SSR markers associated for late leaf spot disease resistance by bulked segregant analysis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract Early leaf spot is a common disease of peanut caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola Hori. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of postemergence herbicides on the conidial germination of C. arachidicola and on the incidence of early leaf spot disease in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a greenhouse. Conidial germination was enhanced (≥ 100%) at concentrations of 1, 100, and 1000 mg/L of 2,4-DB compared with the untreated control. Lactofen reduced conidial germination by 42% compared with the control at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L and completely inhibited germination at concentrations ≥ 5000 mg/L. A concentration of 10,000 mg/L acifluorfen and 2,4-DB completely inhibited conidial germination. Acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus 2,4-DB, and lactofen decreased the sporulation of early leaf spot lesions. Lactofen reduced leaf spot incidence 12% and decreased sporulation of lesions 22% compared with the control. None of the herbicides increased the incidence of early leaf spot on peanut plants or the number of early leaf spot lesions per leaflet when compared with plants that received no herbicide.

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Evaluation and Selection of Interspecific Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Resistance to Leaf Spot Disease and for Yield Improvement

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 873

Author(s):

Nicholas N. Denwar ◽

Charles E. Simpson ◽

James L. Starr ◽

Terry A. Wheeler ◽

Mark D. Burow

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Linkage Drag ◽

Backcross Population ◽

Late Leaf Spot ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Advanced Backcross ◽

Advanced Backcross Population ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L

Early and late leaf spot are two devastating diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. The development of a fertile, cross-compatible synthetic amphidiploid, TxAG-6 ([A. batizocoi × (A. cardenasii × A. diogoi)]4x), opened novel opportunities for the introgression of wild alleles for disease and pest resistance into commercial cultivars. Twenty-seven interspecific lines selected from prior evaluation of an advanced backcross population were evaluated for resistance to early and late leaf spot, and for yield in two locations in Ghana in 2006 and 2007. Several interspecific lines had early leaf spot scores significantly lower than the susceptible parent, indicating that resistance to leaf spot had been successfully introgressed and retained after three cycles of backcrossing. Time to appearance of early leaf spot symptoms was less in the introgression lines than in susceptible check cultivars, but the opposite was true for late leaf spot. Selected lines from families 43-08, 43-09, 50-04, and 60-02 had significantly reduced leaf spot scores, while lines from families 43-09, 44-10, and 63-06 had high pod yields. One line combined both resistance to leaf spot and high pod yield, and several other useful lines were also identified. Results suggest that it is possible to break linkage drag for low yield that accompanies resistance. However, results also suggest that resistance was diluted in many of the breeding lines, likely a result of the multigenic nature of resistance. Future QTL analysis may be useful to identify alleles for resistance and allow recombination and pyramiding of resistance alleles while reducing linkage drag.

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Leaf Spot Disease Development Under Four Disease Management Programs1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-25-1-9 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

W. J. Grichar ◽

B. A. Besler ◽

A. J. Jaks

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Cercospora Arachidicola ◽

Spot Disease ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Yield Difference ◽

Disease Pressure

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and response to early and late leaf spots [caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Deighton, respectively] were evaluated on six runner-type cultivars under four leaf spot spray programs using tebuconazole at 0.23 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha. The four leaf spot spray programs included unsprayed, 14-d schedule, 21-d schedule, and 28-d schedule. With the 14- and 21-d schedule, chlorothalonil was applied at the first and last applications with a maximum of four tebuconazole applications for the middle sprays. On the 28-d schedule, tebuconazole was applied four times. Under conditions of heavy leaf spot disease pressure where no fungicide was applied, Southern Runner and Georgia Browne were slightly less susceptible (although not significantly) to early or late leaf spot than Florunner, GK-7, Georgia Runner, or Sunrunner. Less leaf spot was present in the 14-d schedule compared to 21- or 28-d schedules. Although there was no yield difference between the 14-, 21-, or 28-d schedules, the plots sprayed on a 14-d schedule yielded 43% more than the unsprayed. When averaged across all spray schedules, Georgia Browne yielded 15% more peanuts than Georgia Runner.

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Metabolic profiling for dissection of late leaf spot disease resistance mechanism in groundnut

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants ◽

10.1007/s12298-021-00985-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. K. Mahatma ◽

Lokesh Kumar Thawait ◽

K. S. Jadon ◽

P. P. Thirumalaisamy ◽

S. K. Bishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Metabolic Profiling ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Late Leaf Spot ◽

Spot Disease

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Transformation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with tobacco chitinase gene: variable response of transformants to leaf spot disease

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00462-3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 160 (5) ◽

pp. 889-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

V.K Rohini ◽

K Sankara Rao

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Chitinase Gene ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Variable Response ◽

Spot Disease ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L

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2,3-Di-(E)-caffeoyl-(2R,3R)-(+)-tartaric acid in terminals of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties with different resistances to late leaf spot disease (Cercosporidium personatum) and the insects tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae).

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf00043a035 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1572-1574 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maurice E. Snook ◽

Robert E. Lynch ◽

Albert K. Culbreath ◽

Catherine E. Costello

Keyword(s):

Tartaric Acid ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Potato Leafhopper ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Empoasca Fabae ◽

Late Leaf Spot ◽

Spot Disease ◽

Frankliniella Fusca ◽

Tobacco Thrips

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Diversity Analysis and Assessment of Association of SSR Markers to Late Leaf Spot and Rust Resistance in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.366 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (08) ◽

pp. 3620-3630

Author(s):

Anamika Roy ◽

M. Lal Ahamed ◽

Y. Amaravathi ◽

K. Viswanath ◽

J.P.B. Dayal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Late Leaf Spot ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L

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Identification of Transcripts Involved in Resistance Responses to Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Cercosporidium personatum in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-95-0381 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 381-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

M. Luo ◽

P. Dang ◽

M. G. Bausher ◽

C. C. Holbrook ◽

R. D. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Real Time ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Disease Resistance Gene ◽

Cercosporidium Personatum ◽

Spot Disease

Late leaf spot disease caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) worldwide. The objective of this research was to identify resistance genes in response to leaf spot disease using microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To identify transcripts involved in disease resistance, we studied the gene expression profiles in two peanut genotypes, resistant or susceptible to leaf spot disease, using cDNA microarray containing 384 unigenes selected from two expressed sequenced tag (EST) cDNA libraries challenged by abiotic and biotic stresses. A total of 112 spots representing 56 genes in several functional categories were detected as up-regulated genes (log2 ratio > 1). Seventeen of the top 20 genes, each matching gene with known function in GenBank, were selected for validation of their expression levels using real-time PCR. The two peanut genotypes were also used to study the functional analysis of these genes and the possible link of these genes to the disease resistance trait. Microarray technology and real-time PCR were used for comparison of gene expression. The selected genes identified by microarray analysis were validated by real-time PCR. These genes were more greatly expressed in the resistant genotype as a result of response to the challenge of C. personatum than in the susceptible genotype. Further investigations are needed to characterize each of these genes in disease resistance. Gene probes could then be developed for application in breeding programs for marker-assisted selection.

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