Retraction Note to: Monitoring, analyzing and estimation of drought rate using new fuzzy index in cities of west and southwest of Iran, located in the north of the Persian gulf

Abstract. The Persian Gulf and its surrounding area are some of the biggest basins and have a very important role in producing huge amounts of hydrocarbon, and this potential was evaluated in order to explore the target for geoscientists and petroleum engineers. Wavelet transform is a useful and applicable technique to reveal frequency contents of various signals in different branches of science and especially in petroleum studies. We applied two major capacities of continuous mode of wavelet transform in seismic investigations. These investigations were operated to detect reservoir geological structures and some anomalies related to hydrocarbon to develop and explore new petroleum reservoirs in at least 4 oilfields in the southwest of Iran. It had been observed that continuous wavelet transform results show some discontinuities in the location of faults and are able to display them more clearly than other seismic methods. Moreover, continuous wavelet transform, utilizing Morlet wavelet, displays low-frequency shadows on 4 different iso-frequency vertical sections to identify reservoirs containing gas. By comparing these different figures, the presence of low-frequency shadows under the reservoir could be seen and we can relate these variations from anomalies at different frequencies as an indicator of the presence of hydrocarbons in the target reservoir.

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Palmyra under the Aegis of Rome

The Journal of Roman Studies ◽

10.2307/298363 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 53 (1-2) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. A. Richmond

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Geographical Isolation ◽

Political Influences ◽

The North ◽

Intimate Knowledge ◽

East And West ◽

The Cross ◽

The Persian Gulf

In the most southerly group of desert routes between Syria and Mesopotamia Palmyra lies at the cross-roads. The north-eastward route from Damascus to Circesium is crossed by the eastward route from Emesa, now Homs, to Babylonia. Palmyra owes this key-position first to its precious springs and secondly to the fact that here the natural traffic lines from west to east debouch from the Syrian mountains into the head of the eastwardlooking basin of the Wadi el Khorr, a winter tributary of the Euphrates. Nor were these obvious routes the sole possibility. At Circesium the Euphrates may be crossed: at its eastward turn the lower river and its valley-dwellers become dominant—here runs the modern frontier between Syria and Iraq. Avoiding this control, caravan routes, negotiable solely by those with intimate knowledge of the waste and its people, lead direct to the heart of Mesopotamia and onwards to the Persian Gulf. As between East and West, Palmyra, an island in the desert, offered both a mart for exchange and an essential staging-point for direct through traffic. Its possessors were by nature masters of the situation; and, while they might be subject to the cultural or political influences of either East or West, their geographical isolation secured for them an independence founded upon pre-eminent experience of desert ways, which constituted them the natural masters and middlemen of the caravan routes that met and branched or crossed in their oasis.

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A fifth-millennium BC cemetery in the north Persian Gulf: the Zohreh Prehistoric Project

Antiquity ◽

10.15184/aqy.2016.166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 90 (353) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abbas Moghaddam

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Focal Point ◽

Research Programme ◽

Northern Coast ◽

Archaeological Survey ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Digital Reference ◽

The North ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Persian Gulf

The Zohreh Prehistoric Project (ZPP), a long-term archaeological research programme focused on the river valley south of the modern city of Behbahan in Khuzestan Province, was launched in April 2015 (Figure 1). The valley, which lies in close proximity to the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, was surveyed extensively during the early 1970s by Hans Nissen from the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Nissen & Redman 1971; Dittmann 1984, 1986). The ZPP aims to develop full-coverage archaeological survey of the valley, focusing on the human landscape over time, mostly in relation to settlement hierarchy and dynamics, modes of production and the emergence of regional centres at the end of the fifth and beginning of the fourth millennia BC. The focal point for the project is the principal site of the Zohreh Valley, known as Tol-e Chega Sofla (39RN1Q22108; the site was previously registered as Chogha Sofla, BZ.71 (Dittmann 1984: 110). We have changed this to reflect its local name. The digital reference is the unique Iranian archaeology map registration number.

