High fat-low protein diet induces metabolic alterations and cognitive dysfunction in female rats

Epidemiological studies suggest a link between fetal/early infant nutrition and adult coronary artery disease. In the present study, we examined the effects of altering nutrition during gestation, lactation and juvenile life on aortic structure and function in rats. Wistar rat dams were fed either a control or low-protein diet throughout pregnancy, or a low-protein diet for the final 7 days of gestation only. At 21 days post-partum, male pups were weaned on to a control, low-protein or high-fat diet. At 12 weeks, the offspring rats were killed. In 46 rats, aortic sections were mounted and stained to assess media thickness and elastin content. In a further 38 rats, aortic rings were suspended in an organ bath and vascular reactivity was tested with dose–response curves to the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine and the endothelium-independent dilator sodium nitroprusside. Rats exposed to maternal protein restriction while in utero had a significantly decreased aortic wall thickness compared with control rats (P=0.005). Total elastin content of the aorta was also decreased by both maternal low-protein (P=0.02) and early postnatal low-protein (P=0.01) diets. Neither maternal nor postnatal low-protein or high-fat diets, however, resulted in any significant changes in arterial dilator function. In conclusion, fetal undernutrition in rats, induced via a maternal low-protein diet, causes a decrease in aortic wall thickness and elastin content without altering aortic dilator function. These changes in vascular structure may amplify aging-related changes to the vasculature and contribute to the pathophysiology of the putative link between impaired fetal growth and adult cardiovascular disease.

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Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2017/9652978 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Camila Lubaczeuski ◽

Luciana Mateus Gonçalves ◽

Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi ◽

Mirian Ayumi Kurauti ◽

Junia Carolina Santos-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Insulin Clearance ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽

Low Protein

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three groups: LP group, which continued receiving a low-protein diet; LP + HF group, which started to receive a high-fat diet; and LP + HFvag group, which underwent vagotomy and also was kept at a high-fat diet. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets, ipGTT, ipITT, in vivo insulin clearance, and liver expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was accessed. Vagotomy improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion but did not alter adiposity and insulin sensitivity in the LP + HFvag, compared with the LP + HF group. Improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulinemia, probably due to a diminished insulin clearance, as judged by the lower C-peptide : insulin ratio, during the ipGTT. Finally, vagotomy also reduced liver IDE expression in this group. In conclusion, when submitted to vagotomy, the metabolic programmed mice showed improved glucose tolerance, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration as a result of insulin clearance reduction, a phenomenon probably due to diminished liver IDE expression.

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Low-protein diet impairs vascular relaxation in virgin and pregnant rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs1020553 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 553-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Angeliki KOUMENTAKI ◽

Frederick ANTHONY ◽

Lucilla POSTON ◽

Timothy WHEELER

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Female Rats ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

No Donor ◽

Low Protein

Pregnancy is associated with increases in maternal cardiac output and plasma volume and a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance. Cardiac output and plasma volume are substantially reduced in pregnant rats fed a low-protein diet, but it is not known whether vascular function is also compromised. We have investigated vascular function in virgin and pregnant Wistar rats subjected to dietary protein restriction [9% (w/v) casein, compared with 18% (w/v) casein for controls]. The diets were fed to the groups for 18 days; in the pregnant rats, the diets were given from day 1 of pregnancy. Branches of the mesenteric arteries were studied on day 18 of the dietary period using myography. Significant reductions in sensitivity to acetylcholine occurred in vessels from virgin (P = 0.04) and pregnant (P = 0.01) rats that had consumed the 9% casein diet. In arteries from the virgin rats on the restricted diet there was also a significant reduction in sensitivity (P = 0.0003) and maximum relaxation (P = 0.009) to the NO donor spermine NONOate. Mean placental and fetal weights were significantly lower in the rats fed on 9% casein (P<0.0001 and P = 0.005 respectively). Thus low-protein diets impair vasodilator responses in female rats. These effects may contribute to the poor cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy and lower fetal weights associated with restricted protein intake.

