scholarly journals Absolute Poverty and Sound Public Finance in the Eurozone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Rita Canale ◽  
Giorgio Liotti
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
Official Position ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
National Governments

AbstractThe respect of fiscal parameters is supposed to be – according to the official position of the European institutions – the best recipe for granting stability and growth. This optimistic view appears to be in contrast with the recent increase in poverty. The aim of this paper is to individuate the existence of a relation between governments’ decisions about fiscal policy and absolute poverty in 19 Eurozone countries from 2005 to 2017. The attempt is to answer the question as to whether the effect on growth generated by fiscal policy measures can account for the objective of poverty alleviation. The results support the conclusion that absolute poverty increases in the presence of a restrictive fiscal policy, while it decreases in the opposite case. During declining macroeconomic conditions, national governments belonging to the Eurozone appear to be unable to reconcile the objective of sound public finance with that of poverty alleviation.

scholarly journals The dimensions of fiscal governance as the cornerstone of public finance sustainability: A general framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giosi ◽  
Silvia Testarmata ◽  
Sandro Brunelli ◽  
Bianca Staglianò
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
General Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Recently many European countries have incurred crises in public finance despite the fact that EU institutions have pushed the national governments toward the sustainability of public finance with compulsory and voluntary rules regarding fiscal governance. This paper investigates the relations between the quality of fiscal governance and the financial virtuosity of national fiscal policy. We proposed a general framework for analyzing the fiscal governance issue and we empirically tested the correlation between the dimensions of fiscal governance and the budgetary performance of EU countries. The results showed a positive correlation between the quality of fiscal governance in the EU countries and financial surplus in the period concerned. However further investigations are needed and an effort should be made to collect uniform data on fiscal governance in the European Union.

On the formation of a New Paradigm of fiscal Policy

2013 ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senchagov
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Monetary Aggregate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Due to Russia’s exit from the global financial crisis, the fiscal policy of withdrawing windfall spending has exhausted its potential. It is important to refocus public finance to the real economy and the expansion of domestic demand. For this goal there is sufficient, but not realized financial potential. The increase in fiscal spending in these areas is unlikely to lead to higher inflation, given its actual trend in the past decade relative to M2 monetary aggregate, but will directly affect the investment component of many underdeveloped sectors, as well as the volume of domestic production and consumer demand.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on households´ income in the EU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanda Almeida ◽  
Salvador Barrios ◽  
Michael Christl ◽  
Silvia De Poli ◽  
Alberto Tumino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis analysis makes use of economic forecasts for 2020 issued by the European Commission in Autumn 2019 and Spring 2020, and of a counterfactual under a no-policy change assumption, to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on EU households´ income. Additionally, our analysis assesses the cushioning effect of discretionary fiscal policy measures taken by the EU Member States. We find that the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to affect significantly households’ disposable income in the EU, with lower income households being more severely hit. However, our results show that due to policy intervention, the impact of the crisis is expected to be similar to the one experienced during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. In detail, our results indicate that discretionary fiscal policy measures will play a significant cushioning role, reducing the size of the income loss (from −9.3% to −4.3% for the average equivalised disposable income), its regressivity and mitigating the poverty impact of the pandemic. We conclude that policy interventions are therefore instrumental in cushioning against the impact of the crisis on inequality and poverty.

The Impact of Nonpartisan Fiscal Institutions on Budgetary Delay

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Colin Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Can the design of governmental institutions promote timely governance? This article investigates this question by examining the relationship between the design of fiscal institutions and budgetary delays across the fifty states. These budgetary offices are created by lawmakers to advance sound fiscal policy and sustainable public finance. This article argues that the unbiased information provided by nonpartisan budget offices minimize the likelihood of budgetary delay as well as lessen how long budgetary stalemate persists when a delay occurs. The findings suggest that nonpartisan fiscal institutions do not prevent budgetary delay but substantially reduce the duration of budgetary gridlock.

An Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Measures and Sustainable Livelihood Capability of Farm Households in Rural China: A Sustainable Livelihood Approach

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Fang Su ◽  
Nini Song ◽  
Nannan Ma ◽  
Altynbek Sultanalive ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to identify effective mechanisms for government poverty alleviation measures based on the livelihood sustainability of farm households in Southern Shaanxi province, China. The paper utilizes data from 414 farm households, collected through field observations and in-depth interviews in 24 rural communes in Qinba Mountain Area of Shaanxi province, China. Using theoretical research methods and employing the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) framework, this paper analyzes poverty alleviation measures as well as the impact of varied capital availability on sustainable livelihood. The study shows that developing local industries and governmental financial support improve the sustainable livelihood of farmers and eradicate absolute poverty. The findings of this study further indicate that there is a positive correlation between poverty alleviation measures and natural and social capital for sustainable livelihood. The paper provides empirical and quantitative evidence on alleviation of poverty, and the findings will help improve the sustainability of livelihood capability of farming households. This study suggests impactful approaches to stabilizing mechanisms for poverty alleviation in rural areas over the longer term.

