scholarly journals SOI Suspended membrane waveguide at 3.39 µm for gas sensing application

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Butt ◽  
Nikolai Lvovich Kazansky
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Evanescent Field ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Slot Waveguide ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Refractive Index Sensing ◽  
Sensing Application

In this letter, we present a numerical study on the designing of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) suspended membrane waveguide (SMW). The waveguide geometry is optimized at 3.39 µm TE-polarized light which is the absorption line of methane gas by utilizing a 3D finite element method (FEM). The transmission loss (TL) and evanescent field ratio (EFR) of the waveguide are calculated for different geometric parameters such as the width of core, the height of core and period of the cladding. We found out that TL is directly related to EFR. Therefore, a waveguide geometry can be designed which can offer high EFR at the cost of high TL or low EFR with low TL, as desired. Based on the geometric parameters used in this paper, we have obtained a TL and EFR which lies in the range of 1.54 dB-3.37 dB and 0.26-0.505, respectively. Full Text: PDF ReferencesL. Vivien et al., "High speed silicon-based optoelectronic devices on 300mm platform", 2014 16th International conference on transparent optical networks (ICTON), Graz, 2014, pp. 1-4, CrossRef Y. Zou, S. Chakravarty, "Mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguides and devices [Invited]", Photonic Research, 6(4), 254-276 (2018). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended SOI waveguide with sub-wavelength grating cladding for mid-infrared", Optics letters, 39(19), 5661-5664 (2014). CrossRef T. Baehr-Jones, A. Spott, R. Ilic, A. Spott, B. Penkov, W. Asher, and M. Hochberg, "Silicon-on-sapphire integrated waveguides for the mid-infrared", Opt. Express, 18(12),12127-12135 (2010). CrossRef J. Mu, R. Soref, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Silicon-on-nitride structures for mid-infrared gap-plasmon waveguiding", Appl. Phys. Lett., 104(3), 031115 (2014). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended silicon waveguides for long-wave infrared wavelengths", Optics letters, 43 (4), 795-798 (2018). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended silicon mid-infrared waveguide devices with subwavelength grating metamaterial cladding", Optics Express, 24, (20), 22908-22916 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Modelling of Rib channel waveguides based on silicon-on-sapphire at 4.67 μm wavelength for evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Optik, 168, 692-697 (2018). CrossRef S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, M.A. Butt, "Evanescent field ratio enhancement of a modified ridge waveguide structure for methane gas sensing application", IEEE Sensors Journal CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.A. Degtyarev, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "An evanescent field absorption gas sensor at mid-IR 3.39 μm wavelength", Journal of Modern Optics, 64(18), 1892-1897 (2017). CrossRef S. Zampolli et al., "Selectivity enhancement of metal oxide gas sensors using a micromachined gas chromatographic column", Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 105 (2), 400-406 (2005). CrossRef N. Dossi, R. Toniolo, A. Pizzariello, E. Carrilho, E. Piccin, S. Battiston, G. Bontempelli, "An electrochemical gas sensor based on paper supported room temperature ionic liquids", Lab Chip, 12 (1), 153-158 (2011). CrossRef V. Avetisov, O. Bjoroey, J. Wang, P. Geiser, K. G. Paulsen, "Hydrogen Sensor Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy", Sensors, 19 (23), 5313 (2019). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Silicon on silicon dioxide slot waveguide evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Journal of Modern Optics, 65(2), 174-178 (2018). CrossRef Nikolay Lvovich Kazanskiy, Svetlana Nikolaevna Khonina, Muhammad Ali Butt, "Subwavelength Grating Double Slot Waveguide Racetrack Ring Resonator for Refractive Index Sensing Application", Sensors, 20, 3416 (2020). CrossRef H. Tai, H. Tanaka, T. Yoshino, "Fiber-optic evanescent-wave methane-gas sensor using optical absorption for the 3.392-μm line of a He–Ne laser", Opt. Lett., 12, 437-439 (1987). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide-assisted Metal–Insulator–Metal ring resonator for refractive index sensing", Journal of Modern Optics, 65(9), 1135-1140 (2018). CrossRef S.A. Degtyarev, M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, R.V. Skidanov, "Modelling of TiO2 based slot waveguides with high optical confinement in sharp bends", 2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, ICE Cube, Quetta, 2016, 10-13 CrossRef

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Different Slot Waveguide Structures for Evanescent Field Based Gas Sensor Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VEER CHANDRA ◽  
Rakesh Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Evanescent Field ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Slot Waveguide ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Germanium Layer

