Seaweeds as bioindicators of heavy metals off a hot spot area on the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast during 2008–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (9) ◽  
pp. 5865-5881 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Shams El-Din ◽  
L. I. Mohamedein ◽  
Kh. M. El-Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Spot Area

The Microstructure of Fused Cast AZS Materials before, during and after the Use for Glass Melting

2008 ◽  
Vol 39-40 ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
Bernhard Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Glass Furnace ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Vitreous Phase ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Furnace Campaign ◽  
Three Phases

A part of a soldier block, placed in a float glass furnace near the hot spot area, was investigated to learn about the changes in the microstructure during the production of the block, during the use for glass melting and after the shut down of the furnace and the cooling of the block. Beside the three phases after the production (baddeleyite, corundum, vitreous phase) during use as a soldier block mullite and secondary corundum as well as secondary zirconia may occure. Cooling down the used block after the furnace campaign the beginning of the crystallisation of feldspars may be seen.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Differentiation of the School-Age Migrant Population in Liaoning Province, China, and Its Driving Factors

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Wenwen Xu ◽  
Chunrui Song ◽  
Dongqi Sun ◽  
Baochu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
School Age ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Quality Of Teaching

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of the floating school-age population in Liaoning Province, China from 2008 to 2020 using county-level statistical education data combined with spatial autocorrelation and the multiscale geographically weighted regression model. The major findings are as follows. From 2008 to 2020, the distribution of the school-age migrant population exhibited obvious spatial imbalance characteristics both in terms of the number and proportion of school-age migrants. Specifically, the school-age migrant population was concentrated in the municipal districts of large and medium-sized cities and continued to increase over time in the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities. Over the past 12 years, the distribution of the school-age migrant population in Liaoning Province exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation. From the number of school-age migrants, the cold and hot spot area expanded. Conversely, from the proportion of school-age migrants, the cold and hot spot area decreased gradually, whereas the cold spot area became more diffuse. Regarding the driving factors, the quantity and quality of teaching staff, the quality of teaching equipment and conditions, and the quality of the education environment played a role in promoting or restraining the differentiation of the school-age migrant population in Liaoning Province. Moreover, the degree of influence of the driving factors exhibited substantial spatial differences.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Badger (Meles meles) Spatial Ecology in a Hot-Spot Area in Atlantic Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelayo Acevedo ◽  
Miguel Prieto ◽  
Pablo Quirós ◽  
Isabel Merediz ◽  
Lucía de Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Cattle Herds

We provide a temporal overview (from 2012 to 2018) of the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in the cattle and badger populations in a hot-spot in Asturias (Atlantic Spain). We also study the badger’s spatial ecology from an epidemiological perspective in order to describe hazardous behavior in relation to TB transmission between cattle and badgers. Culture and single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) were available for cattle as part of the National Program for the Eradication of TB. A field survey was also carried out in order to determine the paddocks and buildings used by each farm, and the information obtained was stored by using geographic information systems. Moreover, eighty-three badgers were submitted for necropsy and subsequent bacteriological studies. Ten badgers were also tracked, using global positioning system (GPS) collars. The prevalence of TB in cattle herds in the hot-spot increased from 2.2% in 2012 to 20% in 2016; it then declined to 0.0% in 2018. In contrast, the TB prevalence in badgers increased notably (from 5.55% in 2012–2015 to 10.64% in 2016–2018). Both cattle and badgers shared the same strain of Mycobacterium bovis. The collared badgers preferred paddocks used by TB-positive herds in spring and summer (when they were more active). The males occupied larger home ranges than the females (Khr95: males 149.78 ± 25.84 ha and females 73.37 ± 22.91 ha; Kcr50: males 29.83 ± 5.69 ha and females 13.59 ± 5.00 ha), and the home ranges were smaller in autumn and winter than in summer. The averages of the index of daily and maximum distances traveled by badgers were 1.88 ± (SD) 1.20 km and 1.99 ± 0.71 km, respectively. One of them presented a dispersive behavior with a maximum range of 18.3 km. The most preferred habitat was apple orchards in all seasons, with the exception of winter, in which they preferred pastures. Land uses and landscape structure, which have been linked with certain livestock-management practices, provide a scenario of great potential for badger–cattle interactions, thus enhancing the importance of the badgers’ ecology, which could potentially transmit TB back to cattle in the future.

scholarly journals Spatial Structure Characteristics of Slope Farmland Quality in Plateau Mountain Area: A Case Study of Yunnan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7230
Author(s):  
Zhengfa Chen ◽  
Dongmei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Slope Farmland ◽  
Southern Fringe

