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-10), and acute-phase proteins (APPs) (including haptoglobin [Hp] and serum amyloid A [SAA]), in the sera of cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK), in those with clinical ketosis (CK), and in healthy cows. Materials and Methods: Thirty dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed were investigated. The cows were divided into three groups depending on the serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) level. The control, SCK, and CK groups included healthy cows, cows with SCK, and cows with CK, respectively. BHBA concentration in blood serum was determined using colorimetric method. The blood serum was used for proper tests. Cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and APPs (SAA and Hp) concentrations in the investigated samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The SCK group had significantly higher TNF-α, IL-6; IL-10, and SAA values than had the CK group (p<0.01). The SCK group had a lower Hp concentration than had the CK group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the inflammation intensity is higher in the initial phase of the disease and decreases during the advancement, probably due to active anti-inflammatory mechanisms (an increase of IL-10 concentration), which protect animal organism from self-destruction. On the basis of our study, it can be assumed that ketosis development in dairy cows was preceded by the systemic inflammation that may influence the progress of this disease.

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Cyclic AMP in human preterm infant blood is associated with increased TLR-mediated production of acute-phase and anti-inflammatory cytokines in vitro

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/s41390-019-0586-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 717-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tobias Strunk ◽

Simon D. van Haren ◽

Julie Hibbert ◽

Matthew Pettengill ◽

Al Ozonoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Immune predictors in acute phase of ischemic stroke

Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii ◽

10.36927/2079-0325-v28-is3-2020-2 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Volodymyr Lychko

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Local Inflammatory Response ◽

Immunological Monitoring ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Significant Intensity ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Complex Features

The acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS) is always accompanied by significant changes in the cytokine status of patients, which affects the further course of disease, determines the severity and prognosis. The purpose of the research was to study complex features peculiarities of changes in cytokine profile in patients of various degrees of severity in the acute phase of IS to optimize diagnosis and identify new prognostic factors. Immunological monitoring of 350 patients with IS was performed to determine the plasma levels of main pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results of the study showed high levels of these substances in debut of IS and in dynamics of the disease, which determined the severity of patients. The data obtained allowed us to develop new prognostic criteria for severity in the acute phase of IS. The levels of proinflammatory (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL‑4 and IL‑10) in the serum of 350 patients with IS during hospitalization on the 1st, 10th and 21st day of treatment were performed. The plasma concentration of IL-6 in the debut of the disease can reach 32.75 ± 3.44 pg/ml. The levels from 34.77 ± 2.9 pg/ml to 35.26 ± 1.96 pg/ml indicate the severity of local inflammatory response. The levels of TNF-α at day 1 reaches 16.13 ± 0.77 pg/ml unfavorable for the forecast should be considered concentrations within 18,69 ± 0,64 — 18,87 ± 0,83 pg/ml. On the 1st day, the concentration of IL-4 can reach 4.51 ± 1.67 pg/ml, and IL‑10 — 2.36 ± 0.31 pg/ml. High levels of IL‑4 in serum from 5.15 ± 1.17 pg/ml to 5.42 ± 0.27 pg/ml, and IL-10 from 2.48 ± 0.33 pg/ml to 2.57 ± 0.11 pg/ml can indicate a significant intensity of inflammatory processes in the lesion area, which is also always adversely affected by the outcome of the disease.

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