The genetic diversity of wild grapes in Mexico

AbstractThis is the first report evaluating the genetic diversity of Mexican grape species utilizing DNA-based markers to understand the distribution of grape species, and patterns of hybridization. The study utilized accessions maintained in three collections in Mexico, one in the USA and recently collected germplasm. Fifteen SSR markers were used to develop a fingerprint database to identify unique germplasm. Two different clustering analyses without prior population assignment, were used to identify groups that were verified by a Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components and a Principal Coordinate Analysis. Genetic diversity estimates were made across and within groups to validate the results obtained from the clustering analyses. Multiple clustering analyses and diversity parameters supported six genetic groups representing different geographic regions. The Northeastern group was the most diverse with a geographic range extending to Eastern and Central Mexico, while the Coahuila group was the least diverse. Vitis arizonica Engelm. and Vitis cinerea Engelm. ex Millardet were the most abundant species with many hybrid forms. We provide evidence that wild grape species in Mexico follow the physical barriers of mountain ranges like the Sierra Madre Oriental with an east–west divide and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt as a corridor for gene flow among different grape species. Additional collections are required to fully understand the extent of hybridization and to clarify hybrid zones.

Download Full-text

The Genetic Diversity of Wild Grapes in Mexico

10.21203/rs.3.rs-322673/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karla G. Huerta-Acosta ◽

Summaira Riaz ◽

Omar Franco-Mora ◽

Juan Cruz-Castillo ◽

M. Andrew Walker

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Volcanic Belt ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Hybrid Zones ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽

The Usa ◽

Physical Barriers ◽

Fingerprint Database

Abstract This is the first report evaluating the genetic diversity of Mexican grape species utilizing DNA-based markers to understand the distribution of grape species and patterns of hybridization. The study utilized accessions maintained in three collections in Mexico, one in the USA and recently collected germplasm. Fifteen SSR markers were used to develop a fingerprint database to identify unique germplasm. Two different clustering analyses without prior population assignment, were used to identify groups that were verified by a Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components and a Principal Coordinate Analysis. Genetic diversity estimates were made across and within groups to validate the results obtained from the clustering analyses. Multiple clustering analyses and diversity parameters supported six genetic groups representing different geographic regions. The Northeastern group was the most diverse with a geographic range extending to Eastern and Central Mexico, while the Coahuila group was the least diverse. Vitis arizonica Engelm. and V. cinerea Engelm. ex Millardet were the most abundant species with many hybrid forms. We provide evidence that wild grape species in Mexico follow the physical barriers of mountain ranges like the Sierra Madre Oriental with an east-west divide and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt as a corridor for gene flow among different grape species. Additional collections are required to fully understand the extent of hybridization and to clarify hybrid zones.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity and structure of two endangered mole salamander species of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

Herpetozoa ◽

10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e38023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 237-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Octavio Monroy-Vilchis ◽

Rosa-Laura Heredia-Bobadilla ◽

Martha M. Zarco-González ◽

Víctor Ávila-Akerberg ◽

Armando Sunny

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Genetics ◽

Population Size ◽

Effective Population Size ◽

Volcanic Belt ◽

Population Declines ◽

Effective Population ◽

Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

The most important factor leading to amphibian population declines and extinctions is habitat degradation and destruction. To help prevent further extinctions, studies are needed to make appropriate conservation decisions in small and fragmented populations. The goal of this study was to provide data from the population genetics of two micro-endemic mole salamanders from the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Nine microsatellite markers were used to study the population genetics of 152 individuals from two Ambystoma species. We sampled 38 individuals in two localities for A. altamirani and A. rivualre. We found medium to high levels of genetic diversity expressed as heterozygosity in the populations. However, all the populations presented few alleles per locus and genotypes. We found strong genetic structure between populations for each species. Effective population size was small but similar to that of the studies from other mole salamanders with restricted distributions or with recently fragmented habitats. Despite the medium to high levels of genetic diversity expressed as heterozygosity, we found few alleles, evidence of a genetic bottleneck and that the effective population size is small in all populations. Therefore, this study is important to propose better management plans and conservation efforts for these species.

Download Full-text

Discussion and reply: Neogene volcanism at the front of the central Mexican Volcanic Belt: Basaltic andesites to dacites, with contemporaneous shoshonites and high-TiO2lava - Discussion

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130//b25276d.1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 115 (8) ◽

pp. 1020-1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ignacio S. Torres-Alvarado ◽

Surendra P. Verma

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Belt ◽

Mexican Volcanic Belt

Download Full-text

A systematic review of potential habitat suitability for the jaguar Panthera onca in central Arizona and New Mexico, USA

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605320000459 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Eric W. Sanderson ◽

Kim Fisher ◽

Rob Peters ◽

Jon P. Beckmann ◽

Bryan Bird ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

New Mexico ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Potential Habitat ◽

The Status ◽

The Usa ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Conservation Plan

Abstract In April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.