As an important part of farmland, the slope farmland is widely distributed in the central and western plateau mountain region in China. It is necessary to scientifically evaluate the slope farmland quality (SFQ) and analyze the spatial structure characteristics of SFQ to ensure reasonable utilization and partition protection of slope farmland resources. This paper takes the typical plateau mountain region—Yunnan Province in China—as an example and systematically identifies the leading factors of SFQ. The sloping integrated fertility index (SIFI) is adopted to reflect the SFQ. The evaluation system is built to quantitatively evaluate the SFQ and the spatial structure characteristics of SFQ were analyzed by a geostatistical model, autocorrelation analysis and spatial cold–hot spot analysis. The results show that the SFQ indexes in Yunnan Province are between 0.36 and 0.81, with a mean of 0.59. The SFQ grade is based on sixth-class, fifth-class, seventh-class and fourth-class land. The SFQ indexes present a normal spatial distribution, and the Gaussian model fits well with the semi-variance function of the spatial distribution of SFQ indexes. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of SFQ indexes is moderately autocorrelated. The structural factors play a major role in the spatial heterogeneity of SFQ indexes, but the influence of random factors should not be ignored. The spatial distribution of SFQ grades has a significant spatial aggregation characteristic, and the types of local indicators of spatial association (LISA) are based on high–high (HH) aggregation and low–low (LL) aggregation. The cold spot and hot spot distributions of SFQ grades display the significant spatial difference. The hot spot area is mainly distributed in Central Yunnan and the Southern Fringe, while the cold spot area mainly distributes in the Northeastern Yunnan, Northwestern Yunnan and Southwestern Yunnan. This study could provide a scientific basis for SFQ management and ecological environment protection in the plateau mountain region.

Digital Microfluidic Device Using Ionic Liquids for Electronic Hotspot Cooling

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejin Moon ◽  
Shreyas Bindiganavale ◽  
Yasith Nanayakkara ◽  
Daniel W. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Sessile Droplet ◽  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Digital Microfluidic

Thermal management in electronics become more challenging as the size of electronics decreases, yet, the heat generated from electronics still increases. To enhance cooling efficiency of conventional cooling schemes such as heat pipes, we experimentally present a use of electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidic technique to force the cooling liquid medium to move to hot spot area. In this paper, firstly, two different EWOD devices were compared in their cooling performance. One is a system using one plane device and sessile droplet of cooling medium and the other is a system using two parallel planes and liquid is sandwiched in between. Secondly, two types of liquids were used and compared as the cooling medium. De-ionized (DI) water and room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) have been investigated. RTILs are thermally stable thanks to their low vapor pressure. In addition to thermal stability, RTIL can be tailored task specifically by altering cations and anions. Different experiments were conducted to study the capacity of IL’s to change the surface temperature of the hotspot generated and this was compared with that of DI water. The latter showed higher capacity to remove heat, while evaporation problem was predominant in the sandwiched setup. Three different ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or [BMIM]Cl, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide or [BMIM]Ntf2, and [CMIM]FeCl4 showed less effect on changing the surface temperature compared to water. It is due to generally lower heat conductivity and higher viscosity of ILs than water. However, RTILs showed high thermal stability by resulting in no evaporation during cooling process while water had vigorous evaporation. Nanofluid of RTIL and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) mixture has been tested as the first step toward enhancing thermal conductivity of RTIL.

scholarly journals The Shoreline Retreat and Spatial Analysis over the Coastal Water of Belawan

INSIST ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perwira Mulia Tarigan ◽  
Wiwin Nurzanah
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Shoreline Retreat ◽  
Bruun Rule ◽  
Spot Area

Abstract – An examination of shoreline retreat is conducted over the muddy coast in the vicinities of the port of Belawan. The related sea level rise is estimated using the well-known Bruun Rule based on the characteristics of mud profile prevalent along the eastern coast of North Sumatera Province. The spatial analysis involved is done utilizing the concept and procedure of GIS. The averaged shoreline retreat over the hot spot area of erosion, i.e. 18 m per year, implies that the relative rate of sea level rise is in the range of 14 to 18 mm per year, indicating an extremely severe rate. In addition, three other cases of simple GIS applications related to coastal water of the port are spatially demonstrated.  Keywords –  coastal water, coastal erosion, sea level rise, and GIS

scholarly journals Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of a semienclosed basin in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.M. ABDALLAH
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Surficial Sediments ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Alexandria City

The distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Alexandria City Eastern Harbour (Mediterranean coast of Egypt) were investigated. Surface sediments (in the <63mm fraction) collected from 12 sites representing the entire area of the harbour, were analyzed by AAS for Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb and Al. Metal contents were compared with literature data to assess the pollution status of sediments. Enrichment factors (EFs) and the geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) were calculated as a criterion of possible contamination.

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