ADHD Symptoms and Attachment Representations: Considering the Role of Conduct Problems, Cognitive Deficits and Narrative Responses in Non-Attachment-Related Story Stems

AbstractInfectious diseases may affect brain function and cause encephalopathy even when the pathogen does not directly infect the central nervous system, known as infectious disease-associated encephalopathy. The systemic inflammatory process may result in neuroinflammation, with glial cell activation and increased levels of cytokines, reduced neurotrophic factors, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, neurotransmitter metabolism imbalances, and neurotoxicity, and behavioral and cognitive impairments often occur in the late course. Even though infectious disease-associated encephalopathies may cause devastating neurologic and cognitive deficits, the concept of infectious disease-associated encephalopathies is still under-investigated; knowledge of the underlying mechanisms, which may be distinct from those of encephalopathies of non-infectious cause, is still limited. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of encephalopathies associated with peripheral (sepsis, malaria, influenza, and COVID-19), emerging therapeutic strategies, and the role of neuroinflammation. Graphic abstract

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Longer-Term Outcomes of the Incredible Years Parenting Intervention

Prevention Science ◽

10.1007/s11121-020-01176-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Geertjan Overbeek ◽

Jolien van Aar ◽

Bram Orobio de Castro ◽

Walter Matthys ◽

Joyce Weeland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Conduct Problems ◽

Service Use ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Parenting Intervention ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Incredible Years ◽

Peer Problems ◽

The Incredible Years

Abstract Conduct problems can develop into behavior disorders and put children at risk for other mental health problems. Parenting interventions have been shown to successfully reduce conduct problems and are often expected to prevent the development of broader mental health problems. Few studies have evaluated the longer-term and broader effects of these interventions. To what extent are parenting intervention effects sustained in the years after the intervention? And do effects pertain to conduct problems specifically, or do they also affect broader aspects of children’s mental health? We used a randomized controlled trial to assess the longer-term (2.5 years) effects of the Incredible Years parenting intervention on children’s conduct problems in an indicated prevention setting (N = 387; 79% retention rate). Using a multi-method (survey and computerized tasks) and multi-informant (parents, teachers, and children) approach, we tested whether initial effects on conduct problems were sustained, and whether Incredible Years had broader effects on children’s peer problems, emotional problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, attention and inhibition deficits, and service use. Incredible Years, relative to control (no intervention), led to sustained reductions in parent-reported conduct problems (Cohen’s d = 0.31), but not teacher- and child-reported conduct problems. There were no broader benefits: Incredible Years did not reduce children’s peer problems, emotional problems, ADHD-symptoms, attention and inhibition deficits, or their service use. Improvements in parents’ perceptions of child conduct problems sustained until 2.5 years later. Our findings do not show benefits of Incredible Years as a preventive intervention for children’s broader mental health.

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Cognitive deficits triggered by early life stress: The role of histone deacetylase 1

Neurobiology of Disease ◽

10.1016/j.nbd.2016.05.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Samantha M. Adler ◽

Claudia Schmauss

Keyword(s):

Histone Deacetylase ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Life Stress ◽

Early Life ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Histone Deacetylase 1

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The Role of Self- and Informant-Reports on Symptoms and Impairments in the Clinical Evaluation of Adult ADHD

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4564

Author(s):

Nana Guo ◽

Anselm B. M. Fuermaier ◽

Janneke Koerts ◽

Bernhard W. Mueller ◽

Christian Mette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Test Performance ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Adhd Group ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Clinical Comparison

Little is known about which clinical features may aid the differentiation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other clinical conditions. This study seeks to determine the role of self- and informant reports on symptoms and impairments in the clinical evaluation of adult ADHD and explore their association with objective neuropsychological test performance by examining data of 169 outpatients referred for a diagnostic evaluation of adult ADHD. Participants were assigned either to an ADHD group (ADHD, n = 73) or one of two clinical comparison groups, depending on whether they show indications (Clinical Comparison Group, CCG, n = 53) or no indications (Clinical Comparison Group—Not Diagnosed, CCG-ND, n = 43) of psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. All participants and their informants completed a set of questionnaires. Compared to the CCG-ND, the ADHD group obtained significantly higher scores on ADHD symptoms, impulsivity, cognitive deficits, and anxiety. Compared to the CCG, the ADHD group scored significantly higher on ADHD symptoms but lower on depression. Further regression analyses revealed that self- and informant reports failed to predict neuropsychological test performance. Self- and informant reported information may be distinct features and do not correspond to results of objective neuropsychological testing.

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