Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the peat bogs of Belarusian Lakeland

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadi G. Sushko
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
True Bugs ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractThe first overview on the Heteroptera of peat bogs of the Belarusian Lakeland is presented. Five natural oligotrophic peat bogs were studied in 2012–2014 by entomological sweep-net. A total of almost 2,612 true bugs were sampled, representing 83 species of 13 families. Ten species (12.11–36.72% of the individuals) were tyrphobiontic or tyrphophilous. The five most abundant species represented 71.39–82.30% of the individuals. The most common species were

STUDIES ON THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF ALFALFA: V. SPIDERS (ARANEIDA)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractThe spider fauna of alfalfa was studied at Ithaca, N.Y., in three experimental plots and in nearby fields during 1966–69. As part of an overall study of the arthropod fauna of alfalfa, the spider populations in the study plots were recorded weekly during visual examination of the terminal 6 in. of five stems for 100 plants in each of the plots. Additional information was obtained from sweep-net and pitfall trap collections in the study plots and from sweeping several commercial plantings. The spider fauna of alfalfa was found to consist of 78 species, 10 of which were collected only from the ground layer. Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz and Dictyna volucripes Keyserling were the most abundant species found in the weekly samples. Notes on the seasonal occurrence, location on the plants, and feeding habits are given for the common species.

Reliability of Singing Bird Surveys: Changes in Observer Efficiency with Avian Density

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bart ◽  
James D. Schoultz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bird Songs ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Maximum Estimate

Abstract Field trials in which paired observers were used and indoor simulations in which recorded bird songs were used indicated that, as the number of singing birds audible from a listening station increased from 1 to 4, the fraction of them recorded by observers declined by up to 50%. This reduction in efficiency violates one of the basic assumptions of any index-that the proportion of animals detected remains constant-and could cause surveyors who rely primarily on auditory cues to underestimate changes in population density by up to 25% for common species and 33% for abundant species. The change in efficiency, which is best regarded as measurement error, cannot be detected by a statistical examination of the data and thus may pass undetected in many field studies. It seems unlikely that any general procedure for "correcting" the error would be reliable. The results indicate that singing bird surveys of common species should be supplemented by other methods if accurate estimates of changes in density are needed. A general conclusion of the study is that whenever animals "compete" for a place in the survey, for example by filling up traps or suppressing one another's songs, then the index tends to underestimate a change in density. If efficiency increases with density, then the survey tends to overestimate a change in density. If the sign of the bias can be determined, the survey can be used to provide a minimum or maximum estimate of a change in density even if the magnitude of the bias cannot be estimated.

scholarly journals Transfer of invertebrates with hay during restoration operations of extensively managed grasslands in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Stöckli ◽  
Daniel Slodowicz ◽  
Raphaël Arlettaz ◽  
Jean-Yves Humbert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Insect Conservation ◽  
Established Method ◽  
True Bugs ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Introduction Hay transfer from a speciose donor meadow to a species-poor receiver grassland is an established method to restore species-rich grassland plant communities. However, it has rarely been investigated to which extent invertebrates can be transferred with hay during such operations, which was the aim of this study. Methods Sampling was conducted in eight sites of the Swiss lowlands with one donor meadow and two receiver sites each. On the receiver sites, three to four white bed sheets of one square meter each were deployed on the ground to receive a standard quantity of fresh hay just transferred from the donor meadow. All living invertebrates were collected from these sheets with an aspirator and subsequently identified to order level. Results On average (± SD), 9.2 ± 11.3 living invertebrates per square meter were transferred with the hay. Beetles were the most abundant species group, representing 46.9% of all transferred invertebrates, followed by true bugs (8.9%) and spiders (7.0%). More individuals were transferred when the donor meadow was mown with a hand motor bar mower than with a rotary disc mower. Similarly, more invertebrates were transferred when the hay was transported loosely with a forage wagon than compacted as bales. Discussion While this study demonstrates that living invertebrates can be transferred with the hay, their subsequent survival and establishment remains to be explored. Implications for insect conservation We recommend using a hand motor bar mower and a forage wagon for increasing the survival probability of invertebrates in hay transfer.

Spatial patterns in estuarine fish faunas in tropical Queensland: a reflection of interaction between long-term physical and biological processes?

