Performance analysis of different slot waveguide structures for evanescent field based gas sensor applications

Abstract Slot waveguide has emerged as a potential candidate for the design of evanescent field absorption based photonic gas sensors, optical quantum information applications, etc. In this paper, three different slot waveguide structures, i.e., conventional slot, partial-strip-loaded slot, and full-strip-loaded slot waveguides have been explored to analyze their sensing performance for the methane gas. As the methane gas has the peak absorption at around 3.31 µm, therefore, this has been considered as the operating wavelength for the analysis. In anticipation of improvement in evanescent field ratio in slot region and hence, the sensing capabilities of the gas sensor, the slot waveguide structures have been designed by depositing the germanium layer over the calcium fluoride in different manners. To realize the significant evanescent field and sensitivity along with relatively low propagation loss, the suitable dimension of the slot waveguide structures has been chosen very judiciously. Several waveguide parameters, such as evanescent field ratio, propagation loss, and sensitivity have been chosen for the analysis and comparison of slot waveguide structures, by varying the arm-width and thickness of germanium layer. Simulation results have demonstrated that the full-strip-loaded slot waveguide has the superior performance in terms of higher evanescent field and higher sensitivity, which is followed by the partial-strip-loaded slot waveguide, even for the fixed target value of propagation loss. Moreover, the current analysis may be extended for the design of suitable photodetector that can further enhance the performance of the gas sensor.

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Mid-IR Evanescent Field Gas Sensor Based on Silicon-on-Nitride Slot Waveguide

12th International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics ◽

10.1364/photonics.2014.m4a.12 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Babita Kumari ◽

Ajanta Barh ◽

R. K. Varshney ◽

B. P. Pal

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensor ◽

Evanescent Field ◽

Slot Waveguide

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SOI Suspended membrane waveguide at 3.39 µm for gas sensing application

Photonics Letters of Poland ◽

10.4302/plp.v12i2.1034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Ali Butt ◽

Nikolai Lvovich Kazansky

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensor ◽

Ring Resonator ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Evanescent Field ◽

Gas Absorption ◽

Slot Waveguide ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Methane Gas ◽

Refractive Index Sensing ◽

Sensing Application

In this letter, we present a numerical study on the designing of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) suspended membrane waveguide (SMW). The waveguide geometry is optimized at 3.39 µm TE-polarized light which is the absorption line of methane gas by utilizing a 3D finite element method (FEM). The transmission loss (TL) and evanescent field ratio (EFR) of the waveguide are calculated for different geometric parameters such as the width of core, the height of core and period of the cladding. We found out that TL is directly related to EFR. Therefore, a waveguide geometry can be designed which can offer high EFR at the cost of high TL or low EFR with low TL, as desired. Based on the geometric parameters used in this paper, we have obtained a TL and EFR which lies in the range of 1.54 dB-3.37 dB and 0.26-0.505, respectively. Full Text: PDF ReferencesL. Vivien et al., "High speed silicon-based optoelectronic devices on 300mm platform", 2014 16th International conference on transparent optical networks (ICTON), Graz, 2014, pp. 1-4, CrossRef Y. Zou, S. Chakravarty, "Mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguides and devices [Invited]", Photonic Research, 6(4), 254-276 (2018). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended SOI waveguide with sub-wavelength grating cladding for mid-infrared", Optics letters, 39(19), 5661-5664 (2014). CrossRef T. Baehr-Jones, A. Spott, R. Ilic, A. Spott, B. Penkov, W. Asher, and M. Hochberg, "Silicon-on-sapphire integrated waveguides for the mid-infrared", Opt. Express, 18(12),12127-12135 (2010). CrossRef J. Mu, R. Soref, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Silicon-on-nitride structures for mid-infrared gap-plasmon waveguiding", Appl. Phys. Lett., 104(3), 031115 (2014). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended silicon waveguides for long-wave infrared wavelengths", Optics letters, 43 (4), 795-798 (2018). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended silicon mid-infrared waveguide devices with subwavelength grating metamaterial cladding", Optics Express, 24, (20), 22908-22916 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Modelling of Rib channel waveguides based on silicon-on-sapphire at 4.67 μm wavelength for evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Optik, 168, 692-697 (2018). CrossRef S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, M.A. Butt, "Evanescent field ratio enhancement of a modified ridge waveguide structure for methane gas sensing application", IEEE Sensors Journal CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.A. Degtyarev, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "An evanescent field absorption gas sensor at mid-IR 3.39 μm wavelength", Journal of Modern Optics, 64(18), 1892-1897 (2017). CrossRef S. Zampolli et al., "Selectivity enhancement of metal oxide gas sensors using a micromachined gas chromatographic column", Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 105 (2), 400-406 (2005). CrossRef N. Dossi, R. Toniolo, A. Pizzariello, E. Carrilho, E. Piccin, S. Battiston, G. Bontempelli, "An electrochemical gas sensor based on paper supported room temperature ionic liquids", Lab Chip, 12 (1), 153-158 (2011). CrossRef V. Avetisov, O. Bjoroey, J. Wang, P. Geiser, K. G. Paulsen, "Hydrogen Sensor Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy", Sensors, 19 (23), 5313 (2019). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Silicon on silicon dioxide slot waveguide evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Journal of Modern Optics, 65(2), 174-178 (2018). CrossRef Nikolay Lvovich Kazanskiy, Svetlana Nikolaevna Khonina, Muhammad Ali Butt, "Subwavelength Grating Double Slot Waveguide Racetrack Ring Resonator for Refractive Index Sensing Application", Sensors, 20, 3416 (2020). CrossRef H. Tai, H. Tanaka, T. Yoshino, "Fiber-optic evanescent-wave methane-gas sensor using optical absorption for the 3.392-μm line of a He–Ne laser", Opt. Lett., 12, 437-439 (1987). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide-assisted Metal–Insulator–Metal ring resonator for refractive index sensing", Journal of Modern Optics, 65(9), 1135-1140 (2018). CrossRef S.A. Degtyarev, M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, R.V. Skidanov, "Modelling of TiO2 based slot waveguides with high optical confinement in sharp bends", 2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, ICE Cube, Quetta, 2016, 10-13 CrossRef