Abstract Slot waveguide has emerged as a potential candidate for the design of evanescent field absorption based photonic gas sensors, optical quantum information applications, etc. In this paper, three different slot waveguide structures, i.e., conventional slot, partial-strip-loaded slot, and full-strip-loaded­­­ slot waveguides have been explored to analyze their sensing performance for the methane gas. As the methane gas has the peak absorption at around 3.31 µm, therefore, this has been considered as the operating wavelength for the analysis. In anticipation of improvement in evanescent field ratio in slot region and hence, the sensing capabilities of the gas sensor, the slot waveguide structures have been designed by depositing the germanium layer over the calcium fluoride in different manners. To realize the significant evanescent field and sensitivity along with relatively low propagation loss, the suitable dimension of the slot waveguide structures has been chosen very judiciously. Several waveguide parameters, such as evanescent field ratio, propagation loss, and sensitivity have been chosen for the analysis and comparison of slot waveguide structures, by varying the arm-width and thickness of germanium layer. Simulation results have demonstrated that the full-strip-loaded slot waveguide has the superior performance in terms of higher evanescent field and higher sensitivity, which is followed by the partial-strip-loaded slot waveguide, even for the fixed target value of propagation loss. Moreover, the current analysis may be extended for the design of suitable photodetector that can further enhance the performance of the gas sensor.

Evanescent Field Ratio Enhancement of a Modified Ridge Waveguide Structure for Methane Gas Sensing Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 8469-8476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Khonina ◽  
Nikolay Lvovich Kazanskiy ◽  
Muhammad Ali Butt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Ridge Waveguide ◽  
Evanescent Field ◽  
Waveguide Structure ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Sensing Application ◽  
Ridge Waveguide Structure

scholarly journals Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber-Based Dual Gas Sensor for Detection of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Regions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaworski ◽  
Paweł Kozioł ◽  
Karol Krzempek ◽  
Dakun Wu ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In this work, we present for the first time a laser-based dual gas sensor utilizing a silica-based Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber (ARHCF) operating in the Near- and Mid-Infrared spectral region. A 1-m-long fiber with an 84-µm diameter air-core was implemented as a low-volume absorption cell in a sensor configuration utilizing the simple and well-known Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) method. The fiber was filled with a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and a simultaneous detection of both gases was demonstrated targeting their transitions at 3.334 µm and 1.574 µm, respectively. Due to excellent guidance properties of the fiber and low background noise, the proposed sensor reached a detection limit down to 24 parts-per-billion by volume for CH4 and 144 parts-per-million by volume for CO2. The obtained results confirm the suitability of ARHCF for efficient use in gas sensing applications for over a broad spectral range. Thanks to the demonstrated low loss, such fibers with lengths of over one meter can be used for increasing the laser-gas molecules interaction path, substituting bulk optics-based multipass cells, while delivering required flexibility, compactness, reliability and enhancement in the sensor’s sensitivity.

A trace methane gas sensor using mid-infrared quantum cascaded laser at 7.5 μm

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Robert W. Newcomb ◽  
Yiding Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Methane Gas

Nanomaterial gas sensors for biosensing applications: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurmendra
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensing Application ◽  
Detection Of Biomolecules ◽  
2D And 3D

Background: Nanomaterial is one of the most used materials for various gas sensing application to detect toxic gases, human breath, and other specific gas sensing. One of the most important applications of nanomaterial based gas sensors is as biosensing applications. In this review article, the gas sensors for biosensing are discussed by classifying gas sensors on the basis of crystalline structure and different categories of nanomaterial. Methods: In this paper, firstly rigorous efforts has been made to find out research questions by going through structured and systematic survey of available peer reviewed high quality articles in this field. The papers related to nanomaterial based biosensors are then reviewed qualitatively to provide substantive findings from the recent developments in this field. Results: In this review article, firstly classifications of nanomaterial gas sensors have been presented on the basis of crystalline structure of nanomaterial and different types of nanomaterial available for biosensing applications. Further, the gas sensors based on nanomaterial for biosensing applications are collected and reviewed in terms of their performance parameters such as sensing material used, target gas component, detection ranges (ppm-ppb), response time, operating temperature and method of detection etc. The different nanomaterials possess slightly different sensing and morphological properties due to their structure, therefore, it can be said that a nanomaterial must be selected carefully for particular application. The 1D nanomaterials show best selectivity and sensitivity for gases available in low concentration ranges due to their miniaturised structure as compared to 2D and 3D nanomaterials. However, these 2D and 3D nanomaterials also so good sensing properties compared to bulk semiconductor materials. The polymer and nanocomposites have opened door for future research and have great potential for new generation gas sensor for detecting biomolecules. Conclusion: These nanomaterials extend great properties towards sensing application of different gases for lower concentration of particular gas particles. Nano polymer and nano composites have great potential to be used gas sensor for detection of biomolecules.

2D/2D/2D Ti3C2Tx@TiO2@MoS2 Heterostructure as Ultrafast and High-sensitivity NO2 Gas Sensor at Room-temperature

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Liu ◽  
He Lv ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
Jiahui Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
No2 Gas Sensor ◽  
2D Structure ◽  
Sensing Application

The very diverse two-dimensional (2D) materials have bloomed in NO2 gas sensing application that provide new opportunities and challenges in function oriented gas sensors. In this work, a 2D/2D/2D structure...

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