Possibilities of Using Waste after Pressing Oil from Oilseeds for Energy Purposes

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kachel-Jakubowska ◽  
Artur Kraszkiewicz ◽  
Marta Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Global Food

AbstractCurrently, many countries are establishing goals for substituting fossil fuels with biomass. This global trade in solid biofuels, which is to some extent already taking place, will have a major impact not only on other commodity markets like vegetable oils or animal fodder but also on the global land use change and on environmental impacts. It demonstrates the strong but complex link between biofuels production and the global food market, it unveils policy measures as the main drivers for production and use of biofuels and it analyzes various sustainability indicators and certification schemes for biofuels with respect to minimizing the adverse effects of biofuels. Biomass is seen as a very promising option for fulfilling the environmental goals defined by the European Commission as well as various national governments. We have measured selected physicochemical properties of several the most common oilseeds and the residue materials in the form of cakes, moisture, fat, heat of combustion, the calorific value and ash content. The results showed that the considered plants and waste derived therefrom can be a good energy source. Examples include sunflower oilcake, sesame, pumpkin and rapeseed cake, for which the calorific value amounted to respectively: 28.17; 27.77; 26.42 and 21.69 MJ·kg−1.

Essays in Public Finance and Fiscal Policy

1956 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
A. Morgner ◽  
Gerhard Colm
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy

scholarly journals Challenges and Vulnerabilities on Public Finance Sustainability. A Romanian Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionel Bostan ◽  
Carmen Toderașcu ◽  
Anca Gavriluţă (Vatamanu)
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Formal Proof ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Way

Given the contradiction between the current demands for sustainability and the way that the financial system works, this paper explored in a retrospective and a prospective view, Romanian Public Finance Sustainability, highlighting the major challenges and vulnerabilities. Relating to the retrospective part, we concentrated mainly on empirical tests on Romanian government solvency between the period 1990–2020, by applying un it root and co-integration tests. To gain a better, general understanding of the behavior of policy-makers, in the second part we used a scenario analysis of budgetary adjustment in the short and medium run under alternative hypotheses. The results provided formal proof that policy makers decisions face critical and complex questions, and the way in which they manage fiscal stimuli has a direct implication on the sustainability of the country and on the lax implementation of fiscal policy.

scholarly journals Essays in fiscal policy and public finance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Στυλιανός Σακκάς
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy

