Transfer of invertebrates with hay during restoration operations of extensively managed grasslands in Switzerland

Journal of Insect Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10841-020-00282-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ariane Stöckli ◽

Daniel Slodowicz ◽

Raphaël Arlettaz ◽

Jean-Yves Humbert

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Survival Probability ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Insect Conservation ◽

Established Method ◽

True Bugs ◽

To Receive

Abstract Introduction Hay transfer from a speciose donor meadow to a species-poor receiver grassland is an established method to restore species-rich grassland plant communities. However, it has rarely been investigated to which extent invertebrates can be transferred with hay during such operations, which was the aim of this study. Methods Sampling was conducted in eight sites of the Swiss lowlands with one donor meadow and two receiver sites each. On the receiver sites, three to four white bed sheets of one square meter each were deployed on the ground to receive a standard quantity of fresh hay just transferred from the donor meadow. All living invertebrates were collected from these sheets with an aspirator and subsequently identified to order level. Results On average (± SD), 9.2 ± 11.3 living invertebrates per square meter were transferred with the hay. Beetles were the most abundant species group, representing 46.9% of all transferred invertebrates, followed by true bugs (8.9%) and spiders (7.0%). More individuals were transferred when the donor meadow was mown with a hand motor bar mower than with a rotary disc mower. Similarly, more invertebrates were transferred when the hay was transported loosely with a forage wagon than compacted as bales. Discussion While this study demonstrates that living invertebrates can be transferred with the hay, their subsequent survival and establishment remains to be explored. Implications for insect conservation We recommend using a hand motor bar mower and a forage wagon for increasing the survival probability of invertebrates in hay transfer.

Download Full-text

Swamp plant communities with Salix reptans Rupr. and S. lanata L. in the west of tundra zone of Taymyr Peninsula

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2003.05.28 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 28-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. L. Zanokha

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Species Group ◽

Intermediate Position ◽

Tundra Zone ◽

The West ◽

Diagnostic Species ◽

New Associations ◽

Mire Vegetation ◽

Humidity Gradient ◽

Ecological Regime

The 2 new associations, Carici stantis—Salicetum reptantis and Salico-Polemonietum acutiflori, are described within the all. Caricionstantis of the class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae R. Tx. 1937 for the northern belt of the typical tundra subzone of Taymyr. The diagnostic species group of the first syntaxon includes plants typical of sites with excessive watering. The ass. Carici stantis—Salicetum reptantis is restricted to bottoms or lower parts of the watershed and mountain terrace slopes. The ecological regime of these sites is subject to slight variations reflected in presence/ absence of certain species. Due to floristic differences, the association is subdivided into several subassociations which form a topographic-ecological series along the humidity gradient: epilobietosum palustris→ptilidietosum ciliaris→typicum→petasitetosum frigidi. The ass. Carici stantis—Salicetum reptantis is referred to the all. Caricionstantis which also includes the associations Meesiotriquetris—Caricetumstantis and Pooarcticae—Dupontietumfisheri (also described from the Ragozinka R. basin); the latter occur in the wet depressions between sloping hills and the flowing valleys, respectively. If compared to these two, the ass. Carici stantis—Salicetum reptantis is shown to hold an intermediate position between them. The ass. Salico-Polemonietum acutiflori with the 2 variants, Salix lanata and S. reptans, represents various variants of mire vegetation which have undergone zoogenic transformation (by lemmings). The stands size 1—1.5 m2 in space. The diagnostic species group comprises plants common of the wet mossy stream banks. The association is referred to the all. Caricion stantis, although many diagnostic species of the alliance are not present in its composition. When the new data are available, the association is probable to be separated into an independent alliance.

