Prevalence Rates of Gambling Problems in Montreal, Canada: A Look at Old Adults and the Role of Passion

The purpose of this chapter is to examine cyberbullying among children and adolescents. This chapter is organized into six sections, including (1) explaining the definitions, technologies used, the role of anonymity, and prevalence rates of cyberbullying, (2) discussing the characteristics and risk factors associated with cyberbullying involvement, (3) reviewing research findings on the psychological and behavioral consequences resulting from cyberbullying involvement, (4) discussing solutions and recommendations, (5) exploring future directions, and (6) providing conclusions. The chapter will draw on qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-design research methodologies from psychology, sociology, social work, and criminology.

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Celiac Disease

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.12.11.325 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 325-330

Author(s):

M. Stephen Murphy ◽

W. Allan Walker

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

North America ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

Intestinal Mucosal Injury ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Western Ireland

Celiac disease is a disorder characterized by a permanent sensitivity to gluten, such that its presence in the diet induces an enteropathy. Exposure of susceptible individuals to gluten-containing foods causes small intestinal mucosal injury associated with malabsorption of variable severity. The association between the occurrence of malabsorption and the presence of wheat or rye in the diet was first recognized by Dicke in 1950. Subsequently, barley was also shown to be toxic. The role of oats in producing disease remains controversial, but rice and maize are known not to cause disease. EPIDEMIOLOGY Celiac disease is one of the most frequent causes of malabsorption during childhood, with prevalence rates of between 1:500 and 1:3000 commonly quoted in the literature. Although the exact prevalence in any particular region is difficult to determine, marked geographical variations do appear to exist. A preyalence rate of 1:300 has been reported in western Ireland. Similarly, celiac disease is reported more frequently in patients from European countries than from North America. There is some evidence that the incidence may also be changing. Based on studies from the United Kingdom, it has been suggested that the incidence of childhood celiac disease may have been declining in recent years, following a peak in the early 1970s.

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Alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses in Russia: An analysis of the trends

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1764 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s875-s876

Author(s):

Y. Razvodovsky

Keyword(s):

Heavy Drinking ◽

Population Level ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Per Capita ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Alcohol Related Problems ◽

Incidence Prevalence ◽

Alcohol Sales

IntroductionRussia has one of the highest alcoholism (alcohol dependence) and alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates in Europe, which may be explained by high overall population drinking and prevalence of irregular heavy drinking of vodka. The role of binge drinking in modifying the effect of alcohol on the risk of alcoholic psychoses in Russia has been emphasized in clinical and aggregate-level studies.AimsThe present study aims to examine the phenomenon of dramatic fluctuations in alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses rates in Russia during the late Soviet (1970–1991) to post-Soviet period (1992–2015).MethodTo examine the relation between changes in the sales of alcohol and alcoholism/alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates across the study period a time-series analysis was performed.ResultsAccording to the results, alcohol sales is a statistically significant associated with alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates, implying that a 1 litre increase in per capita alcohol sales is associated with an increase in the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates of 17.6% and 14.0% correspondingly. The association between alcohol sales per capita and alcoholism incidence/prevalence rates was also positive, but statistically not significant.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates are the reliable indicators of alcohol-related problems at the population level. The outcomes of this study also provide indirect support for the hypothesis that the dramatic fluctuations in the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates in Russia during the last decades were related to the availability/affordability of alcohol.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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