scholarly journals Determination of some virulence factors of Candida spp. isolated from locally produced cheese in Diyala Governorate-Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Jawdat Fadihl
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Esterase Production

Locally produced cheese which called (Gibin Al arab) is one of the most common dairy products in Iraq, it has an economic importance and great social value. This research aimed to identify yeast species from locally produced cheese (Gibin Al Arab) in Diyala city which traditionally made and sold in markets of old town in Baquba, and study some of virulence factors (Esterase production, Phospholipase and Hemolytic production) of yeasts belong to genus of Candida . All cheese samples showed contamination with varying number of yeast, total 88 yeast isolates obtained from 70 cheese samples, they were Geotrichum candidum(20.5%), Rhodotorela species(19.4%), Candida parapsilosis (18%), Candida albicans (13.6%), Candida  tropicalis (10.5%), Candida krusei (8%), Saccharomyces cerevisice (3.3%) and mixed yeast (un identified) at rate of (6.7%). Species of Candida formed half of the total isolates and the most prevalent isolate of Candida spp. was Candida parapsilosis .According to the results determining of  (Esterase production, Phospholipase and Hemolytic production) as a virulence factors identifying Candida spp. these activities referred that all isolates of Candida spp. show one or more of these activities and that isolates of  medically important species Candida albicans were the most virulent isolates. this referred to the importance of take attention about consuming of such types of dairy products and need for applying more hygienic measures during handling, processing of milk and form of storage and/or selling of cheese.

Isolation and Identification of Fungal Isolates caused Otomycosis from some Hospitals and Clinics in Mosul with Determination of Their Virulence Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabeel Al-Sharrad ◽  
Muhammad A. Al-Kataan ◽  
Maha A. Al-Rejaboo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Etiological Agents

Otomycosis is a fungal infection that frequently involves the external auditory canal. In this study, we aimed to isolation and identification the fungal isolates as etiological agents of otomycosis from some hospitals and clinics in Mosul with determination of their virulence factors of fungal etiological agents. Positive fungal infection was found in (43) samples (71.6%). The most common fungal pathogens were Candida and Aspergillus species, with Candida parapsilosis being the predominant isolates in (11) samples (16.6%). Otomycosis was more common in Female in (26) samples (43.3%).Otomycosis was the highest prevalence aged group 15-40 years (19) samples (31.3%). The present study of virulence factors revealed that the highest biofilm formation isolates were C. parapsilosis is (10) isolates which were distributed between (2) strong and (8) weak biofilm formation.Where C.trpicales, was recorded as least isolates for biofilm production.

scholarly journals INCIDENCES OF CANDIDA ALBICANS AND NON-ALBICANS AMONG CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATIENTS OF AKOLA CITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Khandare Ln ◽  
Barate Dl
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Catheter Urine

Objective: Candida spp. is the third leading cause of catheter-related infections. Candida species is a part of human microflora and it becomes pathogenic when certain conditions are present and cause an opportunistic infections. The present study was undertaken to determine incidences of Candida albicans and non-albicans among catheterized urinary tract infection (UTI) patients of Akola city.Methods: A total 60 catheter urine samples were collected from patient of all the age group and both sex who had indwelling urinary catheter. The collected catheterized urine samples of patients from various hospitals of Akola city were used for isolation using HiCrome Candida differential agar.Results: It was found that highest frequency of isolation of Candida spp. was from age group 61-70 years. The predominance of male candidate was more than female having Candida spp. in catheter-associated UTI (C-UTI). Among the Candida spp. C. albicans (64.81%) was predominant over non-albicans spp. while in non-albicans Candida krusei and Candida glabrata were predominant showing 11.11% incidences. It was followed by Candida tropicalis (9.2%) and Candida parapsilosis (3.7%).Conclusion: The incidences of C. albicans and non-albicans were high among catheter-associated UTI patients.

scholarly journals Application of Hydro-ethanol Extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) in the Treatment of Experimental Murine Oral Candidiasis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Oluwole Moses David ◽  
Margaret Olutayo Alese ◽  
Tobi Oyewole ◽  
Oluwole Ojo Alese ◽  
Adekunle Adegbuyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Oral Infections

Background: Oral infection caused by Candida spp. is a major healthcare problem in dental and oral care. Treatment failure has been reported in cases of oral candidiasis as a result of resistance to common antifungals. Aim and Objective: In this study, the in vitro and in vivo activities of extract of Tithonia diversifolia against virulence factor-borne and antifungal resistant-Candida albicans were investigated. Candida albicans was isolated from the saliva of patients attending a tertiary hospital in Ekiti State. Methodology: Standard methods were used to determine the presence of virulence factors in the isolates. In vitro and in vivo anti-candidal activities of the hydro-ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia were also tested on the test fungus. Results: The virulence factors have varying percentage of occurrence in all the isolates with catalase having the highest. Itraconazole and nystatin were not effective against the isolates. Out of the six isolates selected (based on antifungal resistance) only three produced strong biofilm. The reduction in the population of the test organisms by the extract was time and concentration dependent. At the end of candidal challenge and treatment assays, extract of T. diversifolia has lower anti-candidal property compared to nystatin. Conclusion: This study has shown that C. albicans associated with the mouth carries virulence factors and are resistant to common antifungals. In this work, we noticed antifungal effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of T. diversifolia on C. albicans associated with oral infections.

