scholarly journals Towards standard methods for the classification of aquatic toxicity for biologically active household chemicals (BAHC) present in plastics, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Beiras
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Household Chemicals

AbstractA standard method to test the aquatic toxicity of biologically active household chemicals (BAHC), including those with very low water solubility, is proposed. The method uses the common marine models Paracentrotus lividus embryos and Acartia clausi larvae, in order to advance towards derivation of water quality criteria for these emerging pollutants that currently lack environmental standards. Depending on the water solubility and octanol–water partition coefficient (Kow) of the substance, the protocol consists of testing the toxicity of the substances by serial dilutions of water stocks, dimethyl-sulfoxide stocks, or 100 mg/L lixiviates in seawater. When this method is applied to eleven model BAHC, the pharmaceutical fluoxetine, the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, and the UV filters broadly present in cosmetics octocrylene and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, are classified as very toxic to aquatic life, since their EC50 values are < 1 mg/L. In general, both biological models, P. lividus and A. clausi, yield the same classification of the substances tested, but variations in the classification of aquatic toxicity depending on methodological aspects are discussed. The use of A. clausi nauplii provides more protecting value to the toxicity parameters obtained by using this protocol. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Geochemical and biological controls on the ecological relevance of total, dissolved, and colloidal forms of trace elements in large boreal rivers: review and case studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
C.W. Cuss ◽  
C.N. Glover ◽  
M.B. Javed ◽  
A. Nagel ◽  
W. Shotyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Athabasca River ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Boreal Rivers

The concentrations of trace elements (TEs) in large boreal rivers can fluctuate markedly due to changing water levels and flow rates associated with spring melt and variable contributions from tributaries and groundwaters, themselves having different compositions. These fluctuating and frequently high concentrations create regulatory challenges for protecting aquatic life. For example, water quality criteria do not account for changes in flow regimes that can result in TE levels that may exceed regulatory limits, and neither do they account for the markedly different lability and bioaccessibility of suspended solids. This review addresses the geochemical and biological processes that govern the lability and bioaccessibility of TEs in boreal rivers, with an emphasis on the challenges posed by the colloidal behaviour of many TEs, and their relationship to the dissolved fraction (i.e., <0.45 μm in size). After reviewing the processes and dynamics that give rise to the forms and behaviour of TEs in large boreal rivers, their relevance for aquatic organisms and the associated relationships between size and lability and bioaccessibility are discussed. The importance of biological variables and different forms of TEs for limiting lability and bioaccessibility are also addressed. Two case studies emphasize seasonal fluctuations and accompanying changes in the distribution of TE amongst different size fractions and associated colloidal species in large boreal rivers: the Northern Dvina and one of its tributaries, the Pinega River, both in Russia, and the Athabasca River in Alberta, Canada. Water quality in the Athabasca River is briefly discussed with respect to Canadian guidelines.

Development of a freshwater aquatic toxicity database for ambient water quality criteria for methyl tertiary-butyl ether

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. L. Wong ◽  
W. Ray Arnold ◽  
Gary A. Rausina ◽  
Eugene R. Mancini ◽  
Alexis E. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tertiary Butyl

scholarly journals Deriving Freshwater Quality Criteria for Iron, Lead, Nickel, and Zinc for Protection of Aquatic Life in Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shuhaimi-Othman ◽  
Y. Nadzifah ◽  
R. Nur-Amalina ◽  
N. S. Umirah
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Macrobrachium Lanchesteri ◽  
Lead Nickel

Freshwater quality criteria for iron (Fe), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were developed with particular reference to aquatic biota in Malaysia, and based on USEPA’s guidelines. Acute toxicity tests were performed on eight different freshwater domestic species in Malaysia which wereMacrobrachium lanchesteri(prawn), two fish:Poecilia reticulataandRasbora sumatrana, Melanoides tuberculata(snail),Stenocypris major(ostracod),Chironomus javanus(midge larvae),Nais elinguis(annelid), andDuttaphrynus melanostictus(tadpole) to determine 96 h LC50values for Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn. The final acute value (FAV) for Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn were 74.5, 17.0, 165, and 304.9 μg L−1, respectively. Using an estimated acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) of 8.3, the value for final chronic value (FCV) was derived. Based on FAV and FCV, a criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and a criterion continuous concentration (CCC) for Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn that are 37.2, 8.5, 82.5, and 152.4 μg L−1and 9.0, 2.0, 19.9, and 36.7 μg L−1, respectively, were derived. The results of this study provide useful data for deriving national or local water quality criteria for Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn based on aquatic biota in Malaysia. Based on LC50values, this study indicated thatN. elinguis, M. lanchesteri, N. elinguis,andR. sumatranawere the most sensitive to Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document