The relationship between the bioactivation and detoxification of diazinon and chlorpyrifos, and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in Chirostoma jordani from three lakes with low to high organophosphate pesticides contamination

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Dzul-Caamal ◽  
M. Lilia Domínguez-Lòpez ◽  
Hugo. F. Olivares-Rubio ◽  
Ethel García-Latorre ◽  
Armando Vega-López
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Profenofos and Triazophos Residues in the Chinese Cabbage, Brassica chinensis, Using Ce-Doped TiO2

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangying Liu ◽  
You Zhan ◽  
Zhongqin Zhang ◽  
Lang Pan ◽  
Lifeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Atomic Charge ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Brassica Chinensis ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mulliken Atomic Charge

Pesticides have revolutionized the modern day of agriculture and substantially reduced crop losses. Synthetic pesticides pose a potential risk to the ecosystem and to the non-target organisms due to their persistency and bioaccumulation in the environment. In recent years, a light-mediated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has been adopted to resolve pesticide residue issues in the field. Among the current available semiconductors, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most promising photocatalysts. In this study, we investigated the photocatalytic degradation of profenofos and triazophos residues in Chinese cabbage, Brassica chinensis, using a Cerium-doped nano semiconductor TiO2 (TiO2/Ce) under the field conditions. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of these organophosphate pesticides in B. chinensis was significantly enhanced in the presence of TiO2/Ce. Specifically, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were significantly increased in B. chinensis with TiO2/Ce treatment, accelerating the degradation of profenofos and triazophos. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS) analysis detected 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol and 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole, the major photodegradation byproducts of profenofos and triazophos, respectively. To better understand the relationship between photodegradation and the molecular structure of these organophosphate pesticides, we investigated the spatial configuration, the bond length and Mulliken atomic charge using quantum chemistry. Ab initio analysis suggests that the bonds connected by P atom of profenofos/triazophos are the initiation cleavage site for photocatalytic degradation in B. chinensis.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase Activity Measurement and Clinical Features of Delirium

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Jackson ◽  
Hannah C. Moorey ◽  
Bart Sheehan ◽  
Alasdair M.J. Maclullich ◽  
John R. Gladman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hypoactive Delirium ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: Cholinergic deficiency is commonly implicated in the pathophysiology of delirium. We aimed to investigate the relationship between directly measured serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and (1) clinical features of delirium and (2) outcomes among older hospital patients with delirium. Methods: Hospitalised patients with delirium were recruited, and delirium motor subtype, severity and duration of delirium were measured. Serum AChE activity was measured using a colorimetric assay. Results: The mean AChE activity for the whole sample was 2.46 μmol/μL/min (standard deviation 1.75). Higher AChE activity was associated with increased likelihood of hypoactive delirium rather than the hyperactive or mixed subtype (odds ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.10-3.59). Conclusion: Higher AChE activity was associated with hypoactive delirium but did not predict outcomes. Simple enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission may not be sufficient to treat delirium.

Automated discrete kinetic method for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Lewis ◽  
R K Lowing ◽  
D Gompertz
Keyword(s):  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Quinidine Sulfate

Abstract We describe an automated kinetic method for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and plasma cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) based on Ellman's colorimetric method. Quinidine sulfate is used as an inhibitor of plasma cholinesterase during the measurement of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity, obviating the need for washing the erythrocytes before lysis. Results by this method are compared with those obtained by the electrometric delta pH method of Michel. To emphasize the need for measuring both erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase activity in workers exposed to organophosphate pesticides, we present a study of serial activities of both enzymes in a person accidentally exposed to demeton-S-methyl.

scholarly journals Sublethal Toxicity of Organophosphate Pesticides and its Effect on Hematology Parameter, Histopatology Hematopoietic Organ of Silver Rasbora (Rasbora argyrotaenia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lailatul - Lutfiyah
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Sublethal Toxicity ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Hematopoietic Organ ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Hematopoietic Organs ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Fish Kidney

Pesticides are pollutants that are found in rice fields and rivers. Pesticides that are often used by farmers in Indonesia in eradicating insects are organophosphate insecticides, where they can eradicate insects that are very toxic to fish due to strong neurotoxic substances that inhibit AchE (Acetylcholinesterase) activity. The research aims to examine the effect of organophosphate pesticides on hematology and histopathology of hematopoietic organs in silver rasbora fish. The research method used is an experimental method with a CRD. The parameters observed were hematology and histopathology hematopoietic organ (liver and kidney). The results of this study showed a hematological change in silver rasbora fish where there was a decrease in total erythrocytes (0,59±0,004) and hemoglobin (2,5±0,1) while total leukocytes increased (245,35±15,78). Also, there are differential changes in leukocytes, namely an increased in the number of monocytes (5±1) and neutrophils (24±3), but lymphocytes have decreased in number (72±1). The Histopathology of the fish liver also can found in this research, those damages that are found are erythrocyte infiltration, necrosis picnosis, and karyolysis. Histopathology of fish kidney also can found cloudy sweling, necrosis karyolysis and tubular necrosis.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

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