A ?Natural Experiment? Approach to Contingent Valuation of Private and Public UV Health Risk Reduction Strategies in Low and High Risk Countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Bateman ◽  
Roy Brouwer ◽  
Stavros Georgiou ◽  
Nick Hanley ◽  
Fernando Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Health Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

scholarly journals Young Aboriginal people's sexual health risk reduction strategies: a qualitative study in remote Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Stephen Bell ◽  
James Ward ◽  
Peter Aggleton ◽  
Walbira Murray ◽  
Bronwyn Silver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Condom Distribution ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Health Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Background Surveillance data indicate that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people are more likely than their non-Indigenous counterparts to experience sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancy. Despite increasing emphasis on the need for strengths-based approaches to Aboriginal sexual health, limited published data document how young Aboriginal people reduce sexual health risks encountered in their everyday lives. Methods: In-depth interviews with 35 young Aboriginal women and men aged 16–21 years in two remote Australian settings were conducted; inductive thematic analysis examining sexual health risk reduction practices was also conducted. Results: Participants reported individual and collective STI and pregnancy risk reduction strategies. Individual practices included accessing and carrying condoms; having a regular casual sexual partner; being in a long-term trusting relationship; using long-acting reversible contraception; having fewer sexual partners; abstaining from sex; accessing STI testing. More collective strategies included: refusing sex without a condom; accompanied health clinic visits with a trusted individual; encouraging friends to use condoms and go for STI testing; providing friends with condoms. Conclusion: Findings broaden understanding of young Aboriginal people’s sexual health risk reduction strategies in remote Aboriginal communities. Findings signal the need for multisectoral STI prevention and sexual health programs driven by young people’s existing harm minimisation strategies and cultural models of collective support. Specific strategies to enhance young people’s sexual health include: peer condom distribution; accompanied health service visits; peer-led health promotion; continued community-based condom distribution; enhanced access to a fuller range of available contraception in primary care settings; engaging health service-experienced young people as ‘youth health workers’.

JCAHO Med Management - Managing High-Risk Medications: Implementing Medication Management Standard 7.10

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Shlom ◽  
Sondra K. May
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Management Standard ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

This continuing feature highlights the experiences of various health care organizations in implementing the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Medication Management Standards and National Patient Safety Goals. Practical information on what worked and how organizations have been surveyed regarding the standards and goals will be provided along with updates on revisions and recommendations being established by JCAHO. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Medication Management Standards are guidelines for health care organizations to improve patient medication safety and quality of care. Medication Management Standard 7.10 states, “The hospital develops processes for managing high-risk or high-alert medications.” An institution's list of high-risk medications can be derived from published lists, retrospective review of hospital-specific incidents, and/or prospective evaluation as new drugs are added to the formulary. The hospital's policy will include the list of high-risk medications and the risk-reduction strategies that it is undertaking to reduce medication errors associated with them. One method of identifying risk-reduction strategies is to conduct a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). The process of conducting an FMEA is described and a list of risk-reduction strategies from two hospitals are provided.

Polysubstance use and associated effects at raves parties / Efectos asociados al policonsumo de drogas en fiestas rave

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermín Fernández-Calderón ◽  
Óscar M. Lozano Rojas ◽  
Izaskun Bilbao Acedos ◽  
Antonio J. Rojas Tejada ◽  
Claudio Vidal Giné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The One ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Objetivos: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir los efectos positivos y negativos percibidos por asistentes a fiestas rave underground, y analizar las relaciones existentes entre las drogas consumidas y los efectos percibidos.Método: estudio realizado entre 252 asistentes a 22 fiestas raves underground celebradas en Andalucía, entre los meses de mayo y octubre de 2008. Se han aplicado contrastes de proporciones y regresiones logísticas.Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las drogas más consumidas por los asistentes fueron: alcohol (94.4%), cannabis (76.6%), speed (74.7%), éxtasis (64.1%), cocaína (28.2%), ketamina (23.8%) y LSD (22.9%). AbstractObjetives: The purpose of this study is to describe positive and negative effects perceived by underground rave attenders, and to analyze the relations between drugs consume and perceived risks.Method: The research was developed with a sample of 252 assistant at 22 underground raves in Andalucía (Spain), from May to October 2008. It has been applied contrast proportions and logistic regressions analysis.Results: Results show that the most consumed drugs were: alcohol (94.4%), cannabis (76.6%), speed (74.7%), ecstasy (64.1%), cocaine (28.2%), ketamine (23.8%) and LSD (22.9%). The most positive effects perceived were: euphoria, well-being, happiness (90.3%) and connection with music (75.4%). The most negative effects perceived were: tiredness (78.2%), jaw clenching (55.2%) and concentration decreased (54.4%). Ecstasy is the substance which more increases probability to perceive positive effects, while speed is the one that more increases probability to perceive negative effects.Conclusions: Negative effects experimented for participants show the high risk for rave attendees´ health. These, together with positive effects, must be considered in order to design preventive and risk reduction strategies.

scholarly journals Low Use of Opioid Risk Reduction Strategies in Primary Care Even for High Risk Patients with Chronic Pain

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Starrels ◽  
William C. Becker ◽  
Mark G. Weiner ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Moonseong Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

scholarly journals Satisfaction with ovarian carcinoma risk-reduction strategies among women at high risk for breast and ovarian carcinoma

Cancer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 2659-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon N. Westin ◽  
Charlotte C. Sun ◽  
Karen H. Lu ◽  
Kathleen M. Schmeler ◽  
Pamela T. Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Carcinoma Risk

scholarly journals Hazards of Risk: Identifying Plausible Community Wildfire Disasters in Low-Frequency Fire Regimes

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Andy McEvoy ◽  
Becky K. Kerns ◽  
John B. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Community Exposure ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Optimized wildfire risk reduction strategies are generally not resilient in the event of unanticipated, or very rare events, presenting a hazard in risk assessments which otherwise rely on actuarial, mean-based statistics to characterize risk. This hazard of actuarial approaches to wildfire risk is perhaps particularly evident for infrequent fire regimes such as those in the temperate forests west of the Cascade Range crest in Oregon and Washington, USA (“Westside”), where fire return intervals often exceed 200 years but where fires can be extremely intense and devastating. In this study, we used wildfire simulations and building location data to evaluate community wildfire exposure and identify plausible disasters that are not based on typical mean-based statistical approaches. We compared the location and magnitude of simulated disasters to historical disasters (1984–2020) in order to characterize plausible surprises which could inform future wildfire risk reduction planning. Results indicate that nearly half of communities are vulnerable to a future disaster, that the magnitude of plausible disasters exceeds any recent historical events, and that ignitions on private land are most likely to result in very high community exposure. Our methods, in combination with more typical actuarial characterizations, provide a way to support investment in and communication with communities exposed to low-probability, high-consequence wildfires.

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