A Rat Model of Neonatal Candidiasis Demonstrates the Importance of Lipases as Virulence Factors for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Trofa ◽  
Lamia Soghier ◽  
Christina Long ◽  
Joshua D. Nosanchuk ◽  
Attila Gacser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Neonatal Candidiasis

scholarly journals Determination of some virulence factors of Candida spp. isolated from locally produced cheese in Diyala Governorate-Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Jawdat Fadihl
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Esterase Production

Locally produced cheese which called (Gibin Al arab) is one of the most common dairy products in Iraq, it has an economic importance and great social value. This research aimed to identify yeast species from locally produced cheese (Gibin Al Arab) in Diyala city which traditionally made and sold in markets of old town in Baquba, and study some of virulence factors (Esterase production, Phospholipase and Hemolytic production) of yeasts belong to genus of Candida . All cheese samples showed contamination with varying number of yeast, total 88 yeast isolates obtained from 70 cheese samples, they were Geotrichum candidum(20.5%), Rhodotorela species(19.4%), Candida parapsilosis (18%), Candida albicans (13.6%), Candida  tropicalis (10.5%), Candida krusei (8%), Saccharomyces cerevisice (3.3%) and mixed yeast (un identified) at rate of (6.7%). Species of Candida formed half of the total isolates and the most prevalent isolate of Candida spp. was Candida parapsilosis .According to the results determining of  (Esterase production, Phospholipase and Hemolytic production) as a virulence factors identifying Candida spp. these activities referred that all isolates of Candida spp. show one or more of these activities and that isolates of  medically important species Candida albicans were the most virulent isolates. this referred to the importance of take attention about consuming of such types of dairy products and need for applying more hygienic measures during handling, processing of milk and form of storage and/or selling of cheese.

scholarly journals Candida Albicans Virulence Factors and Its Pathogenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Mariana Henriques ◽  
Sónia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

Candida albicans lives as commensal on the skin and mucosal surfaces of the genital, intestinal, vaginal, urinary, and oral tracts of 80% of healthy individuals [...]

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Inhibits Candida albicans Virulence Factors and ReducesIn VivoPathogenicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilka Tiemy Kato ◽  
Renato Araujo Prates ◽  
Caetano Padial Sabino ◽  
Beth Burgwyn Fuchs ◽  
George P. Tegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Daughter Cells

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate whetherCandida albicansexhibits altered pathogenicity characteristics following sublethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) and if such alterations are maintained in the daughter cells.C. albicanswas exposed to sublethal APDI by using methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer (0.05 mM) combined with a GaAlAs diode laser (λ 660 nm, 75 mW/cm2, 9 to 27 J/cm2).In vitro, we evaluated APDI effects onC. albicansgrowth, germ tube formation, sensitivity to oxidative and osmotic stress, cell wall integrity, and fluconazole susceptibility.In vivo, we evaluatedC. albicanspathogenicity with a mouse model of systemic infection. Animal survival was evaluated daily. Sublethal MB-mediated APDI reduced the growth rate and the ability ofC. albicansto form germ tubes compared to untreated cells (P< 0.05). Survival of mice systemically infected withC. albicanspretreated with APDI was significantly increased compared to mice infected with untreated yeast (P< 0.05). APDI increasedC. albicanssensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, caffeine, and hydrogen peroxide. The MIC for fluconazole forC. albicanswas also reduced following sublethal MB-mediated APDI. However, none of those pathogenic parameters was altered in daughter cells ofC. albicanssubmitted to APDI. These data suggest that APDI may inhibit virulence factors and reducein vivopathogenicity ofC. albicans. The absence of alterations in daughter cells indicates that APDI effects are transitory. The MIC reduction for fluconazole following APDI suggests that this antifungal could be combined with APDI to treatC. albicansinfections.

scholarly journals Candidemia by Candida parapsilosis in a neonatal intensive care unit: human and environmental reservoirs, virulence factors, and antifungal susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-860
Author(s):  
Ralciane de Paula Menezes ◽  
Sávia Gonçalves de Oliveira Melo ◽  
Meliza Arantes Souza Bessa ◽  
Felipe Flávio Silva ◽  
Priscila Guerino Vilela Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility

scholarly journals Activation of EphA2-EGFR signaling in oral epithelial cells by Candida albicans virulence factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e1009221
Author(s):  
Marc Swidergall ◽  
Norma V. Solis ◽  
Nicolas Millet ◽  
Manning Y. Huang ◽  
Jianfeng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Egfr Signaling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oral Epithelial Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Oral Epithelial

During oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), Candida albicans invades and damages oral epithelial cells, which respond by producing proinflammatory mediators that recruit phagocytes to foci of infection. The ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) detects β-glucan and plays a central role in stimulating epithelial cells to release proinflammatory mediators during OPC. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) also interacts with C. albicans and is known to be activated by the Als3 adhesin/invasin and the candidalysin pore-forming toxin. Here, we investigated the interactions among EphA2, EGFR, Als3 and candidalysin during OPC. We found that EGFR and EphA2 constitutively associate with each other as part of a heteromeric physical complex and are mutually dependent for C. albicans-induced activation. Als3-mediated endocytosis of a C. albicans hypha leads to the formation of an endocytic vacuole where candidalysin accumulates at high concentration. Thus, Als3 potentiates targeting of candidalysin, and both Als3 and candidalysin are required for C. albicans to cause maximal damage to oral epithelial cells, sustain activation of EphA2 and EGFR, and stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion. In the mouse model of OPC, C. albicans-induced production of CXCL1/KC and CCL20 is dependent on the presence of candidalysin and EGFR, but independent of Als3. The production of IL-1α and IL-17A also requires candidalysin but is independent of Als3 and EGFR. The production of TNFα requires Als1, Als3, and candidalysin. Collectively, these results delineate the complex interplay among host cell receptors EphA2 and EGFR and C. albicans virulence factors Als1, Als3 and candidalysin during the induction of OPC and the resulting oral inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Neonatal candidiasis: clinical spectrum and epidemiology in a tertiary care centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Bhavana Koppad ◽  
Kulkarni Poornima Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Neonatal Candidiasis

Background: Candidial infections are a serious problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) which increases the mortality and morbidity in addition to increasing health care costs. Confirming the diagnosis by laboratory tests is difficult and a high index of suspicion is required. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical spectrum and epidemiology of neonatal candidiasis in a tertiary care NICU.Methods: The present study was carried out in the NICU of SDM medical college and hospital, Dharwad. All babies who were admitted to NICU and who had positive blood culture for Candida were included in the study. One year Data (1st December 2015 to 31st November 2016) was collected retrospectively from NICU case records. Statistical test used was chi square test.Results: Total admissions to the NICU during the study period were 2591. Blood cultures were positive in 132 babies. Among these, Candidial sepsis was noted in 39.39% (52) babies. Out of the 52 positive fungal cultures, 15 were Candida albicans, 35 were Candida non albicans and 2 were mixed cultures (Candida albicans and non albicans) showing an increasing incidence of non-albicans Candida infections. Among the non albicans Candida, Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii were the predominant species (11 each) followed by Candida famata (6), Candida krusei (6) and Candida parapsilosis (3). Candidial sepsis was seen to be more common among preterm and low birth weight babies. Usage of antibiotics, Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and mechanical ventilation were common risk factors noted in our study.Conclusions: Systemic Candidiasis is a disease of modern neonatal intensive care. It deserves urgent attention for its prevention as well as effective treatment in order to minimize neonatal morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Virulence Factor and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Oral Candidiasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdillah Imron Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Phenotype Switching

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus causing various forms of candidiasis. However, under certain circumstances it is capable of becoming pathogenic. Pathogenicity of oral candidiasis is a complex process and there is no one factor that can be regarded as the direct cause. This review aims to explain the virulence factors of Candida albicans in oral candidiasis infection and its relation to homeostasis in the mouth. Virulence factors of Candida albicans which is closely related to the nature of pathogens include: adherence and coaggregation, interference of immune system, phenotype switching and several supporting factors such as antibiotic resistance and immunomodulating. How to cite this article Nasution AI. Virulence Factor and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Oral Candidiasis. World J Dent 2013;4(4):267-271.

Paeonol assists fluconazole and amphotericin B to inhibit virulence factors and pathogenicity of Candida albicans

Biofouling ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Min Pan ◽  
Qirui Wang ◽  
Ting Cheng ◽  
Daqiang Wu ◽  
Tianming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Virulence Factors
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