Download Full-text

Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the peat bogs of Belarusian Lakeland

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2016-0085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Gennadi G. Sushko

Keyword(s):

Abundant Species ◽

Common Species ◽

Peat Bogs ◽

True Bugs ◽

Sweep Net

AbstractThe first overview on the Heteroptera of peat bogs of the Belarusian Lakeland is presented. Five natural oligotrophic peat bogs were studied in 2012–2014 by entomological sweep-net. A total of almost 2,612 true bugs were sampled, representing 83 species of 13 families. Ten species (12.11–36.72% of the individuals) were tyrphobiontic or tyrphophilous. The five most abundant species represented 71.39–82.30% of the individuals. The most common species were

Download Full-text

Composition, density and biomass of fish community from the surf zone as a function of the lunar cycle at Miramar Beach in Cabedelo, Paraíba

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20170042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Willy Vila Nova Pessoa ◽

Jonas de Assis Almeida Ramos ◽

Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Surf Zone ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Lunar Cycle ◽

Species Group ◽

Biological Interactions ◽

The Moon ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean ◽

New Moon ◽

Density And Biomass

ABSTRACT The influence of the moon cycles on the ichthyofauna has been little studied in the surf zone. In this study, the number of species, density and biomass were evaluated as a function of the moon. A total of 49 species distributed in 24 families were captured in two areas of Miramar beach. The mean density was significant high in the weaning and low in the new moon, while density and biomass together showed differences for areas. The most abundant species were Anchoa tricolor and Trachinotus falcatus (new moon), and Anchovia clupeoides showed significant differences in the waning moon. The RDA indicates that turbidity influenced significantly the presence of two species group. The group I were represented by Stellifer brasiliensis, Trachinotus goodei, A. clupeoides, Chilomycterus spinosus and Conodon nobilis that occurred on the waning and new phases in both areas, while the group II were represented by Polydactylus virginicus and Haemulopsis corvinaeformis in the full moon. The surf zones may also be strongly governed by the lunar phases. Therefore, the results found in this study, showed that the biological interactions between the species with turbidity and moon might explain the density and biomass variations for some species in the surf zone.

Download Full-text

Cross-over evaluation of electrically induced pain and hyperalgesia

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.sjpain.2010.08.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 205-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Dusch ◽

B. Namer ◽

M. Strupf ◽

M. Schley ◽

R. Rukwied ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Administration ◽

Experimental Protocol ◽

Established Method ◽

Double Blind ◽

Axon Reflex ◽

Pain Model ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

To Receive

AbstractBackgroundAnewexperimental protocol of electrically induced pain and hyperalgesia was established to examine orally administered drugs. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study this experimental protocol was used to assess the effects of paracetamol.MethodsTwenty-four subjects were enrolled in this study. The magnitude of pain, axon reflex flare, and areas of pin-prick hyperalgesia and touch-evoked allodynia were assessed in two consecutive sessions; prior to, and 2 h after drug administration. This protocol was repeated after 1 week. Subjects were randomized to receive either paracetamol (2 g) or a placebo.ResultsIn comparison to the placebo arm there were no significant effects of paracetamol on pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia, or axon reflex flare. Pain and flare responses were highly reproducible on the same day (r = 0.77 and r = 0.79, respectively), and after 1 week (r = 0.6 and r = 0.71, respectively). The correlation between areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia was, however, significantly improved when the protocol was repeated on the same day (r = 0.8 and r = 0.75), as opposed to after a week (r = 0.54 and r = 0.53).DiscussionThe electrical pain model is a well established method for the assessment of intravenously applied analgesics. In order to assess effects of orally applied drugs the model had to be modified: for the assessment of hyperalgesia and allodynia a protocol repeating the model within 1 day proved to have advantages over repetition after 1 week.

Download Full-text

ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES IN THE CROWNS OF THE NATURAL AND PLANTED STANDS OF PINUS RADIATA (MONTEREY PINE) IN CALIFORNIA

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent113673-8 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 113 (8) ◽

pp. 673-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. P. Ohmart ◽

W. G. Voigt

Keyword(s):

Pinus Radiata ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Arthropod Communities ◽