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Sheaves
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Catch Rates

Spatial differences in the distribution and abundance of fish faunas of structurally complex habitats in subtidal areas of three tropical estuaries were investigated by using modified Antillean-Z fish traps. The overall species compositions of the three estuaries were similar; however, the distribution and abundance of species differed substantially both within and among estuaries. Although the abundance of most species declined in an upstream direction, the fish assemblages of upstream areas of different estuaries were similar. In contrast, assemblages in seaward regions were quite distinct. Neither temperature nor turbidity were correlated with catch rates of the most abundant species. Although catch rates of some species were significantly correlated with deviation away from normal seawater salinity, in most cases the correlation with maximum deviation in salinity was much stronger. Thus, decreased catches and the absence of some common species from upstream areas may be related to the influence of long-term (months and years) patterns of salinity. Some species were abundant only in one region of a single creek. This may reflect the close proximity of nearby habitats from which recruits may come.

Sightability as a Factor in Aerial Survey of Bird Species and Communities

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS Broome
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Experimental aerial and ground censuses of waterbirds were conducted on three small, isolated bodies of water on the New England tablelands of New South Wales. The flying height at which sightability was optimized for the most common species was 30 m. Aerial and ground counts were significantly correlated for most species on the three watar bodies. Black swan, swamphen, coots, musk ducks and maned ducks were counted in equivalent or greater numbers from the air than from the ground on at least one water body. Other species were counted in lower numbers from the air than from the ground. A fairly high precision in the aerial-ground relationship for the most abundant species indicates that aerial survey can be a useful procedure for obtaining indices or estimates of the population sizes of these species. However, differences in sightability between species and between types of water body indicate that indices should be used and interpreted with caution. Other bird species from a variety of habitat types which are also amenable to aerial survey are discussed, and some recommendations for aerial surveys of birds are provided.

scholarly journals Distribution and relative abundance of the economically important click beetles (Elateridae: Agriotes sp.) in Hungary

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Antal Nagy ◽  
István Dávid ◽  
István Szarukán
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Significant Damage

Click beetle (Elateridae: Agriotes sp.) species of 24 sites in different regions of Hungary were studied in 2010. A. brevis, A. sputator, A. obscurus, A. lineatus, A. rufipalpis and A. ustulatus were sampled by pheromone traps in maize fields. During the study more than 80000 beetles were caught. The three most common species were A. ustulatus, A. sputator and A. rufipalpis. The distribution of the studied species was uneven. In south Hungary A. ustulatus, A, rufipalpis and A. sputator were the three most abundant species. In the Transdanubia A. sputator was the most abundant. A. ustulatus reached higher abundance in only three sites (3/12). A. obscurus occurred only in west Hungary (Transdanubia). In eastern Hungary the abundance of studied species was higher. In this reason we have to monitor the populations of these pests and if it is necessary we have to take actions against them. In Transdanubia the abundance were generally lower but in many cases reached the threshold of significant damage. Beyond that 13 additional species were sampled so the total number of sampled species was 19.

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of seasonal distribution of Corvidae (the case of urban habitats)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Matsyura ◽  
А. А. Zimaroyeva ◽  
K. Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Hooded Crows ◽  
The City

Corvids in Zhytomyr city reach maximum density in the winter period. Rooks and Eurasian Jackdaws were the most abundant species in winter, usually feeding in multispecies flocks and forming collective roosts.Suburban green areas (buffer zones) were characterized by a considerably high diversity of Corvidae species: this habitat was occupied by all six species. We also registered the highest density of Eurasian Jays and Hooded Crows in this habitat. The green areas in the city center were also characterized by significant corvid density, especially during the breeding season. The maximum breeding density of Rooks was in these habitats, which held 6 of 12 identified urban colonies in Zhytomyr. We found that the European Magpies, Eurasian Jays, and Hooded Crows also had high breeding success here. Eurasian Jackdaws occurred here only in autumn and winter, when they fed together with Rooks on lawns, gardens, and parks. With stable snow cover the Rook density in habitats of the green areas decreased due to the depletion of food resources.The individual buildings zone of the city were characterized by the lowest density of all corvid species, except for European Magpies and Eurasian Jays. The number of common species (Rooks, Eurasian Jackdaws, and Hooded Crows) was low because of shortage of food resources, lack of sites for large roosting flocks and shortage of suitable nesting sites. However, Eurasian Magpies reached one of their highest densities in this habitat (12.8 birds/km2). This species was registered in habitats around private buildings all the year round, successfully nesting in the yards of private houses and on trees in the streets. Its breeding density was 11.2 birds/km2.During three years of research (2009–2012) the density of all corvids except for European Magpie, practically did not change, although we determined a slight positive trend for all the species. The strong increase in the number of Eurasian Jackdaws could be explained by the increasing density of wintering populations or due to the increasing number of migrants from more northern regions.

