scholarly journals Spatial Structure Characteristics of Slope Farmland Quality in Plateau Mountain Area: A Case Study of Yunnan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7230
Author(s):  
Zhengfa Chen ◽  
Dongmei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Slope Farmland ◽  
Southern Fringe

As an important part of farmland, the slope farmland is widely distributed in the central and western plateau mountain region in China. It is necessary to scientifically evaluate the slope farmland quality (SFQ) and analyze the spatial structure characteristics of SFQ to ensure reasonable utilization and partition protection of slope farmland resources. This paper takes the typical plateau mountain region—Yunnan Province in China—as an example and systematically identifies the leading factors of SFQ. The sloping integrated fertility index (SIFI) is adopted to reflect the SFQ. The evaluation system is built to quantitatively evaluate the SFQ and the spatial structure characteristics of SFQ were analyzed by a geostatistical model, autocorrelation analysis and spatial cold–hot spot analysis. The results show that the SFQ indexes in Yunnan Province are between 0.36 and 0.81, with a mean of 0.59. The SFQ grade is based on sixth-class, fifth-class, seventh-class and fourth-class land. The SFQ indexes present a normal spatial distribution, and the Gaussian model fits well with the semi-variance function of the spatial distribution of SFQ indexes. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of SFQ indexes is moderately autocorrelated. The structural factors play a major role in the spatial heterogeneity of SFQ indexes, but the influence of random factors should not be ignored. The spatial distribution of SFQ grades has a significant spatial aggregation characteristic, and the types of local indicators of spatial association (LISA) are based on high–high (HH) aggregation and low–low (LL) aggregation. The cold spot and hot spot distributions of SFQ grades display the significant spatial difference. The hot spot area is mainly distributed in Central Yunnan and the Southern Fringe, while the cold spot area mainly distributes in the Northeastern Yunnan, Northwestern Yunnan and Southwestern Yunnan. This study could provide a scientific basis for SFQ management and ecological environment protection in the plateau mountain region.

scholarly journals The geno-spatio analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in hot and cold spots of Guangxi, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwen Lin ◽  
Zhezhe Cui ◽  
Virasakdi Virasakdi ◽  
Prasit Palittapongarnpim ◽  
Angkana Chaiprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Cold Spots ◽  
Genomic Clusters

Abstract Background At present, there are few studies on polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) gene and how it affects the TB epidemic. Objective This study aimed to document the differences of polymorphisms between tuberculosis hot and cold spot areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Methods The cold and hot spot areas, each with 3 counties, had been pre-identified by TB incidence for 5 years from the surveillance database. Whole genome sequencing analysis was performed on all sputum Mtb isolates from the detected cases during January and June 2018. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of each isolate compared to the H37Rv strain were called and used for lineage and sub-lineage identification. Pairwise SNP differences between every pair of isolates were computed. Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) across counties of the same hot or cold spot area and between the two areas were performed. Results As a whole, 59.8% (57.7% sub-lineage 2.2 and 2.1% sub-lineage 2.1) and 39.8% (17.8% sub-lineage 4.4, 6.5% sub-lineage 4.2 and 15.5% sub-lineage 4.5) of the Mtb strains were Lineage 2 and Lineage 4 respectively. The percentages of sub-lineage 2.2 (Beijing family strains) are significantly higher in hot spots. Through the MDS dimension reduction, the genomic population structure in the three hot spot counties is significantly different from those three cold spot counties (T-test p = 0.05). The median of SNPs distances among Mtb isolates in cold spots was greater than that in hot spots (897 vs 746, Rank-sum test p < 0.001). Three genomic clusters, each with genomic distance ≤ 12 SNPs, were identified with 2, 3 and 4 consanguineous strains. Two clusters were from hot spots and one was from cold spots.Conclusion Narrower genotype diversity in the hot area may indicate higher transmissibility of the Mtb strains in the area compared to those in the cold spot area.

scholarly journals The geno-spatio analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in hot and cold spots of Guangxi, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwen Lin ◽  
Zhezhe Cui ◽  
Virasakdi Virasakdi ◽  
Prasit Palittapongarnpim ◽  
Angkana Chaiprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Cold Spots ◽  
Genomic Clusters

