scholarly journals Seasonal changes in relative contribution of environmental control and spatial structuring on different dispersal groups of stream macroinvertebrates

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 828 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Csercsa ◽  
Eszter Á. Krasznai-K. ◽  
Gábor Várbíró ◽  
Ildikó Szivák ◽  
Mónika Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Stream Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Spatial Structuring

scholarly journals Autotrophic and heterotrophic contributions to soil respiration in a subtropical camphor tree forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wende Yan ◽  
Yuanying Peng ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Xiaoyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Autotrophic Respiration ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Total Soil Respiration ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Primary Contribution ◽  
Camphor Tree

Understanding the contributions of autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) to total soil respiration (Rs) is necessary for accurate prediction of global carbon balance and net ecosystem production under environmental change. In this research, annual Rs and Rh and estimated were investigated by using a root trenching experiment in a Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) forest in subtropical China for two years to qualify the relative contribution of Ra and Rh components to Rs, and to determine the environmental factors that control the seasonal changes in Ra, Rh and Rs. The results showed that annual mean Rs was 405 ± 219 gC m-2 year-1 in the studied forests, of which Rh and Ra were 240 ± 120 gC m-2 year-1 and 164 ±102 gC m-2 year-1, respectively. The contribution of Rh to Rs averaged 58.1%, ranging from 45 to 81%. The seasonal changes in Rs and Rh were highly correlated with soil temperature, but not to soil water content. Our results suggest microbial community and activity make a primary contribution to carbon flux released from soil to atmosphere in the studied forest ecosystems.

Plasticity in length of hindgut segments of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd W. Weckerly
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Free Ranging

Plasticity in lengths of small intestines, caeca, and large intestines was examined in free-ranging adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Tennessee, U.S.A. Using cube root of body mass as a covariate, relative lengths of caeca and large intestines varied significantly among seasons, with segments being shortest in fall and longest in summer. The greatest single season increase for caeca (32%) and large intestines (25%) was from fall to winter. Lengths of hindgut segments of lactating and nonlactating females from summer were not statistically different. Analysis of intestinal segments during winter from three sites representing a gradient in forage quality (fiber content) also showed no statistical difference. Seasonal changes in lengths of intestines appear to reflect historical differences in food quantity and quality between fall and winter, increases in metabolism in spring and summer, and changing nutritional needs of the animal across all seasons. The lack of variation in hindgut segments within seasons suggests that intestinal length is under stronger genetic than environmental control.

scholarly journals Daily Streamflow Trends in Western vs. Eastern Norway and their Attribution to Hydro-Meteorological drivers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalie Skålevåg ◽  
K Vormoor
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Trend Analyses ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Spring Flow ◽  
Eastern Norway

Climate change in terms of regional warming and modifications in precipitation regimes has large impacts on streamflow in regions where both rainfall and snowmelt are important runoff generating processes like in Norway. Hydrological impacts of recent changes in climate are usually investigated by trend analyses applied on annual, seasonal, or monthly time series. However, neither of them can detect sub-seasonal changes and their underlying causes. Based on high-resolution trend analyses (i.e., applying the Mann-Kendall test on 10-day-moving-averaged daily time series), this study investigated sub-seasonal changes in daily streamflow, rainfall, and snowmelt in 61 and 51 catchments in Western vs. Eastern Norway (Vestlandet vs. Østlandet), respectively, over the period 1983-2012. The relative contribution of rainfall vs. snowmelt to daily streamflow and the changes therein have also been estimated to identify the changing relevance of these driving processes over the same period. Detected changes in daily streamflow were finally attributed to changes in the most important hydro-meteorological drivers using multiple-regression models with increasing complexity. Results reveal a coherent picture of earlier spring flow timing in both regions due to earlier snowmelt. Other streamflow trend patterns differ between both regions: Østlandet shows increased summer streamflow in catchments up to ~1100 m a.s.l. and slightly increased winter streamflow in about 50 % of the catchments, while trend patterns in Vestlandet are less coherent. The importance of rainfall for streamflow contribution has increased in both regions, and the trend attribution reveals that changes in rainfall and snowmelt can explain streamflow changes to some degree in periods and regions where they are dominant (snowmelt: spring and Østlandet; rainfall: autumn and Vestlandet). However, detected streamflow changes can be best explained by adding temperature as an additional predictor which indicates the relevance of additional driving processes for streamflow changes like increased glacier melt and evapotranspiration.

Thermal Considerations in Lens Regulator Systems

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
K.C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Reference Networks ◽  
Better Than

Thermal effects in lens regulator systems have become a major problem with the extension of electron microscope resolution capabilities below 5 Angstrom units. Larger columns with immersion lenses and increased accelerating potentials have made solutions more difficult by increasing the power being handled. Environmental control, component choice, and wiring design provide answers, however. Figure 1 indicates with broken lines where thermal problems develop in regulator systemsExtensive environmental control is required in the sampling and reference networks. In each case, stability better than I ppm/min. is required. Components with thermal coefficients satisfactory for these applications without environmental control are either not available or priced prohibitively.

Spreading the Word: Seasonal Changes Mean New Opportunities for Media Coverage

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Swimming Pools

Summer kicking into high gear conjures images of swimming pools and barbeques. But before you book your beach house for the weekend, think about what the changing seasons can mean for you professionally.

Seasonal changes in a ultraviolet structural colour signal in blue tits, Parus caeruleus

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS ORNBORG ◽  
STAFFAN ANDERSSON ◽  
SIMON C. GRIFFITH ◽  
BEN C. SHELDON
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Parus Caeruleus ◽  
Structural Colour ◽  
Blue Tits ◽  
Colour Signal

Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
P. Avero ◽  
M. Dolores Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Miguel-Tobal
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Content Specificity ◽  
Specificity Effects

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxiety, or interpersonal and daily-routines anxiety made no specific contribution to any cognitive bias. Multidimensional anxiety measures are useful for detecting content-specificity effects in cognitive biases.

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