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New data on the sedimentary processes and timing of the initial inundation of Lower Khuzestan (SW Iran) by the Persian Gulf

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683616670224 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 613-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Frieda Bogemans ◽

Mathieu Boudin ◽

Rindert Janssens ◽

Cecile Baeteman

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Sedimentary Environment ◽

Hard Water ◽

Fluvial Systems ◽

The North ◽

Holocene Transgression ◽

North Eastern ◽

Sw Iran ◽

Fluvial Sedimentation ◽

The Persian Gulf

The early- and mid-Holocene deposits of the Lower Khuzestan plain at the north-eastern margin of the Persian Gulf have been investigated by means of facies analysis of sediment successions of undisturbed cores. Organic material and molluscs have been selected for dating by radiocarbon whereby possible contamination by hard-water effect is discussed. The results suggest that the Holocene transgression in Mesopotamia may have taken place later than generally accepted. Before ca. 7700–7900 yr cal. BP, the plain was characterized by mud-dominated fluvial systems. During the mid-Holocene, tides invaded the existing valleys, and the sedimentary environment shifted from fluvial to estuarine but not as extensively as has previously been suggested. The estuarine environments lasted for about 2000–2500 years until ca. 4850–5000 yr cal. BP when the seaward part of the plain was again characterized by widespread fluvial sedimentation.

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X. Sennacherib's Campaigns on the North-West and his Work at Nineveh

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00039587 ◽

1910 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 387-411

Author(s):

T. G. Pinches

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

British Museum ◽

Considerable Importance ◽

Historical Document ◽

North West ◽

Asiatic Society ◽

The North ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

Royal Asiatic Society

THE British Museum having been fortunate enough to acquire a new historical document from Assyria of considerable importance, it has been thought that (not withstanding that an excellent translation and commentary upon it, from the pen of the copyist of the text, Mr. L. W. King, of the British Museum, has been published) a few notes concerning it would not be without interest to the readers of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, and more particularly those whose studies deal with the pre-Christian Semitic East, especially the tract lying north-west of the Persian Gulf.

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The ‘Hearth of Domestication’? Transitions to Farming in South-West Asia

The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0009 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Graeme Barker

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Mediterranean Coast ◽

North West ◽

Hill Country ◽

Anatolian Plateau ◽

The North ◽

South West ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Western Side ◽

The Persian Gulf

The principal focus of this chapter is the classic zone of early farming research from the 1960s onwards, the so-called ‘hilly flanks of the Fertile Crescent’ in South-West Asia (Fig. 4.1). This region is normally defined as the arc of hill country to the west of the Syrian desert and to the north and east of the Tigris and Euphrates valleys. The western side of the arc begins east of the Nile in the Sinai and the Gulf of Arabah on the southern border of Israel and Jordan; it continues northwards as the hill country on either side of the Jordan rift valley in Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, western Jordan, and western Syria (the so-called ‘Levantine corridor’); and extends westwards to the Mediterranean littoral. The northern sector is formed by the Taurus mountains along the southern edge of the Anatolian plateau, which curve eastwards from the Mediterranean coast in northern Syria to form the present-day Syrian–Turkish border. The eastern sector consists of the Zagros mountains, running south-eastwards from eastern Turkey and north-west Iran to the Persian Gulf, forming the Iraq–Iran border for most of their length, and continuing in south-west Iran beyond the Persian Gulf towards the Straits of Hormuz. The region also embraces adjacent zones: the alluvial plains of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the vast tracts of steppe and desert country separating them from the Levantine, Taurus, and Zagros upland systems; the Anatolian plateau to the north of the Taurus, within modern Turkey; and the Iranian plateau east of the Zagros, within modern Iran. The archaeological literature commonly uses the term Near East to describe the main region of interest, with the Levant for its western side (a term also used in this chapter), and South-West Asia for the eastern side, but the entire region is more correctly termed South-West Asia. The upland areas of the region mostly receive more than 200 millimetres of rainfall a year, which is the minimum required for growing cereals without irrigation. Rainfall decreases drastically moving out into the steppe and desert zones.

