scholarly journals Analyzing preference heterogeneity for soil amenity improvements using discrete choice experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1323-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Oliver Ralp Dimal ◽  
Victor Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students in China: a discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Shimeng Liu ◽  
Tiantian Gong ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Job Preferences ◽  
Open Management

Abstract Background Pharmacists are a crucial part of the health workforce and play an important role in achieving universal health coverage. In China, pharmaceutical human resources are in short supply, and the distribution is unequal. This study aimed to identify the key job characteristics that influence the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students and to elicit the relative importance of different job characteristics to shed light on future policy interventions. Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted to assess the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students from 6 provinces in mainland China. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data. Conditional logit and mixed logit models were used to analyse data, and the final model was chosen according to the model fit statistics. A series of policy simulations was also conducted. Results In total, 581 respondents completed the questionnaire, and 500 respondents who passed the internal consistency test were analysed. All attributes were statistically significant except for open management. Monthly income and work location were most important to respondents, followed by work unit (which refers to the nature of the workplace) and years to promotion. There was preference heterogeneity among respondents, e.g., male students preferred open management, and female students preferred jobs in public institutions. Furthermore, students with an urban background or from a single-child family placed higher value on a job in the city compared to their counterparts. Conclusion The heterogeneity of attributes showed the complexity of job preferences. Both monetary and nonmonetary job characteristics significantly influenced the job preferences of pharmacy students in China. A more effective policy intervention to attract graduates to work in rural areas should consider both incentives on the job itself and the background of pharmacy school graduates.

scholarly journals A protocol for a discrete choice experiment: understanding preferences of patients with cancer towards their cancer care across metropolitan and rural regions in Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e006661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Fen Wong ◽  
Richard Norman ◽  
Trisha L Dunning ◽  
David M Ashley ◽  
Paula K Lorgelly
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

IntroductionMedical decision-making in oncology is a complicated process and to date there are few studies examining how patients with cancer make choices with respect to different features of their care. It is also unknown whether patient choices vary by geographical location and how location could account for observed rural and metropolitan cancer differences. This paper describes an ongoing study that aims to (1) examine patient and healthcare-related factors that influence choices of patients with cancer; (2) measure and quantify preferences of patients with cancer towards cancer care using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and (3) explore preference heterogeneity between metropolitan and rural locations.Methods and analysisA DCE is being conducted to understand how patients with cancer choose between two clinical scenarios accounting for different patient and healthcare-related factors (and levels). Preliminary qualitative research was undertaken to guide the development of an appropriate DCE design including characteristics that are important and relevant to patients with cancer. A fractional factorial design using the D-efficiency criteria was used to estimate interactions among attributes. Multinomial logistic regression will be used for the primary DCE analysis and to control for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Ethics and disseminationThe Barwon Health Human Research Ethics Committee approved the study. Findings from the study will be presented in national/international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. Our results will form the basis of a feasibility study to inform the development of a larger scale study into preferences of patients with cancer and their association with cancer outcomes.

scholarly journals Analyzing preferences for family doctor contract services in rural China: a study using discrete choice experiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
peipei Fu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Shimeng Liu ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
qiufeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Reimbursement Rate ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Good Attitude

Abstract Background: Preliminary evaluations have found that family doctor contract service has significantly controlled medical expenses, better managed chronic diseases, and increased patient satisfaction and service compliance. In 2016, China proposed the establishment of a family doctor system to carry out contract services, but studies have found uptake and utilization of these services to be limited. This study aimed to investigate rural resident preferences for FDCS from the public perspective in China. Methods : A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was performed to elicit respondent preferences towards FDCS among rural residents in China. Attributes and levels were established based on literature review and qualitative methods. Five attributes consisted of cost, medicine availability, reimbursement rate, competence of the family doctor, and attitude of the family doctor were evaluated using mixed logit model. Results: A total number of 609 residents were included in the main DCE analysis. Respondents valued high competence (coefficient 2.44, [SE 0.13]) and good attitude (coefficient 1.42, [SE 0.09]) of the family doctor most. Cost was negatively valued (coefficient -0.01, [SE 0.01]) as expected. The preference heterogeneity analysis was conducted after adjusting the interaction terms, we found that rural residents with lower educational attainment prefer good attitude than those with higher educational attainment counterparts. The estimated willingness to pay (WTP) for “high” relative to “low” competence was 441.13 RMB/year and WTP for a provider with a “good” relative to a “poor” attitude was 255.77 RMB/year. Conclusion: This present study suggested priorities should be given to strengthen and improve the quality of primary health care including family doctors’ competence and attitudes so as to increase the uptake of signing FDCS. The contract service package including annual cost, insurance reimbursement rate and individualized services should be redesigned and become congruent with residents with different health status and their stated preferences.