scholarly journals Determination of Predisposing Factors in Developing Candida albicans Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Antifungal Sensitivity Profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Sham Lal ◽  
Om Parkash ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Malik ◽  
Khalida Unar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

Aim: Candiduria is very common in hospitalized patients. It poses a clinical challenge for the physicians since it is usually asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with nosocomial candiduria in urinary tract infection (UTI) suspected patients in Methodology: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and to determine their antifungal sensitivity profile. The urine specimens (168) were collected, microscopically screened for presence of yeast, cultured and analyzed for counting, isolation, phenotypic identification of Candida albicans. and testing antifungal resistance profile. Data regarding age, gender, use of catheter, use of antibiotics, diabetes mellitus among patients was also recorded. Results: Out of 168 specimens, C. albicans were isolated from 69 specimens, whereas 20 specimens showed other Candida spp. Age >45 years, gender female, previous use of antibiotics, urinary catheterization, stay in ICU >1 week were found the main predisposing factors (p<0.05) responsible for developing nosocomial candiduria. All C. albicans isolates were found either susceptible or susceptible-dose dependent to fluconazole, amphotericin B and voriconazole; however, 62.32% of the isolates were resistant to itraconazole. Conclusion: Most frequent candiduria, possible predisposing factors in ICU patients and resistance of C. albicans towards itraconazole is alarming and highlights the need of candiduria surveillance.

scholarly journals Ação antifúngica de extratos e frações de Annona muricata L. sobre Candida spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e28010514938
Author(s):  
Kellyane Karen Ferreira Aguiar Cesar ◽  
Anny Karoline Rodrigues Batista ◽  
Luciana Rocha Paula ◽  
Reginara Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Francisco Laurindo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Candida Spp

Devido ao amplo potencial medicinal de Annona muricata, as pesquisas relacionadas às suas aplicações em diferentes áreas ligadas a saúde são de fundamental importância, principalmente no que se refere a microrganismos infecciosos com tendências a desenvolver mecanismos de resistência, que é o caso de algumas espécies do gênero Candida. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem como principal objetivo verificar a ação antifúngica de extratos metanólicos de Annona muricata sobre Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei e  Candida glabrata. Os órgãos utilizados para obtenção dos extratos metanólicos foram a folha e o fruto da Annona muricata. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram utilizadas cepas ATCC, que foram reativadas e cultivadas em Ágar Saboraud Dextrose. A determinação da atividade antifúngica dos extratos foi realizada pela técnica da difusão em ágar em poços. Na análise dos resultados, os valores de mensuração dos diâmetros dos halos indicaram uma ação mais significativa nos testes realizados com as espécies de C. krusei e C. albicans frente aos extratos brutos da folha e do fruto de A. muricata, com halo de 30mm e 22mm respectivamente. Em relação ao fracionamento químico realizado, os produtos obtidos a partir das frações butanólica e hexánica da folha sobre cepas de C. krusei, C. albicans e C. parapsilosis foram os que apresentaram resultados mais significativos. Dessa forma, comprovou-se que substancias presentes nesse vegetal podem ser utilizadas no controle cepas de Candida, contudo, estudos mais aprofundados são necessários para identificação e isolamento dos compostos biológicos ativos desses vegetais.

scholarly journals The In Vitro Potential of 1-(1H-indol-3-yl) Derivatives against Candida spp. and Aspergillus niger as Tyrosinase Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Giovanna Ginestra ◽  
Francesca Mancuso ◽  
Davide Barreca ◽  
Laura De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitors

Given the increased antimicrobial resistance, global effort is currently focused on the identification of novel compounds, both of natural and chemical origin. The present study reports on the antifungal potential of 1-(1H-indol-3-yl) derivatives, previously known as tyrosinase inhibitors. The effect of seven compounds (indicated as 3a–g) was determined against Candida albicans ATCC 10531, three clinical isolates of Candida albicans, two clinical isolates of Candida glabrata, two clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. The effect of these derivatives on tyrosinase enzymatic activity was also evaluated. Results showed a fungicidal activity of compounds 3b, 3c and 3e against all tested strains at concentrations ranging between 0.250 and 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the association between 3c and fluconazole and between 3b and caspofungin showed a trend of indifference tending toward synergism. Compound 3c was also able to inhibit microbial tyrosinase up to ~28% at the concentration of 0.250 mg/mL. These data could help provide novel therapeutics for topical use to treat fungal infections and increase the potential effectiveness of the association between novel compounds and commercial antifungals in order to combat drug resistance.

