Genetic analysis of sugar yield and physiological traits in sugar beet under salinity stress conditions

Abstract Salinity stress is one of the major limiting abiotic stresses that decrease crop production worldwide. To recommend genotypes for cultivation under saline stress conditions, comprehensive understanding of genetic basis and plant responses to this stress is need. In the present study, a total of 20 barley genotypes were investigated to isolate potential salt-tolerant genotypes at the early growth stage using hydroponic system, and adult plant under field conditions. Different growth and physiological traits including root fresh and dry weights (RFW and RDW), shoot fresh and dry weights (SFW and SDW), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), root and shoot Na+ (RN and SN), root and shoot K+ (RK and SK), root and shoot K+:Na+ ratios (RKN and SKN), root-to-shoot Na+ translocation (RTSN), root-to-shoot K+ translocation (RTSK), stomatal conductance (GS), transpiration rate (TE), and photosynthesis rate (PN) were measured. Barley seedling were treated with two salinity levels (0 mM NaCl (as control conditions) and 200 mM NaCl (as stress conditions)) for 30 days. Moreover, the yield performance and stability of investigated barley genotypes were evaluated across five environments during the 2018–2020 cropping seasons. Salinity stress significantly decreased growth and physiological traits in all seedling plants; however, some salt-tolerant genotypes showed the lowest reduction in measured traits. Multivariate analysis grouped measured traits and tested genotypes into different clusters. The multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index (MGIDI) selected genotypes G12, G14, G6, G7, and G16 as the salt-tolerant barley genotypes. Considering the results of the AMMI analysis showed that grain yields of tested barley genotypes were influenced by environment (E), genotype (G) and GE interaction effects. Based on the weighted average of absolute scores of the genotype index (WAASB) and other stability statistics, G7, G8, G14, and G16 were selected as superior genotypes. Considering the outputs of MGIDI and WAASB indices revealed that three genotypes G7, G14 and G16 can be recommended as new genetic resources for improving and stabilizing grain yield in barley programs for the moderate climate and saline regions of Iran. In conclusion, our results suggest that the using MGIDI index in the early growth stage can accelerate screening nurseries in barley breeding programs.

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Evaluation of sugar beet breeding populations based morpho-physiological characters under salinity stress

Pakistan Journal of Botany ◽

10.30848/pjb2019-1(7) ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehdi Taghizadegan ◽

Mahmoud Toorchi ◽

Mohammad Moghadam Vahed ◽

Samar Khayamim

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Physiological Characters

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Impact of Foliar Application of Various Forms of Silicon on the Chemical Composition of Sugar Beet Plants

Sugar Tech ◽

10.1007/s12355-020-00918-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽

Małgorzata Kondracka ◽

Dariusz Gozdowski ◽

Alicja Siuda ◽

Magda Litwińczuk-Bis

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Orthosilicic Acid ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Polysilicic Acid ◽

Critical Phase

AbstractThe effect of marine calcite, a mixture of ortho- and polysilicic acid as well as orthosilicic acid applied as a foliar spray on the chemical composition of sugar beet leaves in the critical phase of nutrient supply (beginning of July) but also leaves and roots during harvest time in 2015–2016, was studied. The content of silicon in the leaves ranged from 1.24 to 2.36 g kg−1 d.m. at the beginning of July, 3.85–5.34 g kg−1 d.m. during harvest and 2.91–4.20 g kg−1 d.m. in the roots. The foliar application of silicon caused a significant increase in the content of magnesium and calcium in leaves (in July) as compared to the control. The sugar beet consumes approx. 75 kg Si ha−1, which is almost 3.5 times more than P and 20% more than Mg thus proving its importance for its species. About 70% of the silicon taken up by sugar beet is stored in roots and 30% in leaves. The pure sugar yield is most favorably influenced by two- and threefold foliar application of the product containing silicon in the form of orthosilicic acid stabilized with choline, and a threefold mixture of ortho- and polysilicic acid. The increase in the pure sugar yield is not the result of a change in the chemical composition of sugar beet plants, but their more efficient functioning after foliar application of silicon under stress conditions caused by water shortage.

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Evaluation of Silicon and Proline Application on the Oxidative Machinery in Drought-Stressed Sugar Beet

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 398

Author(s):

Muneera D. F. AlKahtani ◽

Yaser M. Hafez ◽

Kotb Attia ◽

Emadeldeen Rashwan ◽

Latifa Al Husnain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Yield Parameters

Drought stress deleteriously affects growth, development and productivity in plants. So, we examined the silicon effect (2 mmol) and proline (10 mmol) individually or the combination (Si + proline) in alleviating the harmful effect of drought on total phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll concentration and antioxidant enzymes as well as yield parameters of drought-stressed sugar beet plants during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings indicated that the root diameter and length (cm), root and shoot fresh weights (g plant−1) as well as root and sugar yield significantly decreased in sugar beet plants under drought. Relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration considerably reduced in stressed sugar beet plants that compared with control in both seasons. Nonetheless, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2●−) considerably elevated as signals of drought. Drought-stressed sugar beet plants showed an increase in proline accumulation, total phenolic compounds and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to mitigate drought effects. Si and proline individually or the combination Si + proline considerably increased root and sugar yield, sucrose%, Chl concentration and RWC, MDA and EL were remarkably reduced. The treatments led to adjust proline and total phenolic compounds as well as CAT and SOD activity in stressed sugar beet plants. We concluded that application of Si + proline under drought stress led to improve the resistance of sugar beet by regulating of proline, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and improving RWC, Chl concentration and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) contents as well as yield parameters.

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