Alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses in Russia: An analysis of the trends

IntroductionRussia has one of the highest alcoholism (alcohol dependence) and alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates in Europe, which may be explained by high overall population drinking and prevalence of irregular heavy drinking of vodka. The role of binge drinking in modifying the effect of alcohol on the risk of alcoholic psychoses in Russia has been emphasized in clinical and aggregate-level studies.AimsThe present study aims to examine the phenomenon of dramatic fluctuations in alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses rates in Russia during the late Soviet (1970–1991) to post-Soviet period (1992–2015).MethodTo examine the relation between changes in the sales of alcohol and alcoholism/alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates across the study period a time-series analysis was performed.ResultsAccording to the results, alcohol sales is a statistically significant associated with alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates, implying that a 1 litre increase in per capita alcohol sales is associated with an increase in the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates of 17.6% and 14.0% correspondingly. The association between alcohol sales per capita and alcoholism incidence/prevalence rates was also positive, but statistically not significant.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates are the reliable indicators of alcohol-related problems at the population level. The outcomes of this study also provide indirect support for the hypothesis that the dramatic fluctuations in the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates in Russia during the last decades were related to the availability/affordability of alcohol.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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GOELRO plan is 100 years old

Elektrichestvo ◽

10.24160/0013-5380-2020-12-4-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 4-9

Author(s):

Pavel A. BUTYRIN ◽

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Historical Context ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Small Scale ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Soviet Republic ◽

Starting Conditions ◽

Per Capita ◽

State Plan

The historical context in which the State Plan for Electrification of Russia (GOELRO) was developed, establishment of the GOELRO Commission, the GOELRO Plan content, the specific features of its implementation, and the role of the plan in the soviet period of Russia’s history are considered. Attention is paid to the electrification plants of other countries and territories of all inhabited continents, and to the participation of states in the electrification of countries and regions with small-scale and agricultural production in the 1920 s. The specific features pertinent to the electrification of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic are pointed out, namely, low starting conditions (in 1923, the energy consumption per capita in Russia was 100 times lower than that in Norway), its being state-owned in nature and revolutionary in its purpose: to get done with the main upheavals in the country and to shift the national economy for fore efficient production. The role of V.I. Lenin and G.M. Krzhizhanovsky, who were the initiators of the electrification of Russia, is analyzed in detail. A conclusion is drawn about the need to study both the GOELRO Plan itself and the specific features and circumstances of its implementation within the framework of training modern specialists in electrical engineering.

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The role of discrimination in alcohol-related problems in samples of heavy drinking HIV-negative and positive men who have sex with men (MSM)

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 166 ◽

pp. 226-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tyler B. Wray ◽

David W. Pantalone ◽

Christopher W. Kahler ◽

Peter M. Monti ◽

Kenneth H. Mayer

Keyword(s):

Heavy Drinking ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Alcohol Related Problems ◽

Hiv Negative

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Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-12226-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel T. Myran ◽

Brendan T. Smith ◽

Nathan Cantor ◽

Lennon Li ◽

Sudipta Saha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Population Level ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

Retail Sales ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Per Capita ◽

Statistics Canada ◽

Alcohol Sales

Abstract Background Multiple survey reports suggest that alcohol use has increased in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, less is known about how per capita alcohol sales, which predict population-level alcohol use, have changed and whether changes in alcohol sales differ from changes in sales of other products due to pandemic factors. Methods We obtained monthly retail sales data by industry from Statistics Canada, for the six largest provinces in Canada (containing 93% of the national population), between January 2010 and November 2020, representing time before and 9 months after the start of the pandemic in Canada. We used an interrupted time series analysis to estimate pandemic impacts on the dollar value of monthly per capita (per individuals 15+ years) alcohol, essential and non-essential retail sales. We adjusted our analyses for pre-pandemic sales trends, inflation, seasonality and changing population demographics over time. Results During the first 9 months of the pandemic, the values of per capita alcohol, essential and non-essential sales were, respectively, 13.2% higher, 3.6% higher and 13.1% lower than the average values during the same period in the prior 3 years. Interrupted time series models showed significant level change for the value of monthly per capita alcohol sales (+$4.86, 95% CIs: 2.88, 6.83), essential sales (−$59.80, 95% CIs: − 78.47, − 41.03) and non-essential sales (−$308.70, 95% CIs: − $326.60, − 290.79) during the pandemic. Alcohol sales were consistently elevated during the pandemic, and the pre- and post-pandemic slopes were comparable. In contrast, essential and non-essential retail sales declined in the early months of the pandemic before returning to regular spending levels. Conclusion During the first 9 months of the pandemic, per capita alcohol sales were moderately elevated in Canada. In contrast, non-essential sales were lower than prior years, driven by large decreases during the initial months of the pandemic. These findings suggest that the pandemic was associated with increased population-level alcohol consumption, which may lead to increased alcohol-related harms. Ongoing research is needed to examine how factors, including pandemic-related stressors and specific alcohol sales-related policies, may have influenced changes in alcohol use and harms.

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Prevention of depression: psychological and social measures

Advances in Psychiatric Treatment ◽

10.1192/apt.1.4.94 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 94-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jan Scott

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Help Seeking Behaviour ◽

Incidence Prevalence

The role of pharmacotherapy in the management of depressive disorders is well-established and frequently reviewed. This paper focuses on the prospects for reducing the incidence, prevalence and morbidity of depression through psychosocial interventions. A central requirement in prevention is a knowledge of the epidemiology of the disorder being investigated. This data can be used to identify high-risk groups. By comparing the number of known cases with population levels of morbidity, it allows comment on help-seeking behaviour and accessibility of services. Also, differences in incidence and prevalence rates give some indication of the chronicity of the disorder.

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Alcohol-Related Problems in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus: A Trend Analysis

10.47363/jpsrr/2021(3)120 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Razvodovsky YE ◽

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Alcohol Related Problems ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Post Soviet Period ◽

Alcohol Sales

Aim: The comparative analysis of the level and dynamic of the indicator of alcohol-related problems in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Methods: A comparative analysis of the trends in alcohol sales (independent variable) and mortality from acute alcohol poisonings, incidence of alcohol psychoses (dependent variables) in Russia Ukraine and Belarus in the period from 1980 to 2010 was carried out. Statistical analysis (Spearman’s correlation, linear regression) was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 package. Results: The data analysis showed that in the soviet period the level of alcohol sales correlated closely with the indirect indicators of alcohol-related problems in all countries. In the post-soviet period the level of alcohol sales statistically significant correlated with the incidence of alcoholic psychoses in Russia and mortality from acute alcohol poisonings in Belarus. Conclusions: The findings from present study suggest that the alcohol-related problems fluctuations in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine in the soviet period were attributable to alcohol sales. Alternatively, alcohol sales cannot fully explain the fluctuations in the alcohol-related morbidity and mortality observed in these countries in the soviet period.

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Longitudinal stability and change in consumption among female twins: Contributions of genetics

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s095457940000746x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 849-866 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carol A. Prescott ◽

Kenneth S. Kendler

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Mental Health Issue ◽

Younger Women ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Problem Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractProblem alcohol use among women is increasingly recognized as an important public health and mental health issue. Younger women appear to be at increased risk for heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems compared to women from earlier cohorts. Understanding the sources for inter- and intra-individual differences in alcohol consumption is an important first step in addressing these trends. We studied the sources underlying variation in alcohol consumption in a sample of 2,163 female twins born in Virginia between 1934 and 1970. Measures of past-year alcohol consumption quantity and frequency were obtained on two occasions across a 5-year interval. Quantity and frequency of consumption declined over age, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Intra-individual correlations over the interval were substantial for frequency of drinking (r = .62) and quantity consumed per drinking occasion (r = .56) but lower for quantity consumed weekly (r = .22). There was significant intrapair resemblance for all measures, with the drinking behavior of identical twin pairs being more similar than that of fraternal pairs. Twin analyses of patterns of change in consumption over a 5-year interval revealed little within-pair similarity in rate of change, with correlations ranging from .06 to .18, suggesting that among young adult to middle-aged women, determinants of changing alcohol consumption are largely individual-specific. There was some evidence for significant age interactions, with the role of individual-specific sources increasing over age.

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ALCOHOL RELATED PROBLEMS IN RUSSIA AND BELARUS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRENDS

I P Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald ◽

10.23888/pavlovj20172237-246 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 237-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. E. Razvodovsky

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

Alcohol Policy ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

External Causes ◽

Alcohol Related Problems ◽

Physical Availability ◽

Alcohol Sales

Goal: in present article comparative analysis of trends in alcohol-related problems rates (violent mortality, fatal alcohol poisonings, alcoholic psychoses), alcohol sales per capita, socioeconomic parameters in Russia and Belarus in soviet (1970-1991) and post-soviet (1992-2015) periods were analyzed. Materials and methods. As indicators of alcohol problems were used the mortality rate from external causes, the mortality rate from acute alcohol poisoning and the incidence of alcoholic psychoses. As an integral indicator characterizing the health status of the population was used the indicator of life expectancy at birth. Results: the results of correlation analysis suggest that alcohol sales is a statistically significant associated with alcohol-related problems rates in both countries during the Soviet period. However, there was no relationship between this variables during the post-Soviet period. The outcomes of this study indicate that psychosocial distress and macroeconomy were important determinants of fluctuations in alcohol-related problems rates in both countries. In the context of alcohol policy this mean that decrease in economic and physical availability of alcohol should be considered as a main priority.

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Alcohol-Related Problems in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus: A Trend Analysis

10.47363/jpsrr/2020(3)120 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Razvodovsky YE ◽

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Alcohol Related Problems ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Post Soviet Period ◽

Alcohol Sales

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The Role of Social Anxiety in a Brief Alcohol Intervention for Heavy-Drinking College Students

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.25.1.7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 7-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Meredith A. Terlecki ◽

Julia D. Buckner ◽

Mary E. Larimer ◽

Amy L. Copeland

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcohol Intervention ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Socially Anxious ◽

Alcohol Related Problems

The Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) reduces alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among undergraduates, yet variability in outcomes exists. Identifying individual difference variables related to outcomes could inform efforts to improve treatment protocols. The current study evaluated the role of social anxiety during BASICS. High socially anxious (HSA; n = 26) and low socially anxious (LSA; n = 44) heavy-drinking undergraduates were randomly assigned to BASICS (n = 38) or an assessment-only control (n = 32). HSA patients reported higher baseline alcohol consumption (typical drinks, weekly quantity, and frequency). BASICS significantly decreased weekly alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems relative to the control group. Social anxiety moderated outcomes such that in the BASICS condition; HSA patients reported heavier typical drinks at posttest, even after controlling for referral status, baseline typical drinks, and trait anxiety. This was not the case in the control group. HSA patients may benefit from social anxiety-specific interventions during BASICS.

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