scholarly journals Child Maltreatment and Resilience: The Promotive and Protective Role of Future Orientation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehua Cui ◽  
Assaf Oshri ◽  
Sihong Liu ◽  
Emilie Smith ◽  
Steven M. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
Wide Range

Maltreatment is associated with risk for a wide range of socio-emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. Despite this risk, many maltreated youth adjust well through the process of resilience. Extant research demonstrates that future orientation is linked to reduced risks for maladjustment in adolescence. Few studies, however, have tested the protective and promotive role of future orientation using positive and negative developmental outcomes among maltreated youth. The present study aimed to investigate the promotive and moderating role of future orientation among a longitudinal sample of maltreated and demographically comparable non-maltreated youth (N = 1,354, 51.5% female, 53.2% African American). Data collected from Time 1 (Mage = 4.56, SDage = .70) to Time 8 (Mage = 18.514, SDage = .615) were used. Compared to the non-maltreated youth, maltreated youth showed increased delinquent behaviors and reduced self-esteem. In addition, future orientation significantly predicted higher levels of social competence and attenuated the adverse effects of maltreatment on youth delinquency and substance use. The findings highlight the role of future orientation in the development of resilience among maltreated youth, bearing significant contributions to prevention and intervention programs designed to protect youth against risks linked to child maltreatment and promote their positive development.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment and Resilience: The Promotive and Protective Role of Future Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2075-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehua Cui ◽  
Assaf Oshri ◽  
Sihong Liu ◽  
Emilie P. Smith ◽  
Steven M. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Protective Role

scholarly journals Albizia chinensis bark extract ameliorates the genotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Nabil ◽  
Entesar E. Hassan ◽  
Neven S. Ghaly ◽  
Fawzia A. Aly ◽  
Farouk R. Melek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background The genus Albizia (Leguminoseae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of ailments. Recently, saponins from plant origin have attracted much attention. Saponins are recorded to have a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. This study was performed to evaluate the protective role of Albizia chinensis bark methanolic extract (MEAC) against the genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) using different mutagenic parameters. Results The results showed that MEAC induced an inhibitory effect against chromosomal aberrations of CP in mouse bone marrow and spermatocytes. Such effect was found to be significant (p < 0.01) with a dose of 100 mg/kg treated once for 24 h and also after repeated treatment at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 7 days. In sperm abnormalities, the protective effect of Albizia extract showed a dose-related relationship. Different doses of MEAC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) ameliorated sperm abnormalities induced by CP dose-dependently. The percentage of sperm abnormalities was decreased to 5.14 ± 0.72 in the group of animals treated with CP plus MEAC (100 mg/kg) indicating an inhibitory effect of about 50%. Conclusion MEAC at the doses examined was non-genotoxic compared to control (negative) and exhibited a protective role against CP genotoxicity.

Theraplay

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tucker ◽  
Sondra Smith-Adcock
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Childhood Problems ◽  
Families With Children

Theraplay® is a brief, attachment-based parent-child psychotherapy approach that uses interactional play to establish ‘affectional' bonds between caregiver and child. Recent research related to Theraplay suggests it is an evidence-based practice for use in schools and clinical settings for a wide range of childhood problems, including those that are trauma-based. Of particular importance, Theraplay is emerging as an approach that is consistent with current neuroscience research on children's brain development and new understandings of attachment and disruption advanced by researchers. Young clients with some form of trauma-related symptoms comprise a large percentage of clinical cases, and present with complicated emotional and behavioral problems In this chapter, we will explore the basic theoretical underpinnings of Theraplay, the relevant mechanisms of change, and current evidence base. Although Theraplay can be used with a wide range of clients and problems, in this chapter, the focus will be on the applicatio with families with children who have experienced trauma.

Eating problems and body image among Finnish adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S560-S560
Author(s):  
A. Sourander ◽  
J. Maezono
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectiveTo study prevalence of self-reported body image and eating distress symptoms among Finnish adolescents, and to study associations between psychopathology, body image and eating distress.DesignCross-sectional population-based, survey subjects, 7th to 9th grade students aged 13–15: 3154 in Finland in 2014.MethodsData were collected by student self-reported questionnaire including scale designed for evaluating attitudes and behaviors towards body shape and eating, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for assessing emotional and behavioral problems.ResultsThe female adolescents reported much more dissatisfaction and concerns with their bodies than the males, high levels of distress with body emotional, behavioral and peer problems measured with SDQ. Body image and eating problems were higher in Finnish than Japanese females with peer problems.ConclusionThe finding was in accordance with previous studies that found that body image and eating distress are associated with to gender and wide range of psychiatric problems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on Research Models and Tools to Study Virus–Host Interactions at the Placenta

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Kyung Lee ◽  
Soo-Jin Oh ◽  
Hosun Park ◽  
Ok Sarah Shin
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission ◽  
Immunological Barrier

The placenta is a unique mixed organ, composed of both maternal and fetal tissues, that is formed only during pregnancy and serves as the key physiological and immunological barrier preventing maternal–fetal transmission of pathogens. Several viruses can circumvent this physical barrier and enter the fetal compartment, resulting in miscarriage, preterm birth, and birth defects, including microcephaly. The mechanisms underlying viral strategies to evade the protective role of placenta are poorly understood. Here, we reviewed the role of trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells in the placenta and have highlighted characteristics of vertical and perinatal infections caused by a wide range of viruses. Moreover, we explored current progress and future opportunities in cellular targets, pathogenesis, and underlying biological mechanisms of congenital viral infections, as well as novel research models and tools to study the placenta.

The protective role of mentalizing: Reflective functioning as a mediator between child maltreatment, psychopathology and parental attitude in expecting parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 104065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berthelot ◽  
Roxanne Lemieux ◽  
Julia Garon-Bissonnette ◽  
Carl Lacharité ◽  
Maria Muzik
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Parental Attitude

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON THE NEURAL CIRCUITS IN ANXIETY DISORDERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ashwani Arya ◽  
Gulshan Sindhwani
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Reciprocal Connections

ABSTRACTAnxiety disorders are among the most common mental, emotional, and behavioral problems. These affect one-eighth of the total population worldwide.Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by irritability, fear, insomnia, nervousness, tachycardia, inability to concentrate,poor coping skills, palpitation, sweating, agoraphobia, and social withdrawal. Brain regions and networks involved in anxiety symptomatology isan effort to better understand the mechanism involved and to develop more effective treatments for the anxiety disorders. Thus, neuroanatomicaland neuroimaging research in anxiety disorders has centered on the role of the amygdala, reciprocal connections between the amygdala and theprefrontal cortex, and, most recently, alterations in interoceptive processing by the anterior insula. Anxiety disorders are characterized by alterationsin a diverse range of neurochemical systems, suggesting ample novel targets for drug therapies. The neurotransmitter like corticotropin-releasingfactor, neuropeptides (substance P, neuropeptide Y, oxytocin, orexin, and galanin) are implicated in anxiety pathways. Each of these active areas ofresearch holds promise for expanding and improving evidence-based treatment options for individuals suffering with clinical anxiety. Therefore,this article gives the information on the neurocognitive mechanisms, causes, neurotransmitter involved in anxiety disorders and emphasize on thetherapeutic targets for anxiety disorders.Keywords: Anxiety, Stress, Amygdala, Corticotropin releasing factor, Insula, Thalamus.

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