An assessment of the transmission rate of four pospiviroid species through tomato seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Faggioli ◽  
M. Luigi ◽  
V. Sveikauskas ◽  
T. Olivier ◽  
M. Virscek Marn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Tomato Seeds

scholarly journals Health quality and reduction of pathogenic transmission in tomato seeds using plant extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((04) 2019) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
Mônica Shirley Brasil dos Santos e Silva ◽  
Antônia Alice Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Erlen Keila Candido e Silva ◽  
Anna Christina Sanazário de Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo de Jesus Machado Gois de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Health Test

The objective of the present study was to assess the seed health quality, quantification of seed-seedling pathogen transmission and the effect of plant extracts in reducing plant pathogens in the seeds of the tomato varieties San Marzano and Ipa 6. For the seed health, the samples were disinfested, plated and assessed after seven days, according to the Brazilian Seed Analysis Rule. For the transmission rate, 12 trays were prepared with 100 seeds each and assessed at 7, 14 and 21 d.a.s. (days after seeding) using 100 seedlings. The plant (main root, stalk and leaves) tissues were plated in PDA culture medium and assessed after seven days of incubation. Aqueous extracts were prepared from cinnamon, basil, neem and eucalyptus with 0.5% concentration and the seeds were immersed in each solution for 10 minutes. Then, they plated and assessed after seven days. The health test showed that biggest incidences of Aspergillus fumigatus (26 %) and Aspergillus flavus (26 %) were occurred in the seeds of the varieties Ipa 6 and San Marzano, respectively. The fungi A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, R. stolonifer and Curvularia sp. were detected in quantification of transmission in the seeds of the two tomato varieties. The treatment with basil extract resulted in the least fungus incidence in the transmission quantification of ‘San Marzano’ tomato seeds, while on Ipa 6 seeds the eucalyptus treatment performed better. The interference of treatments was not observed in tomato seed germination. However, there was decrease in incident of pathogens in seeds treated with the plant extracts and different effects was observed based on type and species of the pathogen.

Localization and mechanical transmission of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in tomato seeds

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidà Mohammed Salem ◽  
Abdullah Sulaiman ◽  
Nezar Samarah ◽  
Massimo Turina ◽  
Marta Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Tomato Seeds

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), belonging to the genus Tobamovirus, is a highly virulent emerging virus, causing disease outbreaks and significant crop losses worldwide. The growing number of ToBRFV epidemic episodes prompted the investigation of the role of seeds in the dissemination of the virus as an important aspect in the overall disease management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the localization of ToBRFV within tomato seeds and to evaluate its seed transmission characteristics. Seeds extracted from naturally ToBRFV-infected tomato fruits were tested for the presence of the virus using serological, molecular, and biological assays. Three immunolocalization techniques were used to determine the localization and distribution of ToBRFV within the different tissues and parts of tomato seeds. To evaluate seed transmission of ToBRFV, two grow-out experiments were conducted to assess the rate of both vertical (seeds to progeny seedlings) and possible horizontal transmission (plant to plant) based on serological and molecular assays. Seeds extracted from ToBRFV-infected fruits had a 100% contamination rate. The localization of ToBRFV in tomato seeds is only external on the seed coat (testa). Seed transmission rate from seeds to their seedlings was very low (0.08%), while no transmission was recorded from plants to plants in a small-scale greenhouse experimental setup. In conclusion, ToBRFV is a seed-borne virus located externally on tomato seed coat and transmitted mechanically from ToBRFV-contaminated tomato seeds to seedlings which could initiate a disease foci and eventually drive further dissemination and spread of the disease in a new growing area.

scholarly journals Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus: Seed Transmission Rate and Efficacy of Different Seed Disinfection Treatments

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Salvatore Davino ◽  
Andrea Giovanni Caruso ◽  
Sofia Bertacca ◽  
Stefano Barone ◽  
Stefano Panno
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Seeds Germination

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a highly infectious virus, that is becoming a threat to tomato production worldwide. In this work we evaluated the localization of ToBRFV particles in tomato seeds, its seed transmission rate and efficacy of disinfection, and the effects of different thermal- and chemical-based treatments on ToBRFV-infected seeds’ germination. Analyses demonstrated that ToBRFV was located in the seed coat, sometime in the endosperm, but never in the embryo; its transmission from infected seeds to plantlets occurs by micro-lesions during the germination. The ToBRFV seed transmission rate was 2.8% in cotyledons and 1.8% in the third true leaf. Regarding the different disinfection treatments, they returned 100% of germination at 14 days post-treatment (dpt), except for the treatment with 2% hydrochloric acid +1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 24 h, for which no seed germinated after 14 dpt. All treatments have the ability to inactivate ToBRFV, but in six out of seven treatments ToBRFV was still detectable by RT-qPCR. These results raise many questions about the correct way to carry out diagnosis at customs. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the effective localization of ToBRFV particles in seeds.

scholarly journals Transmission rate of two Polish Tomato torrado virus isolates through tomato seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
Natalia Rymelska ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals An assessment of the transmission rate of Tomato black ring virus through tomato seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
Bartosz Czerwonka ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Wide Range

Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) infects a wide range of economically important plants, and is distributed worldwide. TBRV is transmitted by soil-inhabiting nematodes. However, a long-distance dispersion is possible via seeds and pollen. In this study, we provided evidence that virus can be efficiently transmitted through tomato seeds. Three tomato varieties (Beta Lux, Grace and Money Maker) and four genetically diverse TBRV isolates collected originally from different hosts were used in the experiments. The seedlings were grown in an insect-proof glasshouse and the presence of TBRV was verified by immunoassay (ELISA). The seed transmission was significantly dependent on tomato cultivar and virus isolate ranging from 1.69% up to 14.57%. Bioassays using Chenopodium quinoa plants confirmed the presence of infectious virus in the seeds.

Interfacing of a TEM/STEM System to a Computer

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
P. Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Signal Beam ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
External Control ◽  
Computer Input ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

The use of computers in the analytical electron microscopy today shows three different trends (1) automated image analysis with dedicated computer systems, (2) instrument control by microprocessors and (3) data acquisition and processing e.g. X-ray or EEL Spectroscopy.While image analysis in the T.E.M. usually needs a television chain to get a sequential transmission suitable as computer input, the STEM system already has this necessary facility. For the EM400T-STEM system therefore an interface was developed, that allows external control of the beam deflection in TEM as well as the control of the STEM probe and video signal/beam brightness on the STEM screen.The interface sends and receives analogue signals so that the transmission rate is determined by the convertors in the actual computer periphery.

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