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Healing of Gingival Wounds in Female Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345630420062901 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1511-1516 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S.S. Stahl

Keyword(s):

Protein Diet ◽

Female Rats ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein

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Effect of nutrition on growth and somatomedin A levels in the rat

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0940321 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 321-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kazue Takano ◽

Naomi Hizuka ◽

Kazuo Shizume ◽

Yoko Hasumi ◽

Toshio Tsushima

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Weight ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Protein ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Fat Diets

Abstract. Serum somatomedin A was significantly reduced after 3 days of fasting in rats with a mean decrease of 23.6 ± 2.4% (N = 18) of initial values. Re-feeding for one day produced a definite increase in somatomedin A, with a rise in body weight. When re-fed isocalorically for 21 days with diets of different quality, a low protein diet led to smaller increases in both seum somatomedin A and body weight in comparison to those of control-, high-protein- and high fat-diets (P < 0.001). There is a positive correlation between the increase in body weight and serum somatomedin A levels (N = 70, r = 0.71, P< 0.001). The effect of growth hormone on somatomedin generation was abolished in hypophysectomized rats fed with low-protein diet. Our study suggests that protein in the diet is important for the generation of somatomedin A, which is necessary for normal growth.

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THE EFFECT OF PARATHION ON THE LIVER AND KIDNEY CARBOXYLESTERASES AND THE PLASMA ACETYLCHOLINESTERASES OF RATS FED NUTRITIONALLY DEFICIENT DIETS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o66-099 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 809-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sheila I. Read ◽

E. J. Middleton ◽

W. P. Mckinley

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Male And Female ◽

Low Protein ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney

Female rats were fed diets low in minerals, vitamins, or protein, or a control diet, both alone and supplemented with 10 parts per million (p.p.m.) parathion for 3 weeks. Male and female rats were fed control and tow-vitamin diets both with and without parathion supplementation (0–10 p.p.m.) for 3 weeks. The liver and kidney carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1.), and the plasma acetylcholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.7.) of the male rats, were measured.In the female rats, a low-mineral diet resulted in an increase of carboxylesterases in the liver and kidney; a low-vitamin diet caused a marked increase in liver carboxylesterases but had no effect on the carboxylesterases of the kidney. Parathion at 10 p.p.m. in all diets greatly reduced the liver carboxylesterases but had less effect on kidney carboxylesterases, except in the case of the low-protein diet, for which the reduction was similar to that in the liver. Varying amounts of parathion added to the low-vitamin diet reduced the liver and kidney carboxylesterases, but to a less extent than when added to the control diet.The liver carboxylesterases of male rats were inhibited approximately 50% by 2 p.p.m. parathion in the control diet and by 4 p.p.m. parathion in the low-vitamin diet. However, inhibition of plasma acetylcholinesterase and kidney carboxylesterases was not marked until the 10 p.p.m. parathion level was fed. The acetylcholinesterase activity of the plasma of male rats did not decrease until the level of liver carboxylesterases was very low.

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Changes in coronary arteries of mice fed a high-fat, low-protein diet followed by a normal diet

The Anatomical Record ◽

10.1002/ar.1091650307 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 165 (3) ◽

pp. 379-389

Author(s):

Allen D. Ashburn ◽

George T. Smith-Vaniz ◽

Jack L. Wilson ◽

W. Lane Williams

Keyword(s):

Coronary Arteries ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Protein

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A Low Protein Diet Alters Bone Material Level Properties and the Response toIn VitroRepeated Mechanical Loading

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/185075 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Victor Dubois-Ferrière ◽

René Rizzoli ◽

Patrick Ammann

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Loading ◽

Mechanical Loading ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Female Rats ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Nanoindentation Test ◽

Displacement Curve ◽

Bone Material ◽

Low Protein

Low protein intake is associated with an alteration of bone microstructure and material level properties. However, it remains unknown whether these alterations of bone tissue could influence the response to repeated mechanical loading. The authors investigated thein vitroeffect of repeated loading on bone strength in humeri collected from 20 6-month-old female rats pair-fed with a control (15% casein) or an isocaloric low protein (2.5% casein) diet for 10 weeks. Bone specimens were cyclically loaded in three-point bending under load control for 2000 cycles. Humeri were then monotonically loaded to failure. The load-displacement curve of thein vitrocyclically loaded humerus was compared to the contralateral noncyclically loaded humerus and the influence of both protein diets. Material level properties were also evaluated through a nanoindentation test. Cyclic loading decreased postyield load and plastic deflection in rats fed a low protein diet, but not in those on a regular diet. Bone material level properties were altered in rats fed a low protein diet. This suggests that bone biomechanical alterations consequent to cyclic loading are more likely to occur in rats fed a low protein diet than in control animals subjected to the samein vitrocyclic loading regimen.

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