Fethiye Bölgesinde Açıkta Satılan Tüketime Hazır Bazı Gıdalarda Koliform Bakteri Sayısının Belirlenmesi

Since coliform bacteria are common both in the intestine and in nature (soil, plant, etc.), they are considered as a sanitation indicator in the food industry. It is known that the majority of bacteria defined as fecal coliform in the coliform group are Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria in any sample is an indication that the necessary hygienic measures are not taken during production, storage, and sale. That means the sample is directly or indirectly contaminated with faeces, and/or other intestinal pathogens may also exist. In this study, raw milk, freshly squeezed fruit juices, unpackaged ice cream, shaved ice, and ice-cold samples were purchased from the famous touristic destination Fethiye and analyzed for coliform bacteria. For this purpose, the samples were purchased from local marketplaces, buffets, cafes, patisseries, restaurants, and roadsides at Fethiye. In total 60 samples were analyzed using Violet Red Bile (VRB) Agar. The results of coliform bacteria ranged

Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance; Phenotypic and genotypic characterization

Improper use of the antimicrobials as E. coli giving the microorganism multi-resistance against many antimicrobials by gene mutation on integrons, transposons and plasmids. Therefore, our aim in this study is to 1)examine antibiotics resistance phenotype and genotype in Escherichia coli, 2) identifying the structure of bacterial resistance genes on whole-genome sequencing against multi-drug resistant of Escherichia coli in marketed poultry meat. Samples collected, prepared and Bacteriological examination, Antimicrobial sensitivity test performed, Serological identification of Escherichia coli isolates. Results declared that; the prevalence of E. coli from tested chicken meat samples of 100 chicken meat samples surveyed against E. coli the result declared that about 40%. Antimicrobial susceptibility was; antibiotics of choice against E. coli Sulfonamides, Cephalosporins,Tetracyclines, Quinolones. Serologically, STEC (O157:H7) 30%, ETEC (O142) 10%, EHEC (O26:H11). The subunit B of shiga-like toxin (SLT) gene appeared as a homogenous band. Heat-labile toxin (LT) gene was screened in both genomic DNA and plasmid preps in tested strains. Control STEC as it represents a danger to the poultry consumers. We recommended to increase the hygienic measures during slaughtering, processing and/or handling of chicken carcasses and avoidance unnecessary usage of any antimicrobials to avoid appearance of new antimicrobials resistant.

Hygienic assessment of risk factors and health of forensic scientists

The objective of the study was to develop and implement the system of hygienic measures eliminating (mitigating) the impact of risk factors in the work of forensic scientists and to estimate effectiveness of these measures and the program aimed at improvement of employment terms for forensic scientists [1, 2]. Forensic scientists were compared to a control group of other doctors. The following researches were carried out: survey of 303 forensic scientists, analysis of their employment terms based on employment terms special evaluation (2,736 materials of employment terms special evaluation), examination of forensic scientists’ health compared to other doctors by analyzing medical examination results (309 health records). Protection and promotion of working population’s health is the state priority. Its purpose is to preserve labor potential and create conditions for economic development of the country. Medical workers are exposed to a combined, complex, and associated effect of working environment conditions and parameters [3, 4]. Industrial and social factors can result in a rising incidence, reduction in life expectancy, ill health and medical staff performance increment, and require preventive measures. Those working for forensic expert organizations constitute a special population due to a large number of professional, medical and organizational, and social risk factors [5].

Chronic deep recurrent pyoderma in the outpatient practice of the surgeon

Introduction. Chronic deep pyoderma occurs relatively rare in the surgeon practice and, due to the poor knowledge of this pathology, its diagnosis is difficult by surgeons. Misdiagnosis leads to erroneous treatment tactics. Chronic deep recurrent pyoderma includes: abscessing and disrupting perifolliculitis of the head (Hoffmann) (ADPH), axillary and inguinal-perineal suppurative hydradenitis, pilonidal cyst of the sacrococcygeal area. The diseases listed follow the same pathogenesis.The purpose of the publication: to acquaint surgeons with the diagnosis and treatment of a particular type of chronic deep recurrent pyoderma – abscessing and disrupting head perifolliculitis (Hoffmann) in the conditions of the surgery room, since this problem is purely issued in the literature of the subject.Material and methods. Since 2007 until to 2020, we had observed 20 cases of deep chronic recurrent pyoderma (15 men and 5 women), but only two cases were correctly detected before treatment, in other cases – retrospectively. Research method: analyzing of clinical observation data and laboratory tests.Results. In our practice, nine men suffered from abscessing and disrupting perifolliculitis of the head. We had described and classificated the features of this disease, focused on three clinical cases.Conclusions. Abscessing and disrupting perifolliculitis of the head is still purely diagnosable and curable disease, the treatment as follows: regimen and hygienic measures, surgical treatment, conservative treatment. Surgical treatment should be as radical as possible.

