scholarly journals Three-Dimensional and Histological Observations on Male Genital Organs of Greater Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Hyuk Sohn ◽  
Dai Fukui ◽  
Taro Nojiri ◽  
Kazuhiro Minowa ◽  
Junpei Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Forced Copulation ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Male Genital

Abstract Anatomy of bat genital organs has been conventionally studied by gross and microscopic observations to date. Here, we employ both histological observation and diceCT (diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography) to study the detailed three-dimensional morphological structure of the male genital organs in bats, using the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. This is the first study to three-dimensionally describe the whole reproductive organs of bats in detail. Our highly resolved three-dimensional reconstruction reveals that the male organs of R. ferrumequinum consist of paired testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, and five accessory genital glands. The boundary between the ampullary and vesicular glands has been difficult to identify in previous observations, but our diceCT imaging allowed us to clearly differentiate the two. We found that the ampullary gland is located at the terminal part of the deferent ducts, and the vesicular gland lies distal to the ampullary glands. This species possesses a single and carrot-shaped urethral gland, which is not found in most chiropteran families. The presence of the urethral gland in this species and its secretions suggest that after copulation this species is capable of forming a vaginal plug, which can seal the female’s vaginal orifice to block the entrance of spermatozoa from other males. The presence of the urethral gland and elongated epididymal tail and the fact that some individuals can terminate their hibernation and reactivate imply forced copulation on hibernating females can occur in R. ferrumequinum.

Morphological Structure of the Infraorbital Canal Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1166-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhao Xu ◽  
Yuzhu Guo ◽  
Dongliang Lv ◽  
Jingli Guo ◽  
Wentao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Infraorbital Canal ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

scholarly journals Detection of response to tumor microenvironment–targeted cellular immunotherapy using nano-radiomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
pp. eaba6156
Author(s):  
Laxman Devkota ◽  
Zbigniew Starosolski ◽  
Charlotte H. Rivas ◽  
Igor Stupin ◽  
Ananth Annapragada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Cellular Immunotherapy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cell Immunotherapy ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Conventional Ct

Immunotherapies, including cell-based therapies, targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) result in variable and delayed responses. Thus, it has been difficult to gauge the efficacy of TME-directed therapies early after administration. We investigated a nano-radiomics approach (quantitative analysis of nanoparticle contrast–enhanced three-dimensional images) for detection of tumor response to cellular immunotherapy directed against myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a key component of TME. Animals bearing human MDSC-containing solid tumor xenografts received treatment with MDSC-targeting human natural killer (NK) cells and underwent nanoparticle contrast–enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging. Whereas conventional CT-derived tumor metrics were unable to differentiate NK cell immunotherapy tumors from untreated tumors, nano-radiomics revealed texture-based features capable of differentiating treatment groups. Our study shows that TME-directed cellular immunotherapy causes subtle changes not effectively gauged by conventional imaging metrics but revealed by nano-radiomics. Our work provides a method for noninvasive assessment of TME-directed immunotherapy potentially applicable to numerous solid tumors.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Description of the Angular Artery in the Nasolabial Fold

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Gelezhe ◽  
Victor Gombolevskiy ◽  
Sergey Morozov ◽  
Dmitry V Melnikov ◽  
Tatiana Aleksandrovna Korb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nasolabial Fold ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Arterial Trunk ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Nasal Ala ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Oral Commissure

Abstract Background Due to its arterial vasculature, the nasolabial sulcus is one of the most challenging facial regions to treat when trying to ameliorate the signs of facial aging. Objectives The aim of the present study was to provide data on the 3-dimensional course of the angular artery within the nasolabial sulcus in relation to age, gender, and body mass index to increase safety during minimally invasive treatments. Methods Thee hundred nasolabial sulci from 75 males and 75 females of Russian Caucasian ethnic background (mean [standard deviation] age, 45.7 [18.7] years; mean body mass index, 25.14 [4.9] kg/m2) were analyzed. Bilateral multiplanar measurements were based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography cranial scans. Results Up to 3 arteries could be identified within the nasolabial sulcus: ~90% contained 1 arterial trunk, ~9% had 2 trunks, and ~1% had 3 trunks; females had more arteries than men. The artery is located at mean depths of 21.6 mm at the oral commissure and 8.9 mm at the nasal ala. The angular artery was lateral to the nasolabial sulcus in 100% of cases; the smallest distance between the artery and the nasolabial sulcus was at the oral commissure (11.91 [7.9] mm) and the greatest was at the nasal ala (13.73 [3.9] mm). Conclusions In contrast to current concepts, the angular artery is not located strictly subdermal to the nasolabial sulcus but at a variable depth, and in 100% of the investigated cases lateral to the nasolabial sulcus. With increasing age, the depth and lateral distance between arteries and sulci reduces significantly, underscoring the need for special caution when injecting this site.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document