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between virulence factors and genotype of Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Mutlu Sariguzel ◽  
Elife Berk ◽  
Ayse Nedret Koc ◽  
Hafize Sav ◽  
Gonca Demir
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Esterase Production ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The aim of study was to investigate the virulence factors of phospholipase, proteinase, esterase production and biofilm formation in Candida species isolated from patients with candidemia, and to assess their relationship with Candida genotypes derived after repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprinting. Methodology: Fifty-two strains were identified to species level according to conventional methods and sequencing. The DiversiLab system was used for the genotyping. Enzyme activities and biofilm formation were evaluated using microbiological methods. Results: The 52 strains were identified as follows: 29 C. parapsilosis, 19 C. albicans, 2 C. glabrata, and 2 C. tropicalis. Phospholipase and proteinase activities were observed to have statistically significant differences between C. albicans and non-albicans Candida (NAC) strains (p < 0.05), with C. albicans strains showing higher virulence. Rep-PCR revealed eight major genotypes (A-H).The 19 C. albicans and the 33 non-albicans Candida isolates yielded seven (A-G) and four (A, B, C, H) genotypes, respectively. C. albicans strains were not shown to have a predominant genotype and showed higher phospholipase and proteinase activitiy than did NAC, regardless of genotype. Genotype H (52%) was the predominant genotype for the NAC including 27 C. parapsilosis strains, but the majority of strains showed low virulence. Conclusions: NAC species were the most common causative agent for candidemia. Genotyping showed low transmission of C. albicans strains, but transmission of C. parapsilosis was high. In candidemia, several Candida virulence factors may be responsible at the same time. However, different genotypes of Candida strains showed different virulence activity.

scholarly journals Identificación y susceptibilidad de Candida spp. en el área ginecológica

Revista Vive ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Julia María Orellana Quito ◽  
Karla Estefanía Pacheco Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Spp

La candidiasis es una infección causada por la acción patógena de Candida spp., catalogada como la segunda causa a nivel mundial de infección vaginal en mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 45 años. Siendo Candida albicans la más prevalente con distribución global. Uno de los problemas de importancia clínica es la resistencia a los antifúngicos debido al uso irracional de los mismos como terapia empírica y profilaxis. Objetivo. Caracterizar la infección por Candida spp., según: perfiles de susceptibilidad y frecuencias de candidiasis vulvo - vaginal relacionada con el balance de contenido vaginal. Así como, la presencia de coinfecciones en mujeres de edad fértil en las ciudades Cuenca - Azogues, que asisten a consulta en el Hospital Monte Sinaí, periodo enero - noviembre de 2020. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, documental de corte transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 136 aislados clínicos, se utilizó un muestreo por cobertura total. Resultados. El grupo etario que prevaleció fue de 19 – 39 años. Candida albicans fue la más prevalente en muestras de secreción vaginal con 92.6 %, seguido de Candida glabrata 6.6 % y Candida parapsilosis con 0.7 %. Las tasas de resistencia se diferenciaron en Miconazol con 19.9 %, Itraconazol 16.9 %, y Fluconazol 14%. Conclusiones. El agente etiológico causal de candidiasis vulvo – vaginal fue Candida albicans. La interpretación del balance de contenido vaginal y perfiles de susceptibilidad, son herramientas clave para el óptimo tratamiento de la paciente con infecciones vaginales, evitando la automedicación y la farmacorresistencia.

A Rat Model of Neonatal Candidiasis Demonstrates the Importance of Lipases as Virulence Factors for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Trofa ◽  
Lamia Soghier ◽  
Christina Long ◽  
Joshua D. Nosanchuk ◽  
Attila Gacser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Neonatal Candidiasis

scholarly journals Enzyme production by Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis in periodontal HIV-positive patients receiving and not receiving antiretroviral therapy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Verónica Dubois ◽  
María González ◽  
María Martínez ◽  
Laura Fedelli ◽  
Sabrina Lamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Hiv Patients

Candida dubliniensis (Cd) and Candida albicans (Ca) are the most frequently isolated yeasts in HIV+ patients. Some of the enzymes produced by these yeasts are considered virulence factors since they contribute to pathogenicity of Candida spp. The aim of the present study was to compare production of enzymes such as phospholipase (Ph), proteinase (P), and hemolysin (H) by Cd and Ca strains isolated from periodontal HIV-positive patients receiving and not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained using paper points, and a sample of oral mucosa was taken using a swab. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to isolate 39 strains of Candida, including 25 strains of Cd and 14 strains of Ca, obtained from 33 periodontal pocket samples and 6 oral mucosa samples collected from 15 HIV+ patients (8 receiving and 7 not receiving HAART). Malt egg-yolk agar, albumin agar and blood agar were used to evaluate pH, P and H production respectively. The strains were inoculated in duplicate and incubated at 37 ºC. Colony and halo diameters were measured. A greater proportion of Ca was observed in patients not receiving HAART, and a higher proportion of Cd was observed in those under HAART, Chi2 p< 0.001. Phospholipase production was observed in 92.9% percent of isolated Ca strains but in none of the isolated Cd strains. Proteinase production was high in Ca and Cd strains isolated from patients not receiving HAART. Hemolysin production was observed in all the studied strains, though it was significantly higher (p=0.04) in Ca and Cd strains isolated from patients not receiving HAART. To sum up, the proportion of Candida dubliniensis strains was highest in the subgingival biofilm of patients receiving HAART, and Cd strains were found to express fewer virulence factors than Ca strains.

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