Glial Plasticity in the Trigeminal Root Entry Zone of a Rat Trigeminal Neuralgia Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1893-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
DaoShu Luo ◽  
Ren Lin ◽  
LiLi Luo ◽  
QiuHua Li ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Root

Diagnostic relevance of trigeminal evoked potentials following infraorbital nerve stimulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Leandri ◽  
Emilio Favale
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Infraorbital Nerve ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Parasellar Region ◽  
Trigeminal Root ◽  
The Brain

✓ A new tool in neurophysiological exploration of the trigeminal nerve has recently been introduced. It has been demonstrated that stimulation of the infraorbital nerve trunk gives rise to very reliable scalp responses reflecting the activity of the afferent pathway between the maxillary nerve and the brain stem. The authors demonstrate that alterations of such trigeminal evoked responses fit with documented pathological processes at various locations along the trigeminal pathway (maxillary sinus, parasellar region, and within the brainstem parenchyma). They report the findings in 68 patients suffering from “idiopathic” trigeminal neuralgia. Alterations of the response were detected in 33 cases, suggesting that some damage of the nerve had taken place either at the root entry zone into the pons (23 cases) or slightly distal to it (10 cases). Such results support the hypothesis that trigeminal neuralgia may be due to a compression of the trigeminal root at the pons entry zone.

Cluster Headache-Like Pain in Multiple Sclerosis

Cephalalgia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 732-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Leandri ◽  
G Craccu ◽  
A Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Root

We describe a case with simultaneous occurrence of cluster headache-like pain and multiple sclerosis. Both neuroimaging and neurophysiology (trigeminal evoked potentials) revealed a demyelination plaque in the pons, at the trigeminal root entry zone, on the side of pain. Although that type of lesion is usually associated with trigeminal neuralgia pain, we hypothesize that in this case it may be linked with the concomitant cluster headache, possibly by activation of trigemino-vascular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Using RNA-Seq to Explore the Hub Genes in the Trigeminal Root Entry Zone of Rats by Compression Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. E573-E581
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Root

BACKGROUND: Mechanical compression on the trigeminal root entry zone (TREZ) by microvascular is the main etiology of primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN). OBJECTIVES: To study the pathogenesis of TN, hub genes screening in the TREZ of TN in an animal model was performed. STUDY DESIGN: A double blind, randomized study was designed in a controlled animal trial. SETTING: The research took place in the Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy at the School of Basic Medical Science of Fujian Medical University. METHODS: Twelve male rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group and a TN animal model group. TN animal model was induced by chronic compression of trigeminal nerve root (CCT) operation. Gene expression in the TREZ were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technique. KEGG analysis, GO analysis, and PPI analysis were performed in the DEGs. Key signaling pathways analyzing by GSEA and the hub genes in the DEGs were also studied. Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the RNA-Seq results. RESULTS: Transcriptome data showed that 352 genes up-regulated and 59 genes down-regulated in DEGs on post-operation day 21, after CCT operation in the TN group. KEGG analysis revealed that, “neuroactive ligand receptor interaction” and “cytokine cytokine receptor interaction” may be related to the pathogenesis of TN. GO analysis showed “regulation of signing receptor activity”, “chemokine activity”, and “carbohydrate binging” may be related to TN. The RT-qPCR results were consistent with the test results, indicating that the transcriptome sequencing results were reliable. LIMITATIONS: Although the incidence of TN in female rats was higher than in male rats, we only used male SD rats to establish the TN animal model, to avoid the effect of estrogen on experimental results. This study only presents some respects of RNA-Seq technique and, therefore, did not identify the DEGs at the protein level. The relationship between the DEGs at different levels shoud be done in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of RNA-seq, this study discovered 6 hub genes in the TREZ that are closely related to the TN animal model, which provide a potential breakthrough point to explore the pathogenesis of TN. KEY WORDS: Animal model, compression injury, hub gene, rat, RNA-seq, transcriptome, trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal root entry zone

