Development and Optimization of Single Filament Plasma Jets for Wastewater Decontamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1485-1505
Author(s):  
S. A. Yehia ◽  
M. E. Zarif ◽  
B. I. Bita ◽  
M. Teodorescu ◽  
L. G. Carpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Jets ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Filament Plasma

scholarly journals Silicon Carbide Wafer Machining by Using a Single Filament Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Seungryul Yoo ◽  
Dong Chan Seok ◽  
Kang Il Lee ◽  
Yong Ho Jung ◽  
Yong Sup Choi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Etch Rate ◽  
Surface Roughening ◽  
Etch Depth ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Raster Scan ◽  
Etched Surface ◽  
Sic Wafer ◽  
Filament Plasma

SiC wafers were etched using a filament plasma of He:NF3:O2 (helium:nitrogen trifluoride:oxygen) mixed gas at atmospheric pressure. When 0.5–2 sccm of NF3 was mixed to 2 slm of He filament plasma, the etch depth and etch rate increased, but there was little change in the etch width as the NF3 mixing amount increased. The increment of the NF3 mixing also suppressed the surface roughening of plasma etching. The addition of O2 to the He-NF3 filament plasma slightly increased the SiC wafer etch rate. When the NF3 mixing amount was 2 sccm, the roughness of the etched surface increased sharply by O2 addition. On the contrary, the NF3 mixing amount was 1 sccm; the addition of O2 reduced the roughness more than that of the pristine. The roughness of the pristine SiC wafer specimens is in the range of Ra 0.7–0.8 nm. After 30 min of etching on a 6 mm by 6 mm square area, the roughness of the etched surface reduced to Ra 0.587 nm, while the etch rate was 2.74 μm/h with a He:NF3:O2 of 2:1:3 (slm:sccm:sccm) filament plasma and 3 mm/s speed of raster scan etch of the optimized roughening suppression etching recipe.

Anchorfibers and the Topography of Junctional SR

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
James Junker ◽  
Joachim R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Relaxation Cycle ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Junctional Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) in all its forms (extended JSR, JSR of couplings, corbular SR) in both skeletal and cardiac muscle is always located at the Z - I regions of the sarcomeres. The Z tubule is a tubule of the free SR (non-specialized SR) which is consistently located at the Z lines in cardiac muscle (1). Short connections between JSR and Z lines have been described (2), and bundles of filaments at Z lines have been seen in skeletal (3) and cardiac (4) muscle. In opossum cardiac muscle, we have seen bundles of 10 nm filaments stretching across interfibrillary spaces and adjacent myofibrils with extensions to the plasma- lemma in longitudinal (Fig. 1) and transverse (Fig. 2) sections. Only an occasional single filament is seen elsewhere along a sarcomere. We propose that these filaments represent anchor fibers that maintain the observed invariant topography of the free SR and JSR throughout the contraction-relaxation cycle.

The 3-Dimensional Molecular Structure of the Actin Filament Revisited

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
R. Millonig ◽  
H. Salvo
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filament ◽  
Supramolecular Assembly ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Filament Diameter ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Apparent Diameter

To date, most 3-D reconstructions of undecorated actin filaments have been obtained from actin filament paracrystal data (for refs, see 1,2). However, due to the fact that (a) the paracrystals may be several filament layers thick, and (b) adjacent filaments may sustantially interdigitate, these reconstructions may be subject to significant artifacts. None of these reconstructions has permitted unambiguous tracing or orientation of the actin subunits within the filament. Furthermore, measured values for the maximal filament diameter both determined by EM and by X-ray diffraction analysis, vary between 6 and 10 nm. Obviously, the apparent diameter of the actin filament revealed in the EM will critically depend on specimen preparation, since it is a rather flexible supramolecular assembly which can easily be bent or distorted. To resolve some of these ambiguities, we have explored specimen preparation conditions which may preserve single filaments sufficiently straight and helically ordered to be suitable for single filament 3-D reconstructions, possibly revealing molecular detail.

On Plasma Jets Applicability for Flow Control

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bychkov ◽  
Nikolai Ardelyan ◽  
Andrey Aleksandrov ◽  
Vladimir Chernikov ◽  
Konstantin Kosmachevskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Plasma Jets

Long-term changes in fish pond management as ‘an unplanned ecosystem experiment’: importance of zooplankton structure, nutrients and light for species composition of cyanobacterial blooms

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pechar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Water Blooms

The study presents data on the species composition of cyanobacterial water blooms in Czech fish ponds from the 1950s to the 1990s. Since the 1950s, a shift from large-colonial Aphanizomenon flos-aquae var. flos-aquae through Microcystis aeruginosa and small-colonial species of Anabaena to single-filament species (Planktohrix agardhii, Limnothrix redekei, Aphanizomenon gracile) or single-cell forms (Microcystis ichtyoblabe), has been observed. The changes in the species composition of the water blooms are closely related to changes in fishery management (increase in fish stock, increase in application of organic fertilizers). At present the high predation of fish upon zooplankton results in elimination of large colonial blooms of A. flos-aquae associated with large filtering zooplankton (Daphnia). Low grazing pressure of zooplankton, low light conditions and low N:P ratios are suitable conditions for mass development of the small species of cyanobacteria. High pH is not necessary to achieve cyanobacteria dominance.

Silicon surface modifications produced by non-equilibrium He, Ne and Kr plasma jets

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 015206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Engelhardt ◽  
Konstantin Kartaschew ◽  
Nikita Bibinov ◽  
Martina Havenith ◽  
Peter Awakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Plasma Jets ◽  
Non Equilibrium
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