A clinical study comparing ultrasound-measured pyloric antrum cross-sectional area to computed tomography-measured gastric content volume to detect high-risk stomach in supine patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Okada ◽  
Hiroaki Toyama ◽  
Kenji Kamata ◽  
Masanori Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Content Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Pyloric Antrum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Abdominal Surgery

scholarly journals A clinical prediction rule to identify difficult intubation in children with Robin sequence requiring mandibular distraction osteogenesis based on craniofacial CT measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Mao ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Yingqiu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Prediction Rule ◽  
Clinical Prediction Rule ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

Abstract Background Airway management is challenging in children with Robin sequence (RS) requiring mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO). We derived and validated a prediction rule to identify difficult intubation before MDO for children with RS based on craniofacial computed tomography (CT) images. Method This was a retrospective study of 69 children with RS requiring MDO from November 2016 to June 2018. Multiple CT imaging parameters and baseline characteristic (sex, age, gestational age, body mass index [BMI]) were compared between children with normal and difficult intubation according to Cormack−Lehane classification. A clinical prediction rule was established to identify difficult intubation using group differences in CT parameters (eleven distances, six angles, one section cross-sectional area, and three segment volumes) and clinicodemographic characteristics. Predictive accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The overall incidence of difficult intubation was 56.52%, and there was no significant difference in sex ratio, age, weight, height, BMI, or gestational age between groups. The distance between the root of the tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall was significantly shorter, the bilateral mandibular angle shallower, and the cross-sectional area at the epiglottis tip smaller in the difficult intubation group. A clinical prediction rule based on airway cross-sectional area at the tip of the epiglottis was established. Area > 36.97 mm2 predicted difficult intubation while area < 36.97 mm2 predicted normal intubation with 100% sensitivity, 62.5% specificity, 78.6% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value (area under the ROC curve = 0.8125). Conclusion Computed tomography measures can objectively evaluate upper airway morphology in patients with RS for prediction of difficult intubation. If validated in a larger series, the measures identified could be incorporated into airway assessment tools to guide treatment decisions. This was a retrospective study and was granted permission to access and use these medical records by the ethics committee of Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center. Trials registration Registration No. ChiCTR1800018252, NaZhang, Sept 7 2018.

scholarly journals A guide for using NIH Image J for single slice cross-sectional area and composition analysis of the thigh from computed tomography

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0211629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Long ◽  
Alejandro G. Villasante Tezanos ◽  
James N. Wise ◽  
Philip A. Kern ◽  
Marcas M. Bamman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
Single Slice

scholarly journals Stone Attenuation Value and Cross-Sectional Area on Computed Tomography Predict the Success of Shock Wave Lithotripsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Tanaka ◽  
Eisuke Yokota ◽  
Yoichiro Toyonaga ◽  
Fumitaka Shimizu ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attenuation Value

Mechanism of mosaic attenuation of the lungs on computed tomography in induced bronchospasm

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius Gückel ◽  
Athol U. Wells ◽  
David A. Taylor ◽  
François Chabat ◽  
David M. Hansell
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Lung Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is the major determinant of the computed tomography (CT) pattern of mosaic attenuation in asthmatic patients with induced bronchoconstriction. Thin-section CT was performed at suspended full inspiration immediately and 30 min after methacholine bronchoprovocation in 22 asthmatic subjects, who were randomly assigned to breathe room air ( group A, n = 8), oxygen via nasal prongs at 5 l/min ( group B, n = 8), and oxygen via face mask at 12 l/min ( group C, n = 6). CT changes were quantified in terms of global lung density and density in hypodense and hyperdense areas. Lung parenchymal density increases were greatest in group C and greater in group B than in group A, globally ( P = 0.03) and in hypodense regions ( P = 0.01). On bivariate analysis, the only change in cross-sectional area was related to change in global density. In hypodense regions, density change was related both to reduction in cross-sectional area ( P < 0.0005) and to oxygen administration ( P = 0.01). After correction for changes in global lung density, only oxygen was independently related to density increase in hypodense areas ( P = 0.02). In induced bronchoconstriction, the CT appearance of mosaic attenuation can be largely ascribed to hypoxic vasoconstriction rather than to changes in lung inflation.

scholarly journals Dietary protein intake is not associated with 5-y change in mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area by computed tomography in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amely M Verreijen ◽  
Mariëlle F Engberink ◽  
Denise K Houston ◽  
Ingeborg A Brouwer ◽  
Peggy M Cawthon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

ABSTRACTBackgroundA higher protein intake is suggested to preserve muscle mass during aging and may therefore reduce the risk of sarcopenia.ObjectivesWe explored whether the amount and type (animal or vegetable) of protein intake were associated with 5-y change in mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in older adults (n = 1561).MethodsProtein intake was assessed at year 2 by a Block food-frequency questionnaire in participants (aged 70–79 y) of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study, a prospective cohort study. At year 1 and year 6 mid-thigh muscle CSA in square centimeters was measured by computed tomography. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between energy-adjusted protein residuals in grams per day (total, animal, and vegetable protein) and muscle CSA at year 6, adjusted for muscle CSA at year 1 and potential confounders including prevalent health conditions, physical activity, and 5-y change in fat mass.ResultsMean (95% CI) protein intake was 0.90 (0.88, 0.92) g · kg–1 · d–1 and mean (95% CI) 5-y change in muscle CSA was −9.8 (−10.6, −8.9) cm2. No association was observed between energy-adjusted total (β = −0.00; 95% CI: −0.06, 0.06 cm2; P = 0.982), animal (β = −0.00; 95% CI: −0.06, 0.05 cm2; P = 0.923), or plant (β = +0.07; 95% CI: −0.06, 0.21 cm2; P = 0.276) protein intake and muscle CSA at year 6, adjusted for baseline mid-thigh muscle CSA and potential confounders.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a higher total, animal, or vegetable protein intake is not associated with 5-y change in mid-thigh muscle CSA in older adults. This conclusion contradicts some, but not all, previous research. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as NTR6930.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Esophagography in Grading of Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2175-2177
Author(s):  
Mehwish Bashir ◽  
Hina Hanif Mughal ◽  
Faisal Mehmood ◽  
Muhammmad Imran Aftab ◽  
Madiha Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Oesophageal Varices ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography esophagography in grading esophageal varices using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional (validation) study Place and Duration of Study: Radiology department, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from 14th July 2016 to 13th January 2017. Methodology: One hundred and forty five clinically diagnosed patients of liver cirrhosis, age between 35-80 years were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent multi-detector computed tomography and endoscopy examination for the identification as well as grading of oesophageal varices. Results: High risk varices were identified in 106 (73.1%) of patients on multi-detector computed tomography and were identified in 108 (74.5%) of patients on endoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy of multi-detector computed tomography forthe identification of high risk esophageal varices were found to be 94.4%, 89.2%, 84.6%, 96.2% and 93.1% respectively. Conclusion: Multi-detector computed tomography esophagography detected high risk esophageal varices with excellent accuracy. This could be a practical and non-invasive choice of imaging for the identification& grading of esophageal varices. Key words: Esophageal varices, Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), Endoscopy

If the Patient Is Frail, Emergency Abdominal Surgery Is High Risk

JAMA Surgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiza S. Kazaure ◽  
Michael E. Lidsky ◽  
Sandhya A. Lagoo-Deenadayalan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Emergency Abdominal Surgery
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