scholarly journals Effets saisonniers sur les relations poids-longueurs et coefficients de condition pour 16 espèces de poissons de la Lagune Mvassa, basse Guinée, République du Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 44.1 ◽  
pp. 7540-7552
Author(s):  
Hélène Dembe Louvinguila Tenda ◽  
Armel Ibala Zamba ◽  
Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala ◽  
Lérège Batiabo Mikembi ◽  
Honest Freedom Poaty Ngot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Objectifs : La présente étude a été initiée pour établir les relations poids-longueur et les facteurs de condition de Ethmalosa fimbriata, Sardinella maderensis, Coptodon guinensis, Oreochromis schwebischi, Neochelon falcipinnis, Mugil cephalus, Parachelon grandisquamis, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Hemichromis elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Eleotris daganensis, Bathygobius soporator, Trachinotus teraia, Lutjanus goreensis, Mugil banannensis, et Sarotherodon melanotheron, 16 espèces les plus abondantes de la lagune Mvassa en République du Congo. Méthodologie et résultats : Les échantillonnages des poissons ont été réalisés sur 9 stations à l’aide des filets maillants de 8, 10, 20 et 30 mm de côté de la maille. Les relations poidslongueur ont été réalisées en utilisant l’équation P = aLSb et leurs coefficients de condition en utilisant l’équation K = 100*(P ⁄ LSb ). Au total, 1566 spécimens, réparties en 5 ordres, 8 familles, 16 espèces dont 10 ont été capturées en saison sèche, 14 en saison des pluies et 8 espèces communes pour les deux saisons ont été utilisés dans le cadre de cette étude. Le coefficient de détermination r 2 était significatif pour les deux saisons et variait de 0,91 pour Neochelon falcipinnis et 0,99 pour Pomadasys jubelini avec une moyenne de 0,97 ± 0,02. En saison sèche, le coefficient d’allométrie b de la relation poids-longueur variait de 2,04 pour Mugil cephalus à 3,48 Sardinella maderensis avec une moyenne de 2,79 ± 0,03. Le facteur de condition variait en moyenne de 0,66 ± 0,06 pour Sardinella maderensis à 12,22± 0,28 pour Mugil cephalus. En saison des pluies, le coefficient d’allométrie b variait de 2,41 pour Eucinostomus melanopterus à 3,94 pour Sardinella maderensis, avec une moyenne de 3,01 ± 0,05. Le facteur de condition variait de 0,02± 0,002 pour Parachelon grandisquamis à 6,73 ± 0,41 pour Eucinostomus malanopterus. Pour les huit espèces communes, le coefficient d’allométrie b était plus élevé en saison de pluie qu’en saison sèche pour la plupart des espèces (63 %). Conclusion et application des résultats : Ces résultats rapportent des informations relatives à la biologie des poissons rencontrés dans la lagune Mvassa, mais aussi sur l’influence de la saison sur les relations poids-longueur et les coefficients de condition. Dembe Louvinguila et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.44 (1) : 7540-7552 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v44-1.1 7541 Seasonal effects on weight-length relationships and condition factors for 16 fish species from the Mvassa Lagoon, Lower Guinea, Republic of the Congo ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was initiated to establish weight-length relationships and condition factors of Ethmalosa fimbriata, Sardinella maderensis, Coptodon guinensis, Oreochromis schwebischi, Neochelon falcipinnis, Mugil cephalus, Parachelon grandisquamis, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Hemichromis elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Eleotris daganensis, Bathygobius soporator, Trachinotus teraia, Lutjanus goreensis, Mugil banannensis, et Sarotherodon melanotheron, 16 most abundant species of the Mvassa lagoon in the Republic of Congo. Methodology and results: Fish samples were taken at 9 stations utilizing 8, 10, 20 and 30 mm mesh gillnets. The weight-length relationships were performed using equation P = aLSb and their condition coefficients using equation K = 100*(P/LSb ). A total of 1566 specimens, divided into 5 orders, 8 families, 16 species of which 10 were caught in the dry season, 14 in the rainy season and 8 common species for both seasons were used in this study. The correlation coefficient r 2 was significant for both seasons and ranged from 0.91 for Neochelon falcipinnis and 0.99 for Pomadasys jubelini with an average of 0.97 ± 0.02. In the dry season, the allometry coefficient b of the weight-length relationship ranged from 2.04 for Mugil cephalus to 3.48 Sardinella maderensis with an average of 2.79 ± 0.03. The condition factor ranged on average from 0.66 ± 0.06 for Sardinella maderensis to 12.22 ± 0.28 for Mugil cephalus. In the rainy season, the allometry coefficient b ranged from 2.41 for Eucinostomus melanopterus to 3.940 for Sardinella maderensis, with an average of 3.014 ± 0.05. The condition factor ranged from 0.02 ± 0.002 for Parachelon grandisquamis to 6.73 ± 0.41 for Eucinostomus malanopterus. For the eight common species, the allometry coefficient b was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season for most species (63%). Conclusion and application of the results: These results report information on the biology of the fish encountered in the Mvassa lagoon, but also on the influence of the season on weight- length relationships and condition coefficients

