scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Behavior Observation Coding Systems in Child Maltreatment Risk Evaluation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Zumbach ◽  
Anna Oster ◽  
Annika Rademacher ◽  
Ute Koglin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Observational Coding ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Child Maltreatment Risk ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractPerforming child maltreatment risk assessments is a challenging task that calls for valid and reliable measures. In child protection proceedings, mental health professionals conduct maltreatment assessments that often form an important basis for judicial decision making. Because parent–child interaction is a key construct in maltreatment risk evaluations, observational assessment measures are crucial. This systematic review aims to identify observational coding systems of parent–child interaction that are applicable for psychological evaluations of the risk of child maltreatment. The goal is to examine the potential of observational coding systems to discriminate behavior of parents who have versus have not engaged in child maltreatment. A systematic literature search led to the inclusion of 13 studies published in the United States and Europe that were then analyzed in detail. Across the 13 studies, this review identified 11 unique observational coding systems. Results are summarized systematically for study characteristics and outcomes. Additionally, the main characteristics of the observational coding systems are identified and analyzed, including the age range of the child, observation tasks, measured constructs, and reliability. The discussion focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the individual observational coding systems in the context of child maltreatment risk assessments.

scholarly journals Assessing Parent Behaviours in Parent–Child Interactions with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Infants Aged 0–3 Years: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3345
Author(s):  
Martina Curtin ◽  
Evelien Dirks ◽  
Madeline Cruice ◽  
Rosalind Herman ◽  
Lauren Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Background: Despite early identification and advancements in cochlear implant and hearing aid technology, delays in language skills in deaf children continue to exist. Good-quality parent–child interaction (PCI) is a key predictor for the successful development of deaf children’s signed and/or spoken language. Though professionals have standard assessments to monitor child language, a clinical tool to observe the quality of parental interaction is yet to be developed. Aims and methods: This systematic review with narrative synthesis aims to uncover which parent behaviours are assessed in PCI studies with deaf infants aged 0–3 years, how these behaviours are assessed, and which are correlated with higher scores in child language. Results: Sixty-one papers were included, spanning 40 years of research. Research included in the review assessed parents’ skills in gaining attention, joint engagement, emotional sensitivity, and language input. PCI was mostly assessed using coding systems and frame-by-frame video analysis. Some of the parent behaviours mentioned previously are associated with more words produced by deaf children. Conclusion: The results of the review provide the evidence base required to develop the content of a future clinical assessment tool for parent–child interaction in deafness.

Observational Coding Systems of Parent-Child Interactions During Painful Procedures: A Systematic Review

Pain Practice ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbing Bai ◽  
Kristen M. Swanson ◽  
Sheila J. Santacroce
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Coding ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child

scholarly journals Parent mediated intervention programmes for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders in South Asia: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247432
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Koly ◽  
Susanne P. Martin-Herz ◽  
Md. Saimul Islam ◽  
Nusrat Sharmin ◽  
Hannah Blencowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Objective Parent-mediated programmes have been found to be cost effective for addressing the needs of the children and adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) in high-income countries. We explored the impact of parent-mediated intervention programmes in South Asia, where the burden of NDD is high. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the following databases; PUBMED, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Predefined MeSH terms were used, and articles were included if published prior to January 2020. Two independent researchers screened the articles and reviewed data. Outcomes measures The review included studies that targeted children and adolescents between 1 and 18 years of age diagnosed with any of four specific NDDs that are commonly reported in South Asia; Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Cerebral Palsy (CP). Studies that reported on parent or child outcomes, parent-child interaction, parent knowledge of NDDs, or child activities of daily living were included for full text review. Results A total of 1585 research articles were retrieved and 23 studies met inclusion criteria, including 9 Randomized Controlled Trials and 14 pre-post intervention studies. Of these, seventeen studies reported effectiveness, and six studies reported feasibility and acceptability of the parent-mediated interventions. Three studies demonstrated improved parent-child interaction, three studies demonstrated improved child communication initiations, five studies reported improved social and communication skills in children, four studies demonstrated improved parental knowledge about how to teach their children, and four studies reported improved motor and cognitive skills, social skills, language development, learning ability, or academic performance in children. Conclusion This systematic review of 23 studies demonstrated improvements in parent and child skills following parent-mediated intervention in South Asia. Additional evaluations of locally customized parent-mediated programmes are needed to support development of feasible interventions for South Asian countries.