Η παρούσα διατριβή αφορά στήν δημοσιονομική πολιτική και στα δημόσια οικονομικά σε δυναμικα μοντέλα γενικής ισορροπίας.Ο στόχος είναι να μελετήσει πώς οι μεταρρυθμίσεις στο μείγμα δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής που επιλέγεται (δαπάνες φόρων), επηρεάζουν ταμακροοικονομικά μεγέθη (όπως το κατά κεφαλήν εισόδημα, την εξοικονόμηση παραγωγής κλπ) και η κατανομή μεταξύ των διαφόρωνοικονομικές ομάδων. Δεδομένου ότι οι φόροι είναι πάντα στρεβλώτικοί ή / και ότι οι δημόσιες δαπάνεςδεν είναι πάντα ευεργετικές για κάθε εισοδηματική ομάδα, το βασικό θέμα αυτής της διατριβής είναι να κοιτάξουμε γιατις λιγότερο στρεβλωτικές φορολογικές πολιτικές και / ή Pareto βελτιώσεις και μεταρρυθμίσεις στην μεριά των δαπανών. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, ηδιατριβή ασχολείται με τρία πολυσυζητημένα θέματα της πολιτικής και ακαδημαϊκής ατζέντας.Πρώτον, η διατριβή ασχολείται με τις συνέπειες της εισαγωγής τελών χρήσης (δίδακτρα) γιαδημόσια αγαθά όπως η δημόσια εκπαίδευση. Αυτό είναι ένα κλασικό ζήτημα στα δημόσια οικονομικά. Από τη μία πλευρά τα τέλη χρήσης λειτουργούν ως μηχανισμός που αποκαλύπτει τις προτιμήσεις για ένα συγκεκριμένοαγαθό (για παράδειγμα στη δημόσια εκπαίδευση) και ως ένα επιπλέον εργαλείο δημοσίων εσόδων.Από την άλλη τα τέλη χρήσης συχνά θεωρεούντε ως "άδικα".Όμως, ισχύει πραγματικά αυτή η περίπτωση; Το δεύτερο θέμα με το οποίο η παρούσα διατριβή ασχολείται με είναι οι επιπτώσηεις των δαπανών δημόσιας εκπαίδευσης μεταξύδιαφορετκών εισοδηματικών ομάδων. Προφανώς η τελευταία απαιτεί τη χρήση ετερογενών μονάδων στην οικονομία (π.χ.καπιταλιστές-εργαζομένους, χαμηλό εισόδημα, υψηλό εισόδημα, ειδικευμένους-ανειδίκευτους). Έτσι, όπως θα εξήγησουμε λεπτομερώς, διακρίνουμε σε ειδικευμένους σε σχέση με τους ανειδίκευτους παράγοντες. Λαμβάνοντας υπ'όψιντα οφέλη από την τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση, όπως αυτές απεικονίζονται στις μισθολογικές διαφορές, σημαντική διαφορές στην κατανομή του πλούτου μεταξύ των ειδικευμένων και ανειδίκευτων εργαζομένων είναι πιθανόν να βρεθούν. Επιπροσθέτως, είναι γνωστό ότι η αποτελεσματικότητα και η αναδιανεμητικήεπίδρασης των δημοσίων αγαθών και υπηρεσιών, όπως η δημόσια εκπαίδευση διαφέρουν μεταξύ των εισοδήματικών στρωμάτων(Βλέπε π.χ. ΟΟΣΑ, 2009).Τρίτον, η διατριβή διερευνά τις επιπτώσεις της αποτελεσματικότητας των δημοσίων δαπανών με μια πιο λεπτομερήπροσέγγιση. Οι φορείς χάραξης πολιτικής έχουν επανειλημμένα τονίσει την ανάγκη να επανεξετασθεί η σύνθεσητων δημόσιων δαπανών και των φόρων, ώστε να επιτευχθεί μια πιο αποδοτική και αποτελεσματικότερη κατανομή των πόρων μεσο-μακροπρόθεσμα. Αλλά θα πρέπει να σημειωθεί ότι συνήθως υπάρχει μια ασυμμετρία στηνμοντελοποίηση των δημόσιων δαπανών και μοντελοποίηση των φόρων. Ενώ οι φόροι περιγράφονται από τη λειτουργία τους(π.χ. φόροι επί του εισοδήματος εργασίας, φόροι επί των εισοδημάτων κεφαλαίου και των φόρων κατανάλωσης), οι κατηγορίες των δημοσίων δαπανών συνήθως περιγράφονται ανάλογα με τις οικονομικές τους συναλλαγές(π.χ. των μεταβιβαστικές πληρωμές, δημόσια κατανάλωση, δημόσιες επενδύσεις) και όχι σύμφωνα μετη λειτουργία τους (π.χ. οι δαπάνες για την κοινωνική προστασία, την υγεία, την εκπαίδευση, την άμυνα και τη δημόσια τάξη,και τα λοιπά). Αλλά, όπως αναγνωρίζεται ευρέως, δεν είναι σαφές τι εννοούμε, για παράδειγμα, με τους όρους δημόσιακατανάλωση ή μεταβιβαστικές πληρωμές. Αυτή η ασυμμετρία αφήνει περιθώρια βελτίωσης, δεδομένου ότι ητο κανάλι - μέσω του οποίου οι αλλαγές στο μείγμα των δημόσιων δαπανών επηρεάζουν τα ιδιωτικά κίνητρα και τα μακροικονομικά μεγέθη - δεν είναι επαρκώς καθορισμένα.

scholarly journals Social development and public debt sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Chara Vavoura ◽  
Ioannis Vavouras
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Of Greece

The issue of public debt sustainability is of exceptional importance in the case of Greece. As a rule, the relevant analysis is limited to the examination of the fiscal policy measures reported to contribute to reducing public debt leaving out the investigation of the factors that caused the country’s debt crisis. The objective of the present paper is to explore the determinants of Greece’s debt crisis and the strategy required to address it. Our work highlights the issue of social development, which is found to be a necessary condition for ensuring the long run sustainability of the country’s public debt.

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