scholarly journals Spider fauna (Araneae) of the Sieraków Landscape Park (Central Poland) – preliminary data

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Maria OLESZCZUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Forest Lake ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sweep Net

The paper presents preliminary data on araneofauna of the selected habitats in the Sieraków Landscape Park, where spiders have not yet been studied. The fauna was sampled by sweep net and pitfall trap methods in crop fields, forest and in the ecotone zones: forest/crop field and forest/lake. It was found 44 spider species and four genera represented by young specimens, i.e. Metellina sp., Neriene sp., Haplodrassus sp. and Xysticus sp. The largest number of taxa (24) was found in the forest/lake ecotone, and the smallest one (10) in the crop field, 200 m distant from the forest. The recorded spiders belong to the common species, but they were characteristic for their biotopes.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DE LAS CAPTURAS DE TIBURONES Y RAYAS EN LAS PESQUERÍAS ARTESANALES DE TÁRCOLES, PACÍFICO CENTRAL DE COSTA RICA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés López Garro ◽  
Rándall Arauz Vargas ◽  
Ilena Zanella ◽  
Loic Le Foulgo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mustelus Henlei

Se analizaron las capturas de tiburones y rayas látigo realizadas por pescadores artesanales de Tárcoles  en el Pacífico de Costa Rica, desde febrero del 2006 hasta febrero del 2007. Se observaron 415 faenas de pesca (línea de fondo, trasmallo y línea rayera): 340 correspondieron a observaciones de descarga y 75 (18.1%) a observaciones a bordo. Durante las descargas se analizaron 3299 tiburones y rayas látigo: el tiburón mamón enano (Mustelus henlei) dominó en la captura total (63.7%), seguido por el tiburón mamón común (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), el tiburón picudo común (Rhizoprionodon longurio) 6.9% y el tiburón martillo común (Sphyrna lewini) 6.1%. A su vez, la raya látigo (D. longa) y el tiburón picudo fucsia (Nasolamia velox) representaron un 3.5% y 2.6% de la captura total, respectivamente. En los 75 viajes a bordo se capturó un total de 6.458 peces, de los cuales solo el 4.4% (240 individuos) fueron tiburones y rayas látigo. M. henlei fue nuevamente la especie más abundante (50.4%), le siguieron R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), y por último, M. lunulatus (2.5%). Debido a la estacionalidad y abundancia de tiburones mamones en la zona de Herradura, se recomienda un cierre técnico en enero-febrero y setiembre-octubre, meses con las mayores capturas. También se recomienda la protección de la zona del Peñón, ya que es utilizada por la raya látigo y por los juveniles del tiburón martillo.From February 2006 to February 2007, we analyzed shark and rays captures by the artisanal fishermen from Tárcoles, in the Pacific of Costa Rica. We observed 415 fishing operations (bottom line, gillnet and ray line): 340 dock landing observations and 75 (18.1%) on board observations. During the landing observations, we analyzed 3299 sharks and rays: the brown smooth hound (Mustelus henlei) was the most common species (63.7%), followed by the common smooth hound (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), the Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon longurio) (6.9%) and the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) (6.1%). The longtail stingray (Dasyatis longa) and the whitenose shark (Nasolamia velox) represented the 3.5% and 2.6% of the total catch, respectively.  During 75 fishing trips, we analyzed 6.458 fish individuals, of them only 4.4% (240 individuals) were sharks and longtail stingrays. Among these, M. henlei was also the most abundant species (50.4%), followed by R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8%), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), and M. lunulatus (2.5%). Considering the seasonality and abundance of smooth hound sharks in Herradura, we recommend a technical closure during the higher catch months (January-February and September-October). Also, we recommend protecting the Peñón, which is inhabited by adults of longtail stingray and juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks. 

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