Comparison of viral infection risk between organic and conventional crops of tomato in Spain

Objective. To describe clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital.Children characteristics and research methods. The authors carried out a retrospective observational study, which included 204 children admitted to the Kazan hospital with a diagnosis of “new coronavirus infection” in the period from May 1 to October 30, 2020.Results. It was revealed that all hospitalized children had RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (100%) in a smear from the nasopharynx and oropharynx detected by PCR and only 50% of patients were diagnosed with lung tissue lesions by computed tomography. The clinical picture of COVID-19 in children most often corresponds to the classic manifestations of a respiratory viral infection. Risk factors for the development of severe forms, described in adults, were recorded only in isolated cases in our study.Conclusion. The clinical picture of COVID-19 in children most often corresponds to the classic manifestations of a respiratory viral infection. Risk factors for the development of severe forms, described in adults, were recorded in isolated cases in our study.

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Deducing the Dose-response Relation for Coronaviruses from COVID-19, SARS and MERS Meta-analysis Results

10.1101/2020.06.26.20140624 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaole Zhang ◽

Jing Wang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Priori ◽

Exposure Dose ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Shed Light

AbstractThe fundamental dose-response relation is still missing for better evaluating and controlling the transmission risk of COVID-19. A recent study by Chu et al. has indicated that the anticipated probability of viral infection is about 12.8% within 1 m and about 2.6% at further distance through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This important information provides us a unique opportunity to assess the dose-response relation of the viruses, if reasonable exposure dose could be estimated. Here we developed a simple framework to integrate the a priori dose-response relation for SARS-CoV based on mice experiments, and the recent data on infection risk and viral shedding, to shed light on the dose-response relation for human. The developed dose-response relation is an exponential function with a constant k in the range of 6.19×104 to 7.28×105 virus copies. The result mean that the infection risk caused by one virus copy in viral shedding is about 1.5×10−6 to 1.6×10−5. The developed dose-response relation provides a tool to quantify the magnitude of the infection risk.

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A bacteriophage recovery methodology for indoor airborne viral infection risk assessment

10.14711/thesis-b1084094 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Fang Wei

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Infection Risk

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SARS-CoV-2 infection risk assessment in the endometrium: viral infection-related gene expression across the menstrual cycle

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 223-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ismael Henarejos-Castillo ◽

Patricia Sebastian-Leon ◽

Almudena Devesa-Peiro ◽

Antonio Pellicer ◽

Patricia Diaz-Gimeno

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Related Gene

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Linking Behavior, Co-infection Patterns, and Viral Infection Risk With the Whole Gastrointestinal Helminth Community Structure in Mastomys natalensis

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.669058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Bram Vanden Broecke ◽

Lisse Bernaerts ◽

Alexis Ribas ◽

Vincent Sluydts ◽

Ladslaus Mnyone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Environmental Stochasticity ◽

Mastomys Natalensis ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽

Related Factors ◽

Animal Populations ◽

Exploration Behavior

Infection probability, load, and community structure of helminths varies strongly between and within animal populations. This can be ascribed to environmental stochasticity or due to individual characteristics of the host such as their age or sex. Other, but understudied, factors are the hosts' behavior and co-infection patterns. In this study, we used the multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) as a model system to investigate how the hosts' sex, age, exploration behavior, and viral infection history affects their infection risk, parasitic load, and community structure of gastrointestinal helminths. We hypothesized that the hosts' exploration behavior would play a key role in the risk for infection by different gastrointestinal helminths, whereby highly explorative individuals would have a higher infection risk leading to a wider diversity of helminths and a larger load compared to less explorative individuals. Fieldwork was performed in Morogoro, Tanzania, where we trapped a total of 214 individual mice. Their exploratory behavior was characterized using a hole-board test after which we collected the helminths inside their gastrointestinal tract. During our study, we found helminths belonging to eight different genera: Hymenolepis sp., Protospirura muricola, Syphacia sp., Trichuris mastomysi, Gongylonema sp., Pterygodermatites sp., Raillietina sp., and Inermicapsifer sp. and one family: Trichostrongylidae. Hierarchical modeling of species communities (HMSC) was used to investigate the effect of the different host-related factors on the infection probability, parasite load, and community structure of these helminths. Our results show that species richness was higher in adults and in females compared to juveniles and males, respectively. Contrary to our expectations, we found that less explorative individuals had higher infection probability with different helminths resulting in a higher diversity, which could be due to a higher exposure rate to these helminths and/or behavioral modification due to the infection.

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Modeling Surface Disinfection Needs To Meet Microbial Risk Reduction Targets

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00709-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amanda M. Wilson ◽

Kelly A. Reynolds ◽

Jonathan D. Sexton ◽

Robert A. Canales

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Surface Concentration ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Surface Cleaning ◽

Surface Disinfection ◽

Influenza A Virus Infection

ABSTRACTNosocomial viral infections are an important cause of health care-acquired infections where fomites have a role in transmission. Using stochastic modeling to quantify the effects of surface disinfection practices on nosocomial pathogen exposures and infection risk can inform cleaning practices. The purpose of this study was to predict the effect of surface disinfection on viral infection risks and to determine needed viral reductions to achieve risk targets. Rotavirus, rhinovirus, and influenza A virus infection risks for two cases were modeled. Case 1 utilized a single fomite contact approach, while case 2 assumed 6 h of contact activities. A 94.1% viral reduction on surfaces and hands was measured following a single cleaning round using an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered disinfectant in an urgent care facility. This value was used to model the effect of a surface disinfection intervention on infection risk. Risk reductions for other surface-cleaning efficacies were also simulated. Surface reductions required to achieve risk probability targets were estimated. Under case 1 conditions, a 94.1% reduction in virus surface concentration reduced infection risks by 94.1%. Under case 2 conditions, a 94.1% reduction on surfaces resulted in median viral infection risks being reduced by 92.96 to 94.1% and an influenza A virus infection risk below one in a million. Surface concentration in the equations was highly correlated with dose and infection risk outputs. For rotavirus and rhinovirus, a >99.99% viral surface reduction would be needed to achieve a one-in-a-million risk target. This study quantifies reductions of infection risk relative to surface disinfectant use and demonstrates that risk targets for low-infectious-dose organisms may be more challenging to achieve.IMPORTANCEIt is known that the use of EPA-registered surface disinfectant sprays can reduce infection risk if used according to the manufacturer's instructions. However, there are currently no standards for health care environments related to contamination levels on surfaces. The significance of this research is in quantifying needed reductions to meet various risk targets using realistic viral concentrations on surfaces for health care environments. This research informs the design of cleaning protocols by demonstrating that multiple applications may be needed to reduce risk and by highlighting a need for more models exploring the relationship among microbial contamination of surfaces, patient and health care worker behaviors, and infection risks.

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