scholarly journals Use of Lotteries for the Promotion of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Service: A Discrete-Choice Experiment among Adult Men in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
Nyasule Neke ◽  
Mwita Wambura ◽  
Evodius Kuringe ◽  
Jonathan M. Grund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Lottery Ticket ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is effective in reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, countries like Tanzania have high HIV prevalence but low uptake of VMMC. We conducted a discrete-choice experiment to evaluate the preferences for VMMC service attributes in a random sample of 325 men aged 18 years or older from the general population in 2 Tanzanian districts, Njombe and Tabora. We examined the preference for financial incentives in the form of a lottery ticket or receiving a guaranteed transport voucher for attendance at a VMMC service. We created a random-parameters logit model to account for individual preference heterogeneity and a latent class analysis model for identifying groups of men with similar preferences to test the hypothesis that men who reported sexually risky behaviors (i.e., multiple partners and any condomless sex in the past 12 months) may have a preference for participation in a lottery-based incentive. Most men preferred a transport voucher (84%) over a lottery ticket. We also found that offering a lottery-based financial incentive may not differentially attract those with greater sexual risk. Our study highlights the importance of gathering local data to understand preference heterogeneity, particularly regarding assumptions around risk behaviors.

scholarly journals What Are the Important Factors Influencing the Recruitment and Retention of Doctoral Students in a Public Health Setting? A Discrete Choice Experiment Survey in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9474
Author(s):  
Shimeng Liu ◽  
Yingyao Chen ◽  
Shunping Li ◽  
Ningze Xu ◽  
Chengxiang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Employment Location

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the employment preferences of doctoral students majoring in social medicine and health care management (SMHCM), to inform policymakers and future employers on how to address recruitment and retention requirements at CDCs across China. Methods: An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to elicit doctoral SMHCM students’ job preferences. The scenarios were described with seven attributes: monthly income, employment location, housing benefits, children’s education opportunities, working environment, career promotion speed, and bianzhi. A conditional logit model and a mixed logit model were used to evaluate the relative importance of the selected attributes. Results: A total of 167 doctoral SMHCM students from 24 universities completed the online survey. All seven attributes were statistically significant with the expected sign and demonstrated the existence of preference heterogeneity. Monthly income and employment location were of most concern for doctoral SMHCM students when deciding their future jobs. Among the presented attributes, working environment was of least concern. For the sub-group analysis, employment located in a first-tier city was more likely to lead to a higher utility value for doctoral students who were women, married, from an urban area, and had a high annual family income. Unsurprisingly, when compared to single students, married students were willing to forgo more for good educational opportunities for their children. Conclusions: Our study suggests that monthly income and employment location were valued most by doctoral SMHCM students when choosing a job. A more effective human resource policy intervention to attract doctoral SMHCM students to work in CDCs, especially CDCs in third-tier cities should consider both the incentives provided by the job characteristics and the background of students. Doctoral students are at the stages of career preparation, so the results of this study would be informative for policymakers and help them to design the recruitment and retention policies for CDCs.

scholarly journals Influence of Vaccination Characteristics on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Working-Age People in Hong Kong, China: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailu Wang ◽  
Eliza Lai-Yi Wong ◽  
Annie Wai-Ling Cheung ◽  
Peter Sen-Yung Yau ◽  
Vincent Chi-Ho Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
General Physicians

Background: Along with individual-level factors, vaccination-related characteristics are important in understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to determine the influence of these characteristics on vaccine acceptance to formulate promotion strategies after considering differences among respondents with different characteristics.Methods: An online discrete choice experiment was conducted among people aged 18–64 years in Hong Kong, China, from 26 to 28 February 2021. Respondents were asked to make choices regarding hypothetical vaccination programmes described by vaccination-related characteristics—the attributes derived from a prior individual interview. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the differences in vaccination-related characteristics among respondents with different personal characteristics.Results: A total of 1,773 respondents provided valid responses. The vaccine efficacy and brand were the most important factors affecting acceptance, followed by the exemption of quarantine for vaccinated travelers, safety, venue for vaccination, vaccine uptake of people in their lives, and recommendations by general physicians or government. Frequent exposure to vaccination information on social media has been associated with increasing vaccine refusal. Substantial preference heterogeneity for the attributes was found among people of different ages, incomes, chronic conditions, and previous acceptance of influenza vaccines.Conclusion: The findings provided evidence to formulate interventions to promote vaccine uptake, including the provision of vaccination at housing estate or workplaces, involvement of general physicians and interpersonal communication in vaccine promotion and information dissemination, and exemption of quarantine for vaccinated people. Moreover, social media is a significant information channel that cannot be neglected in the dissemination of official information.

