Wild and Rare Self-Incompatibility Allele S17 Found in 24 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars

AbstractThe pollination of self-incompatible diploid sweet cherry is determined by the S-locus alleles. We resolved the S-alleles of 50 sweet cherry cultivars grown in Estonia and determined their incompatibility groups, which were previously unknown for most of the tested cultivars. We used consensus primers SI-19/20, SI-31/32, PaConsI, and PaConsII followed by allele-specific primers and sequencing to identify sweet cherry S-genotypes. Surprisingly, 48% (24/50) of the tested cultivars, including 17 Estonian cultivars, carry the rare S-allele S17, which had initially been described in wild sweet cherries in Belgium and Germany. The S17-allele in Estonian cultivars could originate from ‘Leningradskaya tchernaya’ (S6|S17), which has been extensively used in Estonian sweet cherry breeding. Four studied cultivars carrying S17 are partly self-compatible, whereas the other 20 cultivars with S17 have not been reported to be self-compatible. The recommended pollinator of seven self-incompatible sweet cherries is of the same S-genotype, including four with S17-allele, suggesting heritable reduced effectiveness of self-infertility. We classified the newly genotyped sweet cherry cultivars into 15 known incompatibility groups, and we proposed four new incompatibility groups, 64–67, for S-locus genotypes S3|S17, S4|S17, S5|S17, and S6|S17, respectively, which makes them excellent pollinators all across Europe. Alternatively, the frequency of S17 might be underestimated in Eastern European populations and some currently unidentified sweet cherry S-alleles might potentially be S17.

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Molecular S-genotyping of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/245/2017-hortsci ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 146-152

Author(s):

Josef Patzak ◽

Alena Henychová ◽

František Paprštein ◽

Jiří Sedlák

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

S Locus ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Allele Specific ◽

S Allele ◽

Specific Pcr Primer

Sweet cherries are self-incompatible, which is determined by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system (GSI). The self-incompatibility is controlled by a multi-allelic S-locus. Knowledge about the S-allele constitution of the cultivars is essential for fruit growers and breeders. Recently, molecular PCR-based methods have been developed to distinguish all S-alleles in sweet cherries. In our work, we analysed S-locus genotypes by 13 universal and allele-specific PCR primer combinations within 117 registered, old and local sweet cherry cultivars from the Czech genetic resources of the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy, the Czech Republic. We confirmed the previous S-genotyping for 66 accessions except for Drogans Gelbe, Hedelfinger, Erika, Meckenheimer Frühe, Badeborner, Bing, Alfa, Gamma, Huldra, Rivan, Valerij Tschkalov, Viola and Winkler’s Frühe. It could be due to either mislabelling or mistakes in the previous analyses. Newly, S-genotyping was determined for 51 accessions in which we found 4 new S-loci combinations. We detected the S-locus combinations in 19 incompatibility groups. The most frequent incompatibility groups were III (S3S4), II (S1S3), IV (S2S3), and VI (S3S6) with 22, 20, 12 and 12 genotypes, respectively.

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Self-incompatibility allele identification in Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv ◽

10.7124/visnyk.utgis.15.2.873 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 150-158

Author(s):

Ya. I. Ivanovych ◽

N. V. Tryapitsyna ◽

K. M. Udovychenko ◽

R. A. Volkov

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Electrophoretic Analysis ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Incompatibility Group ◽

S Alleles ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Incompatibility Alleles ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Consensus Primers

Aim. Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars, which still remain almost unexplored at the molecular level. The aim of our study was to identify the self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles) in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces, and to elucidate, to which cross-incompatibility group the cultivars belong. Methods. The PCR was conducted using consensus primers to the first and second introns of S-RNAse gene and to the single intron of SFB gene. The electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products of the second intron of S-RNAse was carried out in agarose gel, whereas detection of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments of the first S-RNAse intron and the SFB intron was performed using a genetic analyzer. Results. The S-alleles of 25 Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and 10 landraces were identified. The S-alleles frequencies and affiliation of cultivars and landraces to the groups of cross-incompatibility were determined. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs and by planning of industrial plantings. Conclusions. In the study, 12 different S-alleles and 79 S-haplotypes were identified. The S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S9 alleles are the most widespread among Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces. The high frequencies of S5 and especially of S9 alleles are characteristic for the Ukrainian cultivars and distinguish them from other European ones. For the Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, the XXXVII (S5S9) cross-incompatibility group appeared to be the most numerous.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, S-locus, Sgenotypes, self- and cross-incompatibility, Prunus avium.