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Synthesis and studying of reduced few-layered graphene coatings in gas sensor applications

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/503/1/012013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 503 ◽

pp. 012013

Author(s):

Ingars Lukosevics ◽

Peteris Lesnicenoks ◽

Janis Kleperis

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensor ◽

Sensor Applications

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Pulsed laser deposition of metal oxide nanostructures for highly sensitive gas sensor applications

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical ◽

10.1016/j.snb.2016.04.060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 236 ◽

pp. 978-987 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Joni Huotari ◽

Ville Kekkonen ◽

Tomi Haapalainen ◽

Martin Leidinger ◽

Tilman Sauerwald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxide ◽

Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽

Gas Sensor ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Laser Deposition ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Oxide Nanostructures ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Metal Oxide Nanostructures

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Vanadia doped tungsten–titania SCR catalysts as functional materials for exhaust gas sensor applications

Sensors and Actuators B Chemical ◽

10.1016/j.snb.2010.11.046 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 155 (1) ◽

pp. 199-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Daniela Schönauer ◽

Ina Sichert ◽

Ralf Moos

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensor ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Scr Catalysts ◽

Exhaust Gas Sensor

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Star-Fruit-Shaped CuO Structures for High Performance Ethanol Gas Sensor Device

Science of Advanced Materials ◽

10.1166/sam.2021.3968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 724-733

Author(s):

Ahmad Umar ◽

Ahmed A. Ibrahim ◽

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Hassan Algadi ◽

Hasan Albargi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensor ◽

High Performance ◽

Crystal Size ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Sensor Device ◽

Star Fruit ◽

Micro Structures ◽

Gas Response ◽

Structural Crystal

In this paper, star-fruit-shaped CuO microstructures were hydrothermally synthesized and subsequently characterized through different techniques to understand morphological, compositional, structural, crystal, optical and vibrational properties. The formation of star-fruit-shaped structures along with some polygonal and spherical nanostructures was confirmed by FESEM analysis. XRD data and Raman spectrum confirmed the monoclinic tenorite crystalline phase of the CuO with crystal size 17.61 nm. Star-fruit-shaped CuO microstructures were examined for ethanol gas sensing behavior at various operating temperatures and concentrations. The gas response of 135% was observed at the optimal temperature of 225 °C. Due to excellent selectivity, stability and re-usability, the as-fabricated sensor based on star-fruit-shaped CuO micro-structures may be explored for future toxic gas sensor applications.

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