Temperament and Behavioral Problems in Young Children: the Protective Role of Extraversion and Effortful Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 3232-3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begoña Delgado ◽  
Miguel A. Carrasco ◽  
Paloma González-Peña ◽  
Francisco P. Holgado-Tello
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Protective Role

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

Developmental foundations of externalizing problems in young children: The role of effortful control

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L. Olson ◽  
Arnold J. Sameroff ◽  
David C. Kerr ◽  
Nestor L. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control

scholarly journals Association of screen time with long-term stress and temperament in preschoolers: results from the DAGIS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805-1812
Author(s):  
Marja H. Leppänen ◽  
Katri Sääksjärvi ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Pauliina Hiltunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Screen time is increasing rapidly in young children. The aim of this study was to examine associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in Finnish preschool children and the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Cross-sectional DAGIS data were utilized. Long-term stress was assessed using hair cortisol concentration, indicating values of the past 2 months. Temperament was reported by the parents using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (the Very Short Form), and three broad temperament dimensions were constructed: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Screen time was reported by the parents over 7 days. The highest education level in the household was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status. In total, 779 children (mean age, 4.7 ± 0.9 years, 52% boys) were included in the study. Of the temperament dimensions, a higher effortful control was associated with less screen time (B = − 6.70, p = 0.002). There was no evidence for an association between hair cortisol concentration and screen time nor a moderating role of socioeconomic status in the associations (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that preschool children with a higher score in effortful control had less screen time. Because effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children. What is Known: • Screen time has increased rapidly during the last decades, and higher screen time has been linked with numerous adverse health consequences in children. • There are no previous studies investigating associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in young children. What is New: • Of the temperament dimensions, effortful control was associated with higher screen time in preschool children, but there was no association found between long-term stress and screen time. • Since effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment and Resilience: The Promotive and Protective Role of Future Orientation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehua Cui ◽  
Assaf Oshri ◽  
Sihong Liu ◽  
Emilie Smith ◽  
Steven M. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
Wide Range

Maltreatment is associated with risk for a wide range of socio-emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. Despite this risk, many maltreated youth adjust well through the process of resilience. Extant research demonstrates that future orientation is linked to reduced risks for maladjustment in adolescence. Few studies, however, have tested the protective and promotive role of future orientation using positive and negative developmental outcomes among maltreated youth. The present study aimed to investigate the promotive and moderating role of future orientation among a longitudinal sample of maltreated and demographically comparable non-maltreated youth (N = 1,354, 51.5% female, 53.2% African American). Data collected from Time 1 (Mage = 4.56, SDage = .70) to Time 8 (Mage = 18.514, SDage = .615) were used. Compared to the non-maltreated youth, maltreated youth showed increased delinquent behaviors and reduced self-esteem. In addition, future orientation significantly predicted higher levels of social competence and attenuated the adverse effects of maltreatment on youth delinquency and substance use. The findings highlight the role of future orientation in the development of resilience among maltreated youth, bearing significant contributions to prevention and intervention programs designed to protect youth against risks linked to child maltreatment and promote their positive development.

scholarly journals Children’s Temperament: A Bridge between Mothers’ Parenting and Aggression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6382
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Carrasco ◽  
Begoña Delgado ◽  
Francisco Pablo Holgado-Tello
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Childhood Aggression ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Maternal Behaviors ◽  
Children's Behavior

Childhood aggression is important to acknowledge due to its social impact and importance in predicting future problems. The temperament of a child and parental socialization have been essential in explaining behavioral problems, particularly in the case of childhood aggression. The aim of this study is to examine—from the parents’ perspective—the role of childhood temperament in the dynamic by which mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression. We also explore how children’s gender and age differences affect these relationships. The sample was composed of 904 participants between 1 and 6 years old. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire were used to evaluate children’s negative affect and effortful control. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory Maternal was used to assess maternal communication and discipline, and child aggression was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Checklist. The results supported the mediating role of temperament in the processes by which perceived mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression and suggested that maternal behaviors may not have the same consequences for girls and boys. Specifically, the aggressiveness of girls is dependent on a negative affect throughout toddlerhood and early childhood, while for boys, the duration of the negative affect’s contribution is shorter, and aggressiveness is more sensitive to the maternal behaviors of discipline and communication.

scholarly journals Attention bias to reward predicts behavioral problems and moderates early risk to externalizing and attention problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Morales ◽  
Natalie V. Miller ◽  
Sonya V. Troller-Renfree ◽  
Lauren K. White ◽  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Early Risk Factors ◽  
Reward Bias

AbstractThe current study had three goals. First, we replicated recent evidence that suggests a concurrent relation between attention bias to reward and externalizing and attention problems at age 7. Second, we extended these findings by examining the relations between attention and behavioral measures of early exuberance (3 years), early effortful control (4 years), and concurrent effortful control (7 years), as well as later behavioral problems (9 years). Third, we evaluated the role of attention to reward in the longitudinal pathways between early exuberance and early effortful control to predict externalizing and attention problems. Results revealed that attention bias to reward was associated concurrently and longitudinally with behavioral problems. Moreover, greater reward bias was concurrently associated with lower levels of parent-reported effortful control. Finally, attention bias to reward moderated the longitudinal relations between early risk factors for behavioral problems (gender, exuberance, and effortful control) and later externalizing and attention problems, such that these early risk factors were most predictive of behavioral problems for males with a large attention bias to reward. These findings suggest that attention bias to reward may act as a moderator of early risk, aiding the identification of children at the highest risk for later behavioral problems.

Developmental foundations of externalizing problems in young children: The role of effortful control

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERYL L. OLSON ◽  
ARNOLD J. SAMEROFF ◽  
DAVID C. R. KERR ◽  
NESTOR L. LOPEZ ◽  
HENRY M. WELLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

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