scholarly journals What Aspects of Illness Influence Public Preferences for Healthcare Priority Setting? A Discrete Choice Experiment in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Morrell ◽  
James Buchanan ◽  
Sian Rees ◽  
Richard W. Barker ◽  
Sarah Wordsworth
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Decisions on funding new healthcare technologies assume that all health improvements are valued equally. However, public reaction to health technology assessment (HTA) decisions suggests there are health attributes that matter deeply to them but are not currently accounted for in the assessment process. We aimed to determine the relative importance of attributes of illness that influence the value placed on alleviating that illness. Method We conducted a discrete choice experiment survey that presented general public respondents with 15 funding decisions between hypothetical health conditions. The conditions were defined by five attributes that characterise serious illnesses, plus the health gain from treatment. Respondent preferences were modelled using conditional logistic regression and latent class analysis. Results 905 members of the UK public completed the survey in November 2017. Respondents generally preferred to provide treatments for conditions with ‘better’ characteristics. The exception was treatment availability, where respondents preferred to provide treatments for conditions where there is no current treatment, and were prepared to accept lower overall health gain to do so. A subgroup of respondents preferred to prioritise ‘worse’ health states. Conclusion This study suggests a preference among the UK public for treating an unmet need; however, it does not suggest a preference for prioritising other distressing aspects of health conditions, such as limited life expectancy, or where patients are reliant on care. Our results are not consistent with the features currently prioritised in UK HTA processes, and the preference heterogeneity we identify presents a major challenge for developing broadly acceptable policy.

Patients’ and clinicians’ preferences for treatment for Graves’ disease: A discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M.j. van Kinschot ◽  
Vikas R. Soekhai ◽  
Esther W. de Bekker-Grob ◽  
W. Edward Visser ◽  
Robin P. Peeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Graves Disease

Objective: Treatment options for Graves’ disease (GD) consist of antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) and total thyroidectomy (TT). Guidelines recommend to discuss these options with patients, taking into account patients’ preferences. This study aims to evaluate and compare patients’ and clinicians’ preferences and the trade-offs made in choosing treatment. Design and methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was performed with GD patients with a first diagnosis or recurrence in the previous year, and with clinicians. Participants were offered hypothetical treatment options which differed in type of treatment, rates of remission, severe side effects, permanent voice changes and hypocalcemia. Preference heterogeneity was assessed by latent-class analysis. Results: 286 (82%) patients and 61 (18%) clinicians participated in the DCE. All treatment characteristics had a significant effect on treatment choice (p<0.05). Remission rate was the most important determinant and explained 37% and 35% of choices in patients and clinicians, respectively. Both patients and clinicians preferred ATD over surgery and RAI. A strong negative preference towards RAI treatment was observed in a subclass of patients, whereas clinicians preferred RAI over surgery. Conclusion: In both patients and clinicians, remission rate was the most important determinant of treatment choice and ATD was the most preferred treatment option. Patients had a negative preference towards RAI compared to alternatives, whereas clinicians preferred RAI over surgery. Clinicians should be aware that their personal attitude towards RAI differs from their patients. This study on patients’ and clinicians’ preferences can support shared decision making and thereby improve clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Investigating Patients’ Preferences to Inform Drug Development Decisions: Novel Insights From a Discrete Choice Experiment in Migraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Torbica ◽  
Carla Rognoni ◽  
Rosanna Tarricone
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Symptom Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Chronic conditions have important long-term consequences for patients’ personal and social lives and require patient commitment to their management. In this context, the assessment of patients’ preferences for treatment characteristics would increase the current evidence on the impact of diseases to support decision-making processes in the field of public policies and research and development in pharmaceutical industries.The present study used cases of chronic migraine to assess patients’ preferences, including the analysis of gender differences, for the characteristics of an ideal migraine treatment. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was performed with 466 adults with migraine in Italy who experienced at least 4 attacks per month. We investigated the preferences of patients with respect to five treatment attributes that were identified from a systematic literature review and two focus group elicitations. The heterogeneity of preferences was investigated in a mixed logit model with normally distributed random coefficients.Results: Overall, the respondents considered the presence of adverse events, duration of the treatment effect, reduction of symptom intensity, speed of the effect and the cost born by the patient as the most relevant treatment features. As expected, the patients preferred treatments with lower levels of adverse events and costs and treatments with greater speed, duration of treatment effect and effectiveness in reducing symptom intensity. There was significant preference heterogeneity only for the presence of adverse events. Compared to men, women had significantly higher preferences for quicker treatment effect and limited adverse events and reported higher preferences for costly treatments.Conclusions: The results of our survey help address research and development strategies in the pharmaceutical industry and public policy regarding treatments that are clinically effective and responsive to the needs expressed by patients.

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