The Anticonvulsant Effect of a Novel Indole-Related Compound in the Kainate-Induced Status Epilepticus in Mice: The Role of the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Mechanism

The brain's response to ischemic injury is an acute and long-term inflammatory process. This process involves activation of resident cells (mainly microglia, hematogenous macrophages), production of proinflammatory mediators and infiltration of various proinflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes). These cells play an essential role in ischemic brain tissue by releasing either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators at different time points. However, the exact pathogenesis of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory genes in this process has not yet been elucidated. This review aims to investigate the inflammatory process of stroke, especially the role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in the pathogenesis of stroke. We also summarize the current clinical trials of drugs that target the inflammatory mechanism for intervention.

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Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism Involved in Pomegranate-Mediated Prevention of Breast Cancer: the Role of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu9050436 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 436 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Animesh Mandal ◽

Deepak Bhatia ◽

Anupam Bishayee

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Prevention Of Breast Cancer

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Anti-inflammatory mechanism of PPARγ on LPS-induced pulp cells: Role of the ROS removal activity

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.09.009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 392-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jae-Cheol Kim ◽

Young-Hee Lee ◽

Mi-Kyung Yu ◽

Nan-Hee Lee ◽

Jong-Duk Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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An Insight into Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Inflammation Related Diseases of Anthocyanins: A Review of Both In Vivo and In Vitro Investigations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222011076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (20) ◽

pp. 11076

Author(s):

Zilong Ma ◽

Bin Du ◽

Jun Li ◽

Yuedong Yang ◽

Fengmei Zhu

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

Clear Insight ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Insight Into

Anthocyanin is a type of flavonoid pigment widely present in fruits and vegetables. It can not only be used as natural pigment, but also has a variety of health functions, for instance, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities. Persistent proinflammatory status is a major factor in the development, progression, and complications of chronic diseases. Not surprisingly, there are thus many food ingredients that can potentially affect inflammation related diseases and many studies have shown that anthocyanins play an important role in inflammatory pathways. In this paper, the inflammation related diseases (such as, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) of anthocyanins are introduced, and the anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins is emphatically introduced. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of anthocyanins is elaborated from the aspects of NF-κB, toll like receptor, MAPKs, NO, and ROS and the main efficacy of anthocyanins in inflammation and related diseases is determined. In conclusion, this review aims to get a clear insight into the role of anthocyanins in inflammation related diseases.

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Anti-inflammatory activity of CD44 antibodies in murine immune thrombocytopenia is mediated by Fcγ receptor inhibition

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.2020009497 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Alan Albert Norris ◽

Gurleen Kaur ◽

Ramsha Khan ◽

Guangheng Zhu ◽

Heyu Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽

Mechanistic Explanation ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Receptor Inhibition ◽

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

Igg Binding ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Monoclonal IgG antibodies to CD44 (anti-CD44) are anti-inflammatory in numerous murine autoimmune models but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Anti-CD44 anti-inflammatory activity shows complete therapeutic concordance with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treating autoimmune disease models, making anti-CD44 a potential IVIg alternative. In murine immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), there is currently no mechanistic explanation for anti-CD44 activity although anti-CD44 ameliorates disease similarly to IVIg. Here we demonstrate a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of anti-CD44 that explains disease amelioration by anti-CD44 in murine ITP. Macrophages treated with anti-CD44 in vitro had dramatically suppressed phagocytosis through FcγRs in two separate systems of IgG-opsonized platelets and erythrocytes. Phagocytosis inhibition by anti-CD44 was mediated by blockade of the FcγR IgG binding site without changing surface FcγR expression. Anti-CD44 of different subclasses revealed that FcγR blockade was specific to receptors that could be engaged by the respective anti-CD44 subclass, and Fc-deactivated anti-CD44 variants lost all FcγR-inhibiting activity. In vivo, anti-CD44 functioned analogously in the murine passive ITP model and protected mice from ITP when thrombocytopenia was induced through an FcγR that could be engaged by the CD44 antibody's subclass. Consistent with FcγR blockade, Fc-deactivated variants of anti-CD44 were completely unable to ameliorate ITP. Together, anti-CD44 inhibits macrophage FcγR function and ameliorates ITP consistent with an FcγR blockade mechanism. Anti-CD44 is a potential IVIg alternative and may be of particular benefit in ITP due to the significant role of FcγRs in human ITP pathophysiology.

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