scholarly journals Evaluation and Selection of Interspecific Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Resistance to Leaf Spot Disease and for Yield Improvement

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Denwar ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
James L. Starr ◽  
Terry A. Wheeler ◽  
Mark D. Burow
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Advanced Backcross Population ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Early and late leaf spot are two devastating diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. The development of a fertile, cross-compatible synthetic amphidiploid, TxAG-6 ([A. batizocoi × (A. cardenasii × A. diogoi)]4x), opened novel opportunities for the introgression of wild alleles for disease and pest resistance into commercial cultivars. Twenty-seven interspecific lines selected from prior evaluation of an advanced backcross population were evaluated for resistance to early and late leaf spot, and for yield in two locations in Ghana in 2006 and 2007. Several interspecific lines had early leaf spot scores significantly lower than the susceptible parent, indicating that resistance to leaf spot had been successfully introgressed and retained after three cycles of backcrossing. Time to appearance of early leaf spot symptoms was less in the introgression lines than in susceptible check cultivars, but the opposite was true for late leaf spot. Selected lines from families 43-08, 43-09, 50-04, and 60-02 had significantly reduced leaf spot scores, while lines from families 43-09, 44-10, and 63-06 had high pod yields. One line combined both resistance to leaf spot and high pod yield, and several other useful lines were also identified. Results suggest that it is possible to break linkage drag for low yield that accompanies resistance. However, results also suggest that resistance was diluted in many of the breeding lines, likely a result of the multigenic nature of resistance. Future QTL analysis may be useful to identify alleles for resistance and allow recombination and pyramiding of resistance alleles while reducing linkage drag.

scholarly journals Recovery of Valencia Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Traits in Early Segregating and Promising Late Leaf Spot Resistant Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Wilder Wambi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Opportunity For Selection

In Uganda, there are no Valencia varieties that are resistant to leaf spot diseases. Introgression of resistance genes into elite lines is always associated with the transfer of undesirable traits from the donor parents. Knowledge of the degree of genetic relationship provides breeders with a more efficient way to identify populations of potential relevance for their plant improvement programs. The objective of this study was to determine the recovery of Valencia groundnut traits in the early segregating and promising late leaf spot (LLS) resistant populations. Four crosses between Valencia lines (P1) and donor lines (P2) were made. The populations that included F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2, together with their parents (P1and P2) of each of the four crosses namely, Valencia C (P1) × ICGV-SM 02501 (P2), Valencia C (P1) × SGV-07009 (P2), NuMex-M3 (P1) × ICGV-SM 02501 (P2) and Redbeauty (P1) × ICGV-SM 03590 (P2) were evaluated. Cluster analysis revealed differences among the generations for the traits analysed with major and sub-clusters, implying that the generations of crosses formed a genetically diverse population that offers possible opportunity for selection. In the cross between NuMex-M3 X ICGV-SM 02501, the populations BC1P1 and F2, exhibited higher (80 %) recovery of the recurrent parental (NuMex-M3) traits. Similarly, the backcross population (BC1P1) to the susceptible elite variety of the Valencia C X ICGV-SM 02501 cross recovered approximately 75% of the recurrent parental traits Valencia C with lower LLS disease score. Such populations could result in higher gain in Valencia traits and LLS resistance when utilized the breeding program. For maximum gain in LLS resistance and recovery of Valencia traits, more selfing and backcrossing can be performed to fix the genes for LLS resistance as well those of Valencia characteristics. Keywords: cluster analysis; Arachis hypogaea; diverse populations

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases in Advanced Breeding Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3910-3919
Author(s):  
Sajjan Kumar Pooniya ◽  
Sunil Yadav ◽  
Madhurjit Singh Rathore ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
R. S. Sikarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Evaluation of Runner Peanut Cultivars and Advanced Georgia Breeding Lines for Yield and Resistance to Late Leaf Spot Under Three Disease-Management Programs1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Smith ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
B. G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Podyield and resistance to late leaf spot, caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Deighton, were evaluated on nine advanced Georgia breeding lines and five cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Florunner, Georgia Runner, GK-7, Southern Runner, and Sunrunner. Peanuts were grown at Tifton, GA during 1987-1988 under three leaf spot programs using diniconazole at 0.14 kg/ha with Agri-Dex® (0.5% v/v): 1) unsprayed, 2) 28-day, and 3) 14-day spray schedule. Final disease ratings (Florida 1 to 10 scale) were made approximately 1-wk prior to harvest. In unsprayed plots, Southern Runner and GaT-2566 had significantly lower leaf spot disease ratings than Florunner, GK-7, Sunrunner, and Georgia Runner. Across all fungicide treatments, yields of Georgia Runner averaged significantly higher than the four other cultivars and GaT-2566. Average yields were 5111, 4497, 4433, 4404, 4377, and 4022 kg/ha for Georgia Runner, Southern Runner, GK-7, GaT-2566, Sunrunner, and Florunner, respectively. In addition to low yield potential of GaT-2566, it was susceptible to Rhizoctonia limb rot (R. solani Kühn, anastomosis group 4). However, Georgia Runner was found to have moderate tolerance to late leaf spot and excellent yield potential.

scholarly journals SSR analysis of cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm resistant to rust and late leaf spot diseases

Euphytica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mace ◽  
D. T. Phong ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
J. H. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Screening Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) Genotypes for Resistance to Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. S. Alidu ◽  
S. Abukari ◽  
M. Abudulai
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Difference

Background for the Study: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop both in subsistence and commercial agriculture in Ghana. Early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personata) are major limiting factors to groundnut productivity in Ghana. Aim: The objective of the study was to screen groundnut genotypes for resistance to Early and Late leaf spot diseases. Study Design: The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three (3) times. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from May to December 2013 at the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute experimental site at Nyankpala in the Northern Region. The site lies between latitude 9°25´141 North and longitude 0°58’142 West and an altitude of 183 m. Methodology: The land was done using a tractor and field divided into plots of 2 m x 5 m with 1 m interval between plots. Sowing was done on 3rd June 2013. One seed was planted per hole at a depth of approximately 4 cm. Early and late leaf spot ratings were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting, using a ten-point scale. At pod maturity, plants from the middle two rows of each plot were hand-harvested and weights of the above ground foliage and underground pods were oven-dried to obtain dry haulm weight and pod yield respectively. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Genstat statistical package (12th edition). Means were separated using the least significant difference at 5%. Results: The were significant differences (P < .001) among the groundnut genotypes in terms of severity for both early and late leaf spot diseases. F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI had lowest score for both early and late leaf spot diseases. Among the 21 groundnut genotypes, F-Mix recorded the highest pods yield of 1100kg/ha and haulm weight of 5867 kg/ha followed by NC 7 with total pods yield of 900 kg/ha and haulm weight of 5373 kg/ha. PC 79-79 had a total pods yield of 666.7 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4867kg/ha. The pods yield of F-Mix × SINK 24 was 533.3 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4600 kg/ha. NKATIE-SARI recorded pods yield of 500 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4633 kg/ha. Conclusions: From the study, the genotypes F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI were found to be resistance to both early and late leaf spot disease whereas Chinese, Doumbala, GM 120, GM 324 and ICGV 86015 were susceptible to both diseases.

scholarly journals Resistance to late leaf spot and rust diseases in ICRISAT’s mini core collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sudini ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. V. Reddy ◽  
U. Naga Mangala ◽  
A. Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L
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