scholarly journals Adjusting for health status in non-linear models of health care disparities

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Cook ◽  
Thomas G. McGuire ◽  
Ellen Meara ◽  
Alan M. Zaslavsky
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals Limited English Proficiency, Primary Language at Home, and Disparities in Children's Health Care: How Language Barriers are Measured Matters

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Flores ◽  
Milagros Abreu ◽  
Sandra C. Tomany-Korman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Language Barriers ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Language Spoken At Home ◽  
At Home

Background. Approximately 3.5 million U.S. schoolchildren are limited in English proficiency (LEP). Disparities in children's health and health care are associated with both LEP and speaking a language other than English at home, but prior research has not examined which of these two measures of language barriers is most useful in examining health care disparities. Objectives. Our objectives were to compare primary language spoken at home vs. parental LEP and their associations with health status, access to care, and use of health services in children. Methods. We surveyed parents at urban community sites in Boston, asking 74 questions on children's health status, access to health care, and use of health services. Results. Some 98% of the 1,100 participating children and families were of non-white race/ethnicity, 72% of parents were LEP, and 13 different primary languages were spoken at home. “Dose-response” relationships were observed between parental English proficiency and several child and parental sociodemographic features, including children's insurance coverage, parental educational attainment, citizenship and employment, and family income. Similar “dose-response” relationships were noted between the primary language spoken at home and many but not all of the same sociodemographic features. In multivariate analyses, LEP parents were associated with triple the odds of a child having fair/poor health status, double the odds of the child spending at least one day in bed for illness in the past year, and significantly greater odds of children not being brought in for needed medical care for six of nine access barriers to care. None of these findings were observed in analyses of the primary language spoken at home. Individual parental LEP categories were associated with different risks of adverse health status and outcomes. Conclusions. Parental LEP is superior to the primary language spoken at home as a measure of the impact of language barriers on children's health and health care. Individual parental LEP categories are associated with different risks of adverse outcomes in children's health and health care. Consistent data collection on parental English proficiency and referral of LEP parents to English classes by pediatric providers have the potential to contribute toward reduction and elimination of health care disparities for children of LEP parents.

scholarly journals LGBT health-care disparities in Multiple Sclerosis: a cross-sectional web-based study in Italy (Preprint)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Lavorgna ◽  
Marcello Moccia ◽  
Antonio Russo ◽  
Raffaele Palladino ◽  
Lucia Riccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) patients might experience unique difficulties and barriers to treatment of chronic diseases related to their sexual orientation. OBJECTIVE To investigate health-care disparities experienced by LGBT patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We conducted a survey on an Italian social-network (www.smsocialnetwork.com) for MS patients, by using standardized multiple-choice questions. The survey investigated: socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits, MS-related health status and LGBT specific issues (e.g. friendliness to their sexual orientation or homophobic behaviors from the staff of their MS Center). RESULTS LGBT patients were associated with a smaller number of psychological consultations, compared to heterosexuals (Coeff.=-0.449; p<0.001; 95%CI=-0.682--0.217). LGBT patients were more likely to change MS Center, compared to heterosexuals (OR=2.064; p=0.046; 95%CI=1.011-4.212). The number of MS Center changes was associated with MS Center friendliness (p=0.037; rho=-0.229) and with the occurrence of homophobic behaviors (p=0.036; rho=0.234). CONCLUSIONS LGBT MS patients more frequently changed MS Center and had a reduced use of psychological services, compared to heterosexuals. The attitude towards LGBT MS patients might affect resource utilizations and, possibly, LGBTs’ health status.

Linear and non-linear models for national health expenditures in the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (554) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Allan J. Kroopnick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
National Health ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Elementary Theory ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Usa

In this brief Article, using the elementary theory of differential equations as well as some basic economic theory, we will develop several estimates for national health expenditures for the United States: one using a linear model and three using non-linear models. We will derive the nonlinear models first and then compare them to the linear one in order to see if they differ significantly. While these estimates are for the United States, the methods used here, because they are robust, could be used for any country. Statistical information may be obtained from the World Bank databases which store health statistics by country [1].What we will do here is estimate the total health costs as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) if no further copayments are required. In other words, we are seeking to estimate the total cost of health care as a percentage of GDP when all health care costs are covered by insurance and government subsidy. Several models will be discussed here since such estimates may be made using a variety of assumptions. There is no ‘best’ model, although such a decision is possible when comparing the estimates to actual data.

Parent’s Experiences from the Treatment of their Children at the Physic Children’s Surgery Clinic in Skopje.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trajchevska ◽  
A. Lleshi ◽  
S. Gjoshev ◽  
A. Trajchevski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parental Satisfaction ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The respect of the needs and wishes of the patients is in the focus of the human health system. The experience of the parents in terms of child’s health care may be used as an indicator of quality of the health care. Material and methods: The research is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, simple random sample of 207 parents / guardians is covered, whose children in the period of three months, had been hospitalized in the hospital department JZUU Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Skopje.It was used a two parted questionnaire. The first part is a standardized questionnaire (Parent Experience of Pediatric Care - PECP), and the second part concerns the general socio-demographic data of the parent/guardian. Statistical evaluation was performed using appropriate statistical programs (Statistics for Windows 7,0 and SPSS 17.0). Results: In accordance with the age of the parents, the survey respondents were divided into two groups: a) age ≤ 33 years - 107 (51.69%) and b) age> 33 years - 100 (48.31%).Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the receipt of their child to the clinic research confirms the age of the parent under / over 33 years due to 4.1% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,041). Parents generally believe that their children's room of the clinic is "good", without significant difference between parental satisfaction from both age groups (Mann-Whitney U Test Z = -0,9613 p = 0,3364). Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the room of their child improves the health status after treatment due to 6% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,060). Parents generally believe that testing and treatment of their children in the clinic was "very good" and an independent significant predictor is to improve the health status after the treatment - 7,8% (R2 = 0,078). Conclusions: Regardless of the generally good parental satisfaction about health care for their children, it is necessary to continuously monitor the status of the clinic in order to consider the possible deficiencies and needs of intervention.

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