Abstract Background At present, there are few studies on polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) gene and how it affects the TB epidemic. This study aimed to document the differences of polymorphisms between tuberculosis hot and cold spot areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Methods The cold and hot spot areas, each with 3 counties, had been pre-identified by TB incidence for 5 years from the surveillance database. Whole genome sequencing analysis was performed on all sputum Mtb isolates from the detected cases during January and June 2018. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of each isolate compared to the H37Rv strain were called and used for lineage and sub-lineage identification. Pairwise SNP differences between every pair of isolates were computed. Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) across counties of the same hot or cold spot area and between the two areas were performed. Results As a whole, 59.8% (57.7% sub-lineage 2.2 and 2.1% sub-lineage 2.1) and 39.8% (17.8% sub-lineage 4.4, 6.5% sub-lineage 4.2 and 15.5% sub-lineage 4.5) of the Mtb strains were Lineage 2 and Lineage 4 respectively. The percentages of sub-lineage 2.2 (Beijing family strains) are significantly higher in hot spots. Through the MDS dimension reduction, the genomic population structure in the three hot spot counties is significantly different from those three cold spot counties (T-test p = 0.05). The median of SNPs distances among Mtb isolates in cold spots was greater than that in hot spots (897 vs 746, Rank-sum test p < 0.001). Three genomic clusters, each with genomic distance ≤ 12 SNPs, were identified with 2, 3 and 4 consanguineous strains. Two clusters were from hot spots and one was from cold spots. Conclusion Narrower genotype diversity in the hot area may indicate higher transmissibility of the Mtb strains in the area compared to those in the cold spot area.

scholarly journals The geno-spatio analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in hot and cold spots of Guangxi, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwen Lin ◽  
Zhezhe Cui ◽  
Virasakdi Virasakdi ◽  
Prasit Palittapongarnpim ◽  
Angkana Chaiprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Cold Spots ◽  
Genomic Clusters

Abstract Background At present, there are few studies on polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) gene and how it affects the TB epidemic. This study aimed to document the differences of polymorphisms between tuberculosis hot and cold spot areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Methods The cold and hot spot areas, each with 3 counties, had been pre-identified by TB incidence for 5 years from the surveillance database. Whole genome sequencing analysis was performed on all sputum Mtb isolates from the detected cases during January and June 2018. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of each isolate compared to the H37Rv strain were called and used for lineage and sub-lineage identification. Pairwise SNP differences between every pair of isolates were computed. Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) across counties of the same hot or cold spot area and between the two areas were performed. Results As a whole, 59.8% (57.7% sub-lineage 2.2 and 2.1% sub-lineage 2.1) and 39.8% (17.8% sub-lineage 4.4, 6.5% sub-lineage 4.2 and 15.5% sub-lineage 4.5) of the Mtb strains were Lineage 2 and Lineage 4 respectively. The percentages of sub-lineage 2.2 (Beijing family strains) are significantly higher in hot spots. Through the MDS dimension reduction, the genomic population structure in the three hot spot counties is significantly different from those three cold spot counties (T-test p = 0.05). The median of SNPs distances among Mtb isolates in cold spots was greater than that in hot spots (897 vs 746, Rank-sum test p < 0.001). Three genomic clusters, each with genomic distance ≤ 12 SNPs, were identified with 2, 3 and 4 consanguineous strains. Two clusters were from hot spots and one was from cold spots. Conclusion Narrower genotype diversity in the hot area may indicate higher transmissibility of the Mtb strains in the area compared to those in the cold spot area.

Geographic distribution of livestock products in China- an application of spatial autocorrelation analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Gan ◽  
Xisheng HU
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Livestock Products

The rapid increase in the livestock industry in China in recent two decades has played an important role in the livelihoods of people and has become a very significant issue in terms of sustainable animal food supply chains. Knowledge gaps in the geographic distribution may hinder the sustainable development of livestock industry. This paper investigates the spatial distribution in the outputs of livestock products (meat, milk and egg, respectively) in China using exploratory spatial data analysis. This method is a set of GIS spatial statistical techniques that are useful in describing and visualizing the spatial distribution, detecting patterns of hot-spots, and suggesting spatial regimes. The global Moran’s I statistics for the three products reveal strong positive and significant spatial autocorrelation. Furthermore, the Moran significance maps indicate four hot-spots (North-eastern cluster, Northern Coast cluster, Central Inland cluster and Southern cluster) and one cold-spot (Western cluster) in the meat product distribution, one large hot-spot (Northern cluster) and one large cold-spot (South-central cluster) for the milk product, four relatively small hot-spots (North-eastern cluster, Northern Coast cluster, Eastern Coast cluster and Central Inland cluster) and one large cold-spot (Western cluster) for the egg product. Based on the results, we show that livestock products are polarized into clusters and the outputs of the products tend to be reducing from east to west and from north to south China. Implications are drawn, such as priority of resource allocations for hot-spot area in terms of animal-source food security and the utilization of spillover effects from hot-spots.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and Determinants of Optimal ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Further analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemenu Tessema Tadesse ◽  
Yaregal Animut Babel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Health Institutions

Abstract Background Antenatal care (ANC) is essential to improve maternal and newborn health and wellbeing. Antenatal care coverage is improving in Africa, since over two-thirds of pregnant women have at least one ANC contact. However, to realize the complete life-saving potential that ANC guarantees for mothers and babies, four visits providing essential proof based mostly interventions square measure neededObjective The aim of this study was to identify determinants for Optimal ANC visit and its spatial distribution among pregnant women in Ethiopia.Method This study was based on 2016 Ethiopia Demography and Health Survey. Individual women record (IR) file was used to extract the data and 8,025 pregnant women were included in the final analysis. The binary response variable considered in this study indicated whether women completed an optimal ANC visit or not from skilled health care provider and coded as 1/0. Sata14 and ArcGIS10.1 software’s were used for analysis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was fitted to identify factors associated with an optimal ANC visit. Crude and Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI computed to assess the strength of association between independent and outcome variables.Results This study revealed that rural residence (AOR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.45-0.77),male partners educational status[secondary school (AOR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.05-1.67)], distance to the health institutions[not a big problem (AOR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.39)], community level literacy(AOR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.03-1.12), and community level service utilization(AOR=2.67,95%CI:2.21-3.24) were significantly associated with optimal ANC visits. Hot spot areas are observed in Addis Ababa, Tigray Region Harari and Dire Dawa, which means an optimal ANC visit well in these regions and cold spot area.Conclusion Living in peripheral regions of the country and in rural areas, lower educational status of male partners, and distance to health institutions were prohibiting factors for adequate number of visits. In this study community level literacy and community level service utilizations were also affect women’s’ ANC utilization which implies community level interventions should be considered for improving antenatal care utilization and better health outcomes. The government should be should give spatial attention regions like Afar, Amhara, Oromia Benishangul, SNNP and Somalia which had low optimal ANC visit

scholarly journals Mapping Panax Notoginseng Plantations by Using an Integrated Pixel- and Object-Based (IPOB) Approach and ZY-3 Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2184
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Yang ◽  
Jinwei Dong ◽  
Weili Kou ◽  
Yuanwei Qin ◽  
Xiangming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Target Class ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Iteration Analysis

Plantations of Panax notoginseng (PN), traditional herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases, are expanding rapidly in China, especially in the Yunnan province of China, due to its increasing demands and prices and causing dramatic environmental concerns. However, existing information on its planting area and spatial distribution are limited. Here, we mapped the PN planting area by using a new integrated pixel- and object-based (IPOB) approach, the Random Forest (RF) classifier, and the high-resolution ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) imagery. We improved the procedures of classification in three aspects: (1) a new spectral index—Normalized Difference PN Index (NDPI)—was proposed, (2) the efficiency and scale of segmentation were optimized by using the Bi-level Scale-sets Model (BSM), and (3) feature variables were selected through an iteration analysis from 99 feature variables (spectral, textural, geometric, and geographic). Compared with the pixel- and the object-based methods, the IPOB has the highest F1 score of 0.98 and also has high robustness in terms of user and producer accuracies (97% and 99%, respectively), following by the object-based method (F1 = 0.94) and the pixel-based method (F1 = 0.93). The high accuracy was expected since the target class has very distinctive spectral and textural characteristics. Although all three approaches showed reasonably high accuracies due to the application of the NDPI and optimized procedures, the result showed the outperformance of the proposed IPOB approach. The framework established in this study expects to apply for regional or national PN surveys extensively. The information on the area and spatial distribution of PN can guide the government on policy making for the planting and exporting of traditional Chinese medicine resources.

The Microstructure of Fused Cast AZS Materials before, during and after the Use for Glass Melting

2008 ◽  
Vol 39-40 ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
Bernhard Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Glass Furnace ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Vitreous Phase ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Furnace Campaign ◽  
Three Phases

A part of a soldier block, placed in a float glass furnace near the hot spot area, was investigated to learn about the changes in the microstructure during the production of the block, during the use for glass melting and after the shut down of the furnace and the cooling of the block. Beside the three phases after the production (baddeleyite, corundum, vitreous phase) during use as a soldier block mullite and secondary corundum as well as secondary zirconia may occure. Cooling down the used block after the furnace campaign the beginning of the crystallisation of feldspars may be seen.

Plant induced spatial distribution of nematodes in a semi-natural grassland

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Nematode Fauna

AbstractThis study describes the nematode community in a semi-natural grassland and investigates if certain individual plant species can cause a spatial structure in the nematode fauna. Nematode communities were analysed in soil under Trifolium repens, Festuca ovina and from randomly taken samples. Seventy-nine nematode genera were identified. Some of the species found have not previously been reported from Sweden. Multivariate analysis separated the nematode communities associated with the two selected plant species from each other, and several individual nematode genera differed in abundance between the plant species. Trifolium repens supported greater populations of the plant feeder Tylenchorhynchus and the bacterial feeders Eucephalobus, Chiloplacus, Eumonhystera and Panagrolaimus, but fewer numbers of the bacterial feeder Achromadora. Soil under F. ovina contained more nematodes from the family Alaimidae. A comparison is given with other studies from grassland systems in Sweden.

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