A 10-year experience in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van Loveren ◽  
John M. Tew ◽  
Jeffrey T. Keller ◽  
Mary A. Nurre
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Trigeminal Root ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Of 1000 patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia who were treated during the last 10 years, 90% had an initial favorable response to medical therapy, but 75% (750 patients) failed to achieve satisfactory long-term relief. Of these, 700 patients were treated by percutaneous stereotaxic rhizotomy (PSR) and 50 were selected for posterior fossa exploration (PFE). Of the 50 patients undergoing PFE, 82% had neurovascular contact at the trigeminal root entry zone, but only 46% were judged to have had significant neurovascular compression. Exploration was negative in 16% of patients and revealed neural compression by bone in 2%. Patients with neurovascular compression were treated by microvascular decompression (MVD); all other patients with exploratory surgery underwent partial sensory rhizotomy. At 3 years after PFE, 84% of patients are pain-free. Results are excellent in 68%, good in 12%, fair in 4%; 12% had a recurrence of their neuralgia. The 700 patients treated by PSR have been followed for 6 years. Results are excellent in 61%, good in 13%, fair in 5%, and poor in 1%; 20% had a recurrence. This study indicates that there is no significant difference in results between PSR and PFE in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The concept that neurovascular compression is a mechanical factor in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia was supported, but neurovascular compression was less common than previously reported. Percutaneous stereotaxic rhizotomy is a less formidable procedure than PFE, and is easily repeated. Recent technical advances have improved the results obtained with PSR. Therefore, PSR remains the procedure of choice for the majority of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

scholarly journals TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
SHAHZAD SHAMS ◽  
FARHAN SHAHZAD BUTT
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Trigeminal Root ◽  
Lancinating Pain ◽  
Vascular Decompression

Objectives: trigeminal Neuralgia is a severe lancinating pain and isassociated with conflict between a vessel and 5th cranial nerve. Micro vascular Decompression (MVD) of the nerverelieves this pain. Material & Methods: We reviewed 60 patients who underwent MVD for medically intractabletrigeminal neuralgia. The outcome of procedure was assessed retrospectively. Results: Preoperative symptoms rangedfrom 3 months to 10 years. Right side of face was affected in 32 and left in 28 patients. Mandibular division (21.6%)was the most commonly involved branch for referred pain. Superior cerebellar artery was the commonest offendingvessel in 86.6% of cases. Trigeminal root entry zone location (70%) was the commonest site of conflict. Postoperativepain relief showed excellent results in 86.6%, good in 10.0% and poor in 3.4%. Recurrence rate was 1.5% per year.Conclusion: MVD is safe, effective and treatment of choice for trigeminal neuralgia.

scholarly journals Trigeminal Neuralgia and Multiple Sclerosis: A Historical Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Burkholder ◽  
Peter J. Koehler ◽  
Christopher J. Boes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Root ◽  
Early English ◽  
Hermann Oppenheim

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) was first described in Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studirende in 1894 by Hermann Oppenheim, including a pathologic description of trigeminal root entry zone demyelination. Early English-language translations in 1900 and 1904 did not so explicitly state this association compared with the German editions. The 1911 English-language translation described a more direct association. Other later descriptions were clinical with few pathologic reports, often referencing Oppenheim but citing the 1905 German or 1911 English editions of Lehrbuch. This discrepancy in part may be due to the translation differences of the original text.

Microvascular Relations of the Trigeminal Nerve: An Anatomical Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Klun ◽  
Borut Prestor
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trigeminal Root

Abstract The neurovascular relationships in the trigeminal root entry zone were studied in 130 trigeminal root entry zones of 65 cadavers. No history of facial or trigeminal pain had been obtained during life in these subjects. The technique of intravascular injection, which allowed good visualization and evaluation of the neurovascular relationships, is described. A total of 42 examples of contact with the root entry zone and 10 examples of compression were identified. In 30 of the examples of contact, the finding could be related to an artery; in the other examples, it appeared to be due to veins. Of the arterial compressions, the superior cerebellar artery was responsible in 53.8%, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery was responsible in 25.6%, and pontine branches of the basilar artery were responsible for the remaining 20.6%. Only one instance of unequivocal compression by a vein was found. Other anatomical observations of interest are reported. The absence of a history of trigeminal neuralgia in the 7% of examined nerves in which root entry zone showed arterial compression is in marked contrast to the finding of 80% or more in the operative series for trigeminal neuralgia. It seems that vascular compressions may be the predominant but not the sole cause of trigeminal neuralgia.

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