Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk of arsenic ingestion via drinking water in Langat River Basin, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaz Farid Ahmed ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar ◽  
Lubna Alam
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Langat River ◽  
Arsenic Ingestion

scholarly journals Predicting Arsenic (As) Exposure on Human Health for Better Management of Drinking Water Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7997
Author(s):  
Minhaz Farid Ahmed ◽  
Chen Kim Lim ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar ◽  
Rd. Puteri Khairani Khirotdin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Langat River

Chemical pollution in the transboundary Langat River in Malaysia is common both from point and non-point sources. Therefore, the water treatment plants (WTPS) at the Langat River Basin have experienced frequent shutdown incidents. However, the Langat River is one of the main sources of drinking water to almost one-third of the population in Selangor state. Meanwhile, several studies have reported a high concentration of Arsenic (As) in the Langat River that is toxic if ingested via drinking water. However, this is a pioneer study that predicts the As concentration in the Langat River based on time-series data from 2005–2014 to estimate the health risk associated with As ingestion via drinking water at the Langat River Basin. Several time-series prediction models were tested and Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT) gained the best result. This GBT model also fits better to predict the As concentration until December 2024. The mean concentration of As in the Langat River for both 2014 and 2024, as well as the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of As ingestion via drinking water, were within the drinking water quality standards proposed by the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health Malaysia. However, the ingestion of trace amounts of As over a long period might be detrimental to human health because of its non-biodegradable characteristics. Therefore, it is important to manage the drinking water sources to minimise As exposure risks to human health.

scholarly journals Household Water Filtration Technology to Ensure Safe Drinking Water Supply in the Langat River Basin, Malaysia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Minhaz Farid Ahmed ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar ◽  
Nuriah Abd Majid
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Langat River

Populations in the Langat River Basin, Malaysia, frequently experience water supply disruption due to the shutdown of water treatment plants (WTPs) mainly from the chemical pollution as well as point and non-point sources of pollution. Therefore, this study investigated the aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) concentrations in the drinking water supply chain at the basin because of its prolonged persistence and toxic characteristics in the aquatic environment. Three replicates of water samples were collected from the river, outlets of WTPs, household tap and filtered water, respectively, in 2015, for analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Higher concentration of these metals was found in household tap water than in the treated water at the WTPs; however, the concentration of these metals at the four stages of the drinking water supply chain conformed to the drinking water quality standard set by the World Health Organization. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests also found that metal concentration removal significantly varied among the eight WTPs as well as the five types of household water filtration systems. With regards to the investigated household filtered water, the distilled filtration system was found to be more effective in removing metal concentration because of better management. Therefore, a two-layer water filtration system could be introduced in the Langat River Basin to obtain safe drinking water supply at the household level.

scholarly journals Recognition of Local Authority for Better Management of Drinking Water at the Langat River Basin, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.30) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaz Farid Ahmed ◽  
Mazlin Mokhtar ◽  
Mohd Lubna Alam ◽  
Goh Choo Ta ◽  
Lee Khai Ern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Local Level ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
Langat River ◽  
The Impact

Integrated Langat River Basin Management lacks appropriate leadership of appropriate agency due to the conflict among jurisdictions since Langat River drains through three different constituency. Meanwhile, pollution of the river and frequent shutdown incidents of water treatment plants in the basin are evident due to both point and non-point sources of pollutions. Moreover, the statistically significant trend of annual rainfall (2005-2016) and temperature (2005-2016) in the basin clearly indicates the impact of climate change because of uncertain rainfall and temperature patterns. Flood incidents (2004-2016) within the basin in comparison with the rainfall and temperature also indicate short duration heavy rainfall at local level to enhance the pollution of the river. Contrary, the review of literature and informal interviews with the public, private and civil sectors highlight the attitude problem of the stakeholders along lack of leadership of LUAS in managing the river and drinking water in the basin. Therefore, the ‘proactive’ leadership of Local Authority under the Local Government Act 1976 could be successful to coordinate with stakeholders through multi stakeholders’ platform and several stages of quality control and quality assurance to manage water resources. The study suggests a new Langat Basin Management Authority under the Local Authority leadership as well as a Two-Layer water filtration technology in basin management. Henceforth, implementing the recommendations will facilitate Malaysia to achieve SDGs 2030 and National Transformation 2050 within the stipulated timeframe.  

The Impact Study of Hexavalent Chromium on the Environmental Safety of the Drinking Water Source from the Jiangsu Section of the Yangtze River Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2976-2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao Sun ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Hai Yan Fan ◽  
Wen Qian Li ◽  
Yun Xin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin

In this paper, a health risk model was used to calculate and analyze the water quality monitoring data of the Yangtze River Basin from 2007 to 2009. The data analysis leads to a conclusion that hexavalent chromium is a major health risk factor of those drinking water sources in the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River basin. Based on the health risk analysis, an environment strategy analysis model and the Dynamic Actor Network Analysis (DANA) software were used to study the optimal strategy on the risk management of chromium contamination of those drinking water sources in the Jiangsu Section of the Yangtze River basin.

scholarly journals Watershed Sustainability Index for Langat UNESCO HELP River Basin, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Rahmah Elfithri ◽  
Mazlin Mokhtar ◽  
Mat Pauzi Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Raihan Taha ◽  
Mohd Ekhwan Toriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
State Response ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Langat River ◽  
Basin Hydrology ◽  
Pressure State

The study on Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) has been conducted to analyst the environmental condition in the area incorporating ecological baseline and socio-economic conditions. WSI is an integrated indicator based on basin Hydrology, Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) state condition. It is suitable to be applied in the Langat River Basin in Malaysia which has similar catchment area (up to 2,350 km2) and is one of the UNESCO HELP River Basin since 2004. The WSI analysis which uses a pressure–state–response function based on basin HELP Indicator was done for Langat River Basin by using relevant available 5 years data for the period of 2009 to 2013. It is found that Langat River Basin is having WSI value of 0.68 which falls under the category of medium sustainability (between 0.5-0.8). Based on the maximum value (i.e. 1) or high sustainability (i.e. WSI value more than 0.8) it can be said that Langat is in the good side in term of sustainability. Few management aspects need to be improved and maintained well to be more sustainable. The assessment provides Langat River Basin with more information that is crucial in managing the basin through the adoption of UNESCO’s HELP Framework.   

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