Tailoring Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a Case of Child Maltreatment

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. N’zi ◽  
Sheila M. Eyberg
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Model Review ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Chapter 1 discusses a case of child maltreatment and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and how Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) can be tailored to such a case. It includes various aspects and stages of the treatment, including information about the case referral, key principles, assessment strategy, epidemiological and contextual considerations, case formulation, selecting an intervention model, review of the general therapy process, and information about tailoring the PCIT on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals Association Between Parenting and School Refusal Among Elementary School Children in Japan: Results From A-CHILD Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Fukuya ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Aya Isumi ◽  
Satomi Doi ◽  
Manami Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
First Grade ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between parenting, including the parent–child interaction and child maltreatment in the first grade (6–7 years old), and school refusal in the second (7–8 years old) and fourth (9–10 years old) grades among elementary school children in Japan.Methods: Data were from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) longitudinal study conducted in 2015, 2016, and 2018 in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. A questionnaire was distributed to all the first-grade school children (N = 5,355) in 2015. Of the total 4,291 valid children (response rate: 80.1%), 3,590 and 3,070 children were followed up to the second and fourth grades, respectively. Caregivers responded to the questionnaire on the parent–child interaction and child maltreatment, including neglect, physical abuse, and psychological abuse in the first grade and school refusal in the second and fourth grades. We conducted multiple imputation for missing data. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for this analysis adjusting for child mental health in the first grade and sociodemographic characteristics.Results: Prevalence of school refusal was 1.8% (n = 64) in the second grade and 2% (n = 60) in the fourth grade. We found no association of the parent–child interaction and child maltreatment in the first grade and with school refusal in the second and fourth grades, respectively, after adjusting for covariates.Conclusions: Parenting, such as the parent–child interaction and child maltreatment, may not be associated with school refusal among elementary school children. Further longitudinal research is needed to elucidate other factors, such as peer relationships and school environment, which can affect school refusal.

scholarly journals In vivo social regulation of high-risk parenting: A conceptual model of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for child maltreatment prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Skowron ◽  
Beverly W. Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Parents are involved in most documented cases of child physical abuse and neglect, and thus represent critical targets for intervention to prevent child maltreatment and support family preservation. Meta-analyses show that Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) significantly reduces child abuse and neglect in families where maltreatment has already occurred; however, research into the underlying mechanisms of change (i.e., how PCIT effects positive changes in parenting) remains limited. In this article, we discuss a new conceptual model of PCIT’s active ingredients that is informed by biobehavioral research documenting the physiological underpinnings of problematic parenting. We describe deficits in self-regulation observed in child maltreating parents and PCIT’s unique live coaching approach and associated techniques that may form the basis for in-vivo social regulation in the act of parenting that supports more effective, positive parenting behavior, strengthens parents’ self-regulation skills, and reduces child maltreatment.

scholarly journals Can parent-infant observation predict later childhood psychopathology: a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Elena McAndie ◽  
Lucy Thompson ◽  
Philip Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Childhood Psychopathology ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

AimsDifficulties in parent-child interaction are easily observed and are a potential target for early intervention. This study aimed to assess the utility of observation of parent-child interaction in the first year of life in identifying children at risk of developing later psychopathology, using a rigorous systematic review method.MethodEMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MIDIRS, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched using MeSH terms and keywords, and reference lists screened. Two authors independently reviewed papers for inclusion and completed data extraction. All peer reviewed papers studying the association between an independent observation of parent-child interaction and later childhood psychopathology in community-based samples were included. Studies based on ‘high risk’ samples (studies exclusively examining cohorts with a sibling or parent with a mental illness or studies of low birth weight or premature infants and those with other physical comorbidities) were excluded. Results were synthesised qualitatively due to high heterogeneity.Result18,226 papers were identified, nine were included in this study. Childhood psychopathology was associated with fewer positive parent-infant interactions, lower parent vocalisation frequency and lower levels of adult speech and activity. Maternal sensitivity was inversely related to separation anxiety and oppositional defiant/conduct disorders were associated with lower shared look rates. Disruptive behaviour disorders were associated with higher frequency of child vocalisation. Pervasive developmental disorders were associated with ‘abnormal’ maternal infant interactions, as assessed by community health nurses using a standardised measure.ConclusionIncluded studies reported small samples, and several of these samples overlapped. Some studies were of poor quality, but were included due to a paucity of available data. The findings may therefore have limited generalisability. Difficulties in parent-child interaction are easily observed and assessments could be made by non-specialists such as health visitors or general practitioners. Such difficulties may be an early indicator of later childhood psychopathology. Childhood psychiatric diagnoses (with the exception of Autistic Spectrum Disorders) appear associated with level of maternal activity (vocalisation, physical activity, positive parenting and shared attention). Assessments may identify at-risk families for early intervention, but further work is required to develop and validate reliable methods for risk stratification in community-based practice.

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