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Species composition and distribution of Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) in the northern Persian Gulf

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315421000527 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Shemshad Shahbazi ◽

Nasrin Sakhaei ◽

Hossein Zolgharnein ◽

Catherine S. McFadden

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Primary Data ◽

The North ◽

The Status ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Species Composition And Distribution ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

Rapid Ecological Assessment

Abstract Studies concerning octocoral species from the Persian Gulf coral reefs are few. This study documents the diversity and abundance of octocoral communities from three islands in the north Persian Gulf, namely, Larak Island, Hengam Island and Qeshm Island. Belt transects were used to survey the octocoral communities at these islands. We used a rapid ecological assessment technique (REA) to assess the status and abundance of octocorals. Also, K Independent sample analysis was conducted on abundance and Shannon Diversity index data to determine if octocoral abundance and species diversity varied between islands. A total of 22 morphospecies, belonging to seven alcyonacean families, including Plexauridae, Ellisellidae, Alcyoniidae, Nephtheidae, Briareidae, Acanthogorgiidae and Subergorgiidae, were identified in this study. Statistical analysis indicated octocoral abundance and diversity at Larak Island reefs were higher than those around Hengam and Qeshm islands. The primary data presented in this study could serve as the baseline data for long-term biomonitoring programmes to estimate the status of octocorals in the Persian Gulf.

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Satellite retrievals of dust aerosol over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf (2005–2015)

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-17-3987-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 3987-4003 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jamie R. Banks ◽

Helen E. Brindley ◽

Georgiy Stenchikov ◽

Kerstin Schepanski

Keyword(s):

Red Sea ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Latitudinal Gradient ◽

Dust Aerosol ◽

The North ◽

Infrared Imager ◽

Southern Half ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

High Degree

Abstract. The inter-annual variability of the dust aerosol presence over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf is analysed over the period 2005–2015. Particular attention is paid to the variation in loading across the Red Sea, which has previously been shown to have a strong, seasonally dependent latitudinal gradient. Over the 11 years considered, the July mean 630 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) varies between 0.48 and 1.45 in the southern half of the Red Sea. In the north, the equivalent variation is between 0.22 and 0.66. The temporal and spatial pattern of variability captured by SEVIRI is also seen in AOD retrievals from the MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), but there is a systematic offset between the two records. Comparisons of both sets of retrievals with ship- and land-based AERONET measurements show a high degree of correlation with biases of <  0.08. However, these comparisons typically only sample relatively low aerosol loadings. When both records are stratified by AOD retrievals from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), opposing behaviour is revealed at high MISR AODs ( >  1), with offsets of +0.19 for MODIS and −0.06 for SEVIRI. Similar behaviour is also seen over the Persian Gulf. Analysis of the scattering angles at which retrievals from the SEVIRI and MODIS measurements are typically performed in these regions suggests that assumptions concerning particle sphericity may be responsible for the differences seen.

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Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of a sea cucumberHolothuria leucospilota, from the north coast of the Persian Gulf

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315412001889 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 1401-1405 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Flora Mohammadizadeh ◽

Maryam Ehsanpor ◽

Majid Afkhami ◽

Amin Mokhlesi ◽

Aida Khazaali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

North Coast ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

The North ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Bioactive compounds of gonad, respiration tree, cuvierian organ, and body wall of the sea cucumberHolothuria leucospilotacollected from the north coast of the Persian Gulf were extracted using ethyl acetate, methanol and water–methanol solvents. Extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities againstAspergillus niger,Candida albicans,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosaandEscherichia coli. The activity was determined using the disc diffusion test. Cytotoxic activities of the extracts were determined by brine shrimp lethality assay. Results demonstrated that theA. nigerwas shown to be the most sensitive microorganism followed byC. albicans. The inhibition zone againstA. nigerandC. albicanshad minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3 to 7 μg/ml. The highest antifungal activity was found in G (water–methanol) with an inhibition zone of 50 mm againstA. nigerat 18 μg/ml extract concentration continuing with CT (methanol) with 46 mm inhibition zone againstA. nigerat 18 μg/ml extract concentration. The highest cytotoxic effect of methanol extract was found with LC50values of about 40.31 μg/ml in the gonad organ fromH. leucospilotacontinuing with the respiration tree organ with LC50values of about 72.49 μg/ml.

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