Insect Communities ◽

Monterey Pine ◽

Species Groups ◽

Low Levels ◽

Natural Stands ◽

Number Of Individuals

AbstractOne hundred and ten species of insects together with unidentified spiders and pseudoscorpions were collected in foliage samples of Pinus radiata taken from the three natural mainland populations and two planted populations in California. The diversity of the arthropod community in the crowns of P. radiata D.Don was low with 76% of the total number of individuals accounted for by five species groups and 88% by 11 species groups. Spiders were the most abundant species group, comprising 33% of the total number of individuals. The most abundant insect groups were Homoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera, respectively. The natural stands supported more species at higher population levels than the planted stands which supported only two species at very high population levels and the rest at low levels. The arthropod communities at the borders of the natural stands were more diverse than at the centers of the stands. The degree of similarity between the natural stands seemed to reflect their geographic distribution; Ano Nuevo and Monterey were most alike and the differences between Ano Nuevo and Cambria were greater than those between Monterey and Cambria. Differences in insect communities within and between the natural and planted stands are discussed in detail.

Download Full-text

Size effects occurring in defect-free spruce – pine – fir bending specimens

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l91-078 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 637-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Borg Madsen ◽

M. Tomoi

Keyword(s):

Size Effects ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Efficient Design ◽

Length Effect ◽

Depth Effect ◽

Structural Engineer ◽

Structural Grade ◽

Effect Parameter ◽

Increased Strength

While it has been established previously that the strengths of commercial timber products containing knots and other natural growth characteristics are greatly influenced by the physical dimensions of the pieces, it has not been established whether the same is the case for defect-free wood. The structural engineer has a choice of many grades of timber available for his designs and it may be argued that these grades form a stepwise progression from the rather weak No. 3 grade through select structural grade and into clear defect-free sawn wood. For efficient design, it is important to have the size effects correctly quantified for the different qualities. This study concentrates on quantifying the size effect at the strong end of the perceived progression of increased strength, the clear defect-free wood. For the bending tests carried out in this study, it was found that the length effect was very pronounced while thickness did not affect strength. A consistent depth effect could not be found. If some depth effect did exist, it would be of second order in importance relative to the length effect. From the tests, it was established that the length effect parameter is unlikely to be less than 0.17 for bending. The work was conducted using the species group spruce–pine–fir, which is the most abundant species group in Canada. The tests add further evidence to the argument that the effect of length must be included in the design process for any material where the strength varies along the length of the member. Key words: size effects, defect-free wood, spruce–pine–fir, adjustment factor, length effect parameter.

Download Full-text

Long-term effects of 2, 4-D application on plants. I. Effects on the weed community in a wheat crop

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b87-343 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (12) ◽

pp. 2530-2536 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Larry Hume

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Thlaspi Arvense ◽

Tolerant Species ◽

The Difference

At Indian Head, Saskatchewan, there are plots that have been sprayed annually with 2,4-D for 36 years, since 1947. Herbicide application rates since 1969 in two sets of plots were 0.42 and 1.12 kg/ha, along with control plots with no application. The crop was wheat in a 3-year wheat – wheat – fallow rotation. The plots were monitored throughout the growing season in 1982 and 1983. The 14 most abundant species on these plots were grouped as susceptible, moderately tolerant, or highly tolerant to 2,4-D. These three groups differed significantly from each other with respect to the number of emerging seedlings during four separate time periods, survival to crop harvest, plant dry weight, and seed production. In all treatments, plant number and size decreased with emergence date, with only a few small plants emerging late in the season. Over the long term, 2,4-D use significantly reduced the number of plants of susceptible species, but it did not eliminate them. Reduced numbers of susceptible plants enabled the number of plants of highly tolerant species to increase. Even in plots treated with high rates of 2,4-D, plants of the susceptible species, Chenopodium album L. and Thlaspi arvense L., were still as abundant as those of any other species group. The overall effect of 2,4-D application was to reduce the difference in performance of susceptible and tolerant species, resulting in changes in quantitative aspects of community structure. No new major species has become established since 1947 as a result of 2,4-D application.

Download Full-text

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000018321 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 62 (03) ◽

pp. 411-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Colin W. Stearn

Keyword(s):

Patch Reef ◽

Abundant Species ◽

The Other ◽

North Central ◽

Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

Download Full-text