Download Full-text

Population structure and genetic diversity of non-native aoudad populations

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91678-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sunčica Stipoljev ◽

Toni Safner ◽

Pavao Gančević ◽

Ana Galov ◽

Tina Stuhne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Control Region ◽

Effective Population ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Control Region ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Spanish Populations ◽

Microsatellite Alleles ◽

Shared Alleles ◽

Number Of Individuals

AbstractThe aoudad (Ammotragus lervia Pallas 1777) is an ungulate species, native to the mountain ranges of North Africa. In the second half of the twentieth century, it was successfully introduced in some European countries, mainly for hunting purposes, i.e. in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Italy, and Spain. We used neutral genetic markers, the mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite loci, to characterize and compare genetic diversity and spatial pattern of genetic structure on different timeframes among all European aoudad populations. Four distinct control region haplotypes found in European aoudad populations indicate that the aoudad has been introduced in Europe from multiple genetic sources, with the population in the Sierra Espuña as the only population in which more than one haplotype was detected. The number of detected microsatellite alleles within all populations (< 3.61) and mean proportion of shared alleles within all analysed populations (< 0.55) indicates relatively low genetic variability, as expected for new populations funded by a small number of individuals. In STRUCTURE results with K = 2–4, Croatian and Czech populations cluster in the same genetic cluster, indicating joined origin. Among three populations from Spain, Almeria population shows as genetically distinct from others in results, while other Spanish populations diverge at K = 4. Maintenance of genetic diversity should be included in the management of populations to sustain their viability, specially for small Czech population with high proportion of shared alleles (0.85) and Croatian population that had the smallest estimated effective population size (Ne = 5.4).

Download Full-text

Genetic melting pot and importance of long-distance dispersal indicated in the Gladiolus imbricatus L. populations in the Polish Carpathians

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96135-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽

Józef Mitka ◽

Tomasz Warzecha ◽

Jakub Bunk ◽

Julia Rutkowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Western Carpathians ◽

Genetic Structuring ◽

Long Distance ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Genetic Stock ◽

Melting Pot ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Eastern Carpathians

AbstractThe genetic diversity in 11 populations of Gladiolus imbricatus in five mountain ranges, including the Tatra, Pieniny, Gorce, Beskid Niski (Western Carpathians) and Bieszczady Mts (Eastern Carpathians), was studied with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The species is a perennial plant occurring in open and semi-open sites of anthropogenic origin (meadows and forest margins). We checked a hypothesis on the microrefugial character of the plant populations in the Pieniny Mts, a small calcareous Carpathian range of complicated relief that has never been glaciated. Plant populations in the Tatra and Pieniny Mts had the highest genetic diversity indices, pointing to their long-term persistence. The refugial vs. the non-refugial mountain ranges accounted for a relatively high value of total genetic variation [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 14.12%, p = 0.003]. One of the Pieniny populations was of hybridogenous origin and shared genetic stock with the Tatra population, indicating there is a local genetic melting pot. A weak genetic structuring of populations among particular regions was found (AMOVA, 4.5%, p > 0.05). This could be an effect of the frequent short-distance and sporadic long-distance gene flow. The dispersal of diaspores between the remote populations in the Western Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians could be affected by the historical transportation of flocks of sheep from the Tatra to Bieszczady Mts.

Download Full-text

Molecular Analysis of a Plum pox virus W Isolate in Plum Germplasm Hand Carried into the USA from the Ukraine Shows a Close Relationship to a Latvian Isolate

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-12-0104-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 44-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Vessela Mavrodieva ◽

Delano James ◽

Karen Williams ◽

Sarika Negi ◽

Aniko Varga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

The United States ◽

Common Source ◽

Plum Pox Virus ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Close Relationship ◽

The Usa ◽

Sequence Identities ◽

Germplasm Accessions

Four of 19 Prunus germplasm accessions hand carried from the Ukraine into the United States without authorization were found to be infected with Plum pox virus (PPV). Of the three isolates characterized, isolates UKR 44189 and UKR 44191 were confirmed to be isolates of PPV strain W, and UKR 44188 was confirmed to be an isolate of PPV strain D. UKR 44189 and UKR 44191 are very closely related to the PPV strain W isolate LV-145bt (HQ670748) from Latvia. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities between these three isolates were greater than 99%. This indicates that the isolates are very closely related and likely originated from a common source. The high genetic diversity among PPV-W strain isolates allowed the identification of potential recombination events between PPV isolates. It appears also that GF 305 peach and Prunus tomentosa are not hosts for the PPV isolate UKR 44189.

Download Full-text