The Concept of the Universe in Physical Cosmology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Fernández-Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe

Philosophy of Cosmology

Philosophy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Fox ◽  
Marie Gueguen ◽  
Adam Koberinski ◽  
Chris Smeenk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Philosophy Of Cosmology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Scientific Debates ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
General Philosophy Of Science

Physical cosmology, the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and its evolution, has become a central area of research in fundamental physics. Theoretical and observational developments have led to acceptance of a “standard model” describing the history of the universe in impressive detail. These developments raise a number of challenging foundational questions that have stimulated the emerging field of philosophy of cosmology. Many of these questions are closely tied to discussions in general philosophy of science and philosophy of physics, whereas others are distinctive to the field. This bibliography aims to provide an orientation for both kinds of questions. As philosophy of cosmology is an emerging field, the literature in this area is sparse. Hence this bibliography includes two kinds of references that do not explicitly address philosophy of cosmology. First, it identifies several philosophical papers regarding other scientific fields, with the thought that these will inform discussions of parallel issues in cosmology. Second, it includes several references to the scientific literature, to provide philosophers with a useful orientation to contemporary scientific debates.

The Development of Physical Cosmology

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-226
Author(s):  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Stellar Astronomy ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Opening Up

This chapter introduces physical cosmology as the attempt to make sense of the large-scale nature of the material world by the methods of the natural sciences. It explains that physical cosmology operates under the special restrictions of astronomy, which is considered successful in sister fields, such as stellar astronomy and particle physics. It cites the substantial progress of cosmology as an enterprise in physical science, although the advances certainly have moved around considerable gaps in one's understanding. The chapter details how cosmology inherits from basic physics the more ancient and honorable tradition of attempts to understand where the world came from, where it is going, and why. It reviews believable evidence that the universe is expanding, the space between the galaxies opening up, and that this expansion traces back to a hot dense phase, the big bang.

scholarly journals Cosmic metal enrichment

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S255) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Andrea Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Intergalactic Medium ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Present Understanding

AbstractI review the present understanding of the process by which the universe has been enriched in the course of its history with heavy elements produced by stars and transported into the surrounding intergalactic medium. This process goes under the name of “cosmic metal enrichment” and presents some of the most challenging puzzles in present day physical cosmology. These are reviewed along with some proposed explanations that all together form a coherent working scenario.

The Beginning of the Universe and of Time

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Swinburne
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe

What does it mean to say that the Universe had a beginning? There are different ways of spelling this out. I shall develop them, consider the logical relations between them, and support one as best capturing our intuitive understanding of this notion. I shall then draw a conclusion about whether Time could (it is logically possible) have a beginning. Finally I shall consider, on my preferred understanding of what it is for the Universe to have a beginning, what physical cosmology can show about whether it did in fact have a beginning.I understand by a Universe, a system of substances temporally connected to each other. I understand by a substance a thing with causal powers or liabilities, that is able to act or be acted upon. Substances will thus include both material objects and any other physical objects there may be such as chunks of energy or the fluctuating ‘vacuum’ of quantum field theory, and immaterial objects, if there are any, such as souls and ghosts. I understand by two substances being temporally connected that they exist for periods of time which are either earlier than, overlap with, or are later than each other.

Principles of Physical Cosmology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Nobel Lecture ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cosmological Tests ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe

This book is the essential introduction to this critical area of modern physics, written by a leading pioneer who has shaped the course of the field for decades. The book provides an authoritative overview of the field, showing how observation has combined with theory to establish the science of physical cosmology. The book presents the elements of physical cosmology, including the history of the discovery of the expanding universe; surveys the cosmological tests that measure the geometry of space-time, with a discussion of general relativity as the basis for these tests; and reviews the origin of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe. Now featuring the author's 2019 Nobel lecture, the book remains an indispensable reference for students and researchers alike.

J. Howard Sobel on the Kalam Cosmological Argument

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Lane Craig
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kalam Cosmological Argument ◽  
Kalām Cosmological Argument ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe

IntroductionJ. Howard Sobel devotes seventy pages of his wide-ranging analysis of theistic arguments to a critique of the cosmological argument. The focus of that critique falls on the argument a contingentia mundi; but he also offers in passing some criticisms of the argument ab initio mundi, or the kalam cosmological argument.Sobel provides the following Statement of the argument:Everything that begins to exist has a cause of its existence.The universe began to exist.Therefore, the universe has a cause of its existence [that did not begin to exist].Sobel will accept the causal premiss (1) only if ‘begins to exist’ means ‘has a first instant of its existence,’ and he disputes the arguments and evidence for (2).Traditional proponents of the kalam argument sought to justify (2) by means of philosophical arguments against the infinity of the past, while contemporary interest in the argument arises from the empirical evidence of physical cosmology for the truth of (2).

scholarly journals How Neutrosophic Logic may Resolve Dispute on the Origin of the Universe through re-reading Gen. 1:1-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Christianto ◽  
Florentin Smarandache
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Neutrosophic Logic ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
State Models ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

In recent years, the Big Bang as described by the Lambda CDM-Standard Model Cosmology has become widely accepted by majority of physics and cosmology communities. But the philosophical problems remain, as Vaas pointed out: Did the universe have a beginning or does it exist forever, i.e. is it eternal at least in relation to the past? This fundamental question was a main topic in ancient philosophy of nature and the Middle Ages, and still has its revival in modern physical cosmology both in the controversy between the big bang and steady state models some decades ago and in the contemporary attempts to explain the big bang within a quantum cosmological (vacuum fluctuation) framework. In this paper we argue that Neutrosophic Logic offers a resolution to the long standing disputes between beginning and eternity of the Universe. In other words, in this respect we agree with Vaas, i.e. it can be shown: “how a conceptual and perhaps physical solution of the temporal aspect of Immanuel Kant’s „first antinomy of pure reason“ is possible, i.e. how our universe in some respect could have both a beginning and an eternal existence. Therefore, paradoxically, there might have been a time before time or a beginning of time in time.” By the help of computational simulation, we also show how a model of early Universe with rotation can fit this new picture. Further observations are recommended.

scholarly journals What do we talk about when we speak of cosmological redshift?

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Gabriel R Bengochea
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Do So

From the first observations made by Slipher, our understanding and interpretation of the cosmological redshift was evolving until reaching the current consensus, through the expanding universe and the emergence of modern physical cosmology within the framework of General Relativity. The redshift is one of the most basic concepts of astronomy, and is one of the few observational parameters that can be measured directly. To refer to the temporal evolution of objects or cosmic structures in the universe, we often do so indistinctly through cosmic time or cosmological redshift. But repeatedly this connection ends up generating confusion not only among popular science communicators but also within the professional astronomical community. In this article, we will make a pedagogical approach to the link between cosmic time and cosmological redshift, and we will also clarify several common misunderstandings around this relation.

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