Prevalence of different mold genera and total aflatoxin content in frozen chicken meat and giblets: a health risk assessment study

This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of different mould genera and total aflatoxins (AFTs) content in the retailed frozen chicken breast, thigh, and giblets, including wings, livers, and gizzards. Furthermore, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of AFTs were calculated. Aflatoxin-related cancer risks among Egyptian adults and children were further assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The obtained results indicated mould contamination of the examined chicken breast, thigh, wings, livers, and gizzards at 40%, 30%, 25%, 70%, and 60%, respectively. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were the most predominant mould genera among the examined samples. Further identification of the isolated Aspergilli revealed that Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were the dominant Aspergillus spp. AFTs were detected only in 40% and 25% of the examined liver and gizzard samples, respectively. Positive correlations between AFTs and total mould counts in both livers and gizzards were observed. Calculation of the EDI and MOE of AFTs via consumption of chicken livers and gizzards revealed that excessive consumption of such products represents a potential risk, particularly among children. Therefore, it is highly recommended to adopt strict hygienic measures during the processing and storage of chicken carcasses and reduce the daily intake of chicken livers and giblets.

Cryptosporidium sp. infection in the broiler chickens and turkeys on farms in north central Algeria

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in broiler chickens and turkeys and the factors that can influence its development, the precision of the most frequent sites of Cryptosporidium, and the severity of lesions associated with the disease. From October 2019 to September 2020, the prevalence of Cryptosporidia infection was determined on 22 farms located in north central Algeria. For each farm, weekly visits were conducted during the study period and information on the type of farming and health status was collected. At these farms, 98 chickens and 22 turkeys were examined and clinical lesions recorded. Analyses of faeces, tissue samples and scrapings made from the intestine, bursa of Fabricius, trachea, cloaca and proventriculus revealed a prevalence of 55% at chicken farms. The age of chickens was found to be a significant factor, with a high frequency of the disease observed in chickens aged between 10 to 50 days with a maximum between 31 and 40 days (84.62%). The parasite was not detected in chickens younger than 7 days. The most common site of Cryptosporidium sp. was the bursa (24.2%), followed by the trachea (21.5%), cloaca (18.9%), intestine (16.3%), and proventriculus (6.6%). In turkeys, the overall prevalence was 41%. The bursa was the most infected organ (23.81%), followed by the cloaca (15.79%) and intestine (9%). For both avian species, data confirmed the impact of season, strain (genetic potential), and rearing conditions on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. To conclude, our results showed that Cryptosporidium was very common on these farms, and was related mainly to climatic conditions and poor management, particularly hygienic measures.

First study on oxyuriosis in horses from Algeria: Prevalence and clinical aspects

The present study was carried out the Tiaret region, on horses belonging to the Chaouchaoua National Haras, ONDEEC and on two private farms during the period from February 05th to April 17th, 2019. It aims to assess the overall prevalence of equine oxyuriosis in the area and to describe the most dominant clinical signs of this parasite infection. Scotch tape test was applied on 176 horses randomly selected and the microscopic observation of slides was carried out at the parasitology laboratory of the Veterinary institute of Tiaret. The overall prevalence of Oxyuris equi was 38.64% with females being more infected (37.04%) than males (20.45%). The prevalence of oxyuriosis was higher in fillies (70%) than in foals (48.39%).The high prevalence of Oxyuris equi was recorded in the private farms with a percentage of 85% and 44% in farm 1 and 2, respectively. The more commonly clinical signs were tail rubbing in 42% and scratching in 32% of positive horses.Equine oxyuriosis is a common infection in the study area and requires the application of hygienic measures with more therapeutic and preventive care.

Homeopathic Medicines Used as Prophylaxis in Kolkata during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Community-Based, Cluster-Randomized Trial

Introduction There is some evidence that homeopathic treatment has been used successfully in previous epidemics, and currently some countries are testing homeoprophylaxis for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is a strong tradition of homeopathic treatment in India: therefore, we decided to compare three different homeopathic medicines against placebo in prevention of COVID-19 infections. Methods In this double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, four parallel arms, community-based, clinical trial, a 20,000-person sample of the population residing in Ward Number 57 of the Tangra area, Kolkata, was randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio of clusters to receive one of three homeopathic medicines (Bryonia alba 30cH, Gelsemium sempervirens 30cH, Phosphorus 30cH) or identical-looking placebo, for 3 (children) or 6 (adults) days. All the participants, who were aged 5 to 75 years, received ascorbic acid (vitamin C) tablets of 500 mg, once per day for 6 days. In addition, instructions on healthy diet and general hygienic measures, including hand washing, social distancing and proper use of mask and gloves, were given to all the participants. Results No new confirmed COVID-19 cases were diagnosed in the target population during the follow-up timeframe of 1 month—December 20, 2020 to January 19, 2021—thus making the trial inconclusive. The Phosphorus group had the least exposure to COVID-19 compared with the other groups. In comparison with placebo, the occurrence of unconfirmed COVID-19 cases was significantly less in the Phosphorus group (week 1: odds ratio [OR], 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.16; week 2: OR, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.0002 to 0.06; week 3: OR, 0.007; 95% CI, 0.0004 to 0.11; week 4: OR, 0.009; 95% CI, 0.0006 to 0.14), but not in the Bryonia or Gelsemium groups. Conclusion Overall, the trial was inconclusive. The possible effect exerted by Phosphorus necessitates further investigation. Trial registration: CTRI/2020/11/029265.