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Variable fruit set in self-fertile sweet cherry

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p00-161 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 753-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Cheol Choi, and Robert L. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Spring Frost ◽

Self Pollination ◽

Frost Injury ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

S Allele ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Fruit set on seven self-fertile (SF) sweet cherry genotypes from the Cornell Sweet Cherry Breeding Program was investigated. The S-alleles of all tested genotypes, based on controlled pollination and PCR-based S-allele typing analysis were determined to be: S1S4’ for Lapins, and S3S4’ for Stella, Starkrimson, NY 13688, NY 13696, NY 13788 and NY 13791. Higher fruit set of open-pollinated self-fertile genotypes indicated that the additional pollen donor was probably advantageous for fruit set in self-fertiles in the preliminary field study. However, no statistically significant differences were found between fully and self- (half compatible) pollination in caged trees in subsequent years’ studies. This inconsistency may have been due to shading by cages (for self-pollination only) or to differences in bee activity in caged trees as compared with open-pollinations made during preliminary studies. Additionally, the variation in fruit setting potential was dependent on genotype. Spring frost injury reduced fruit setting potential in self-fertile sweet cherries but pollen quality was not associated with variable fruit set. The results suggest that self-pollination would produce optimal fruit set in self-fertile sweet cherry cultivars regardless of partial pollen incompatibility. However, a more detailed study including fruit setting factors other than spring frost injury, and varying setting capacity depending on genotypes, would be required for a more complete determination of the commercial utility of growing self-fertile sweet cherries in solid blocks. Key words: Prunus avium L, sweet cherry, pollination, fruit set

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Determination of (in)compatibility genotypes of Hungarian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) accessions by PCR based methods

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/9/3-4/403 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (3-4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zs. Békefi ◽

K. R. Tobutt ◽

T. Sonneveld

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Traditional Test ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

S Alleles ◽

S Allele ◽

Prunus Avium L

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are generally self-incompatible and pollinator cultivars are needed in orchards for reliable yield. In Hungary, choosing the appropriate cross-compatible cultivar pairs has so far been based on traditional test-crosses in the field. In recent years PCR-based methods that allow the identification of the S-alleles responsible for compatibility have been elaborated. We have determined the S-allele constitution of 24 cultivars and four selections important to Hungarian growers and breeders using PCR-based methods developed at Horticulture Research International, East Malling. The 28 accessions had various pairs of 9 alleles including one new allele, Sr. They could be assigned to 12 of the existing incompatibility groups or to a new group (S4S12) for which the designation 'Group XXVII' is proposed. The cultivars `Krupnoplodnaja' and 'Rita' had novel genotypes, S5S9 and S5Sx, respectively and can be placed into group 0 that holds universal pollen donors. The genotype of the cultivar ‘Hedelfingeni óriás' grown in Hungary was found to be S3S4 and therefore different from the cultivar `Hedelfingen' that is widespread in Western Europe.

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Allele-specific PCR detection of sweet cherry self-incompatibility alleles S3, S4 and S9 using consensus and allele-specific primers in the Czech Republic

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/89/2014-hortsci ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. Sharma ◽

P. Sedlák ◽

D. Zeka ◽

P. Vejl ◽

J. Soukup

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Allele Specific ◽

Considerable Length ◽

S Allele ◽

Consensus Primers

Prunus avium species of the Rosaceae family exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility. Determination of the self-incompatibility genotype of individuals is essential for genetic studies and the development of informed management strategies. The PCR-based detection of S-allele helps to promote and speed up traditional breeding activity and hence molecular analysis of the perspective genotypes has become more intensive in all cherry growing countries. The alleles S3, S4 and S9 from 34 accessions of Czech collections were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Initially, DNA extracts were amplified with consensus primers that amplify across the first, second, or both introns of the S-ribonuclease gene which shows a considerable length polymorphism. The new allele specific primers were designed with the goal to overcome some occurring difficulties in the detection of expected alleles by previously published allele specific primers. S-alleles fragments of standard cultivars used in this study were PCR amplified, sequenced to validate the designed primers. The study demonstrