Psychopathy, the Four Facet Model, and Fearlessness: Testing Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System Reactivity in a Late Adolescent Sample

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Facet Model

scholarly journals Daily inhalation of hydrogen gas has a blood pressure-lowering effect in a rat model of hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhisa Sugai ◽  
Tomoyoshi Tamura ◽  
Motoaki Sano ◽  
Shizuka Uemura ◽  
Masahiko Fujisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering Effect ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Pressure Lowering

AbstractA recent clinical study demonstrated that haemodialysis with a dialysate containing hydrogen (H2) improves blood pressure control in end-stage kidney disease. Herein, we examined whether H2 has a salutary effect on hypertension in animal models. We subjected 5/6 nephrectomised rats to inhalation of either H2 (1.3% H2 + 21% O2 + 77.7% N2) or control (21% O2 + 79% N2) gas mixture for 1 h per day. H2 significantly suppressed increases in blood pressure after 5/6 nephrectomy. The anti-hypertensive effect of H2 was also confirmed in rats in a stable hypertensive state 3 weeks after nephrectomy. To examine the detailed effects of H2 on hypertension, we used an implanted telemetry system to continuously monitor blood pressure. H2 exerted an anti-hypertensive effect not only during daytime rest, but also during night-time activities. Spectral analysis of blood pressure variability revealed that H2 improved autonomic imbalance, namely by suppressing the overly active sympathetic nervous system and augmenting parasympathetic nervous system activity; these effects co-occurred with the blood pressure-lowering effect. In conclusion, 1-h daily exposure to H2 exerts an anti-hypertensive effect in an animal model of hypertension.

Fast Detoxification of Heroin Addicts by Acupuncture and Electrical Stimulation (AES) in Combination with Naloxone

1977 ◽  
Vol 05 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. WEN
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Long Acting

Detoxification can be accomplished more rapidly by first "flushing" the opiates from the receptor sites. Naloxone, a short antagonist displaces opiates from the receptor sites and such displacement precipitates an abstinence syndrome. Recently, a method of using acupuncture and electrical stimulation (AES) in combination with naloxone for fast detoxification was reported. This technique was applied to 50 cases of heroin addicts. Forty-one were detoxified. There were nine failures. Of the 41 cases, 18 patients were sent to rehabilitation centres and did not experience abstinence symptoms. Six were sent out of Hong Kong where heroin is not available, and two others did not go to a rehabilitation centre but still abstained. The other 15 were presumed to be on the drug. It is advocated that AES increases endorphin and relieves abstinence syndrome, but also at the same time inhibits the autonomic nervous system, mainly the parasympathetic nervous system. The technique does not stop the craving, therefore after detoxification, the patients should be sent for psycho-social rehabilitation, or alternatively be put on long acting antagonist.

scholarly journals Human and Human-Interfaced AI Interactions: Modulation of Human Male Autonomic Nervous System via Pupil Mimicry

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Catherine Spicer ◽  
Prashanna Khwaounjoo ◽  
Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Virtual Humans ◽  
Autonomic Functioning ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Pupil Constriction

Pupillary alterations in virtual humans induce neurophysiological responses within an observer. Technological advances have enabled rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), from verbal systems, to visual AI interfaces with the ability to express, and respond to emotional states of a user. Visual AI interfaces are able to change their physical parameters, such as pupil diameter. Pupillary changes can alter heart rate, however, effects on heart rate variability (HRV) are unknown. HRV, is an autonomic, non-conscious parameter which monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. N = 34 male participants aged between 19–33 were subjected to a number of conditions such as pupil dilation, constriction and blushing. The present research is the first to investigate the effects of virtual human interactions on human HRV. Outcomes of this study were obtained using eye tracking and HRV measurements. Pupil dilation relative to constriction presented in the female virtual partner induced a significant right pupillary diameter increase (p = 0.041) in human observers. Additionally, female virtual partner pupil constriction relative to dilation induced a significant increase in participants’ PNS HRV response (p = 0.036). These findings indicate the ability of a female virtual interaction partner to modulate parasympathetic autonomic functioning in young healthy male humans. This allows first insights into the effects of interacting with virtual AI interaction partners, on human autonomic functioning, and may aid development of future virtual humans, and their implementation into relevant clinical settings.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children: literature update

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira Mondoni ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Bruno Saraiva ◽  
Franciele Marques Vanderlei
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

AbstractIntroduction It is known that physical exercise is beneficial and precipitates adjustments to the autonomic nervous system. However, the effect of exercise on cardiac autonomic modulation in children, despite its importance, is poorly investigated.Objective To bring together current information about the effects of exercise on heart rate variability in healthy and obese children.Methods The literature update was performed through a search for articles in the following databases; PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs, using the descriptors “exercise” and “child” in conjunction with the descriptors “autonomic nervous system”, “sympathetic nervous system”, “parasympathetic nervous system” and also with no descriptor, but the key word of this study, “heart rate variability”, from January 2005 to December 2012.Results After removal of items that did not fit the subject of the study, a total of 9 articles were selected, 5 with healthy and 4 with obese children.Conclusion The findings suggest that exercise can act in the normalization of existing alterations in the autonomic nervous system of obese children, as well as serve as a preventative factor in healthy children, enabling healthy development of the autonomic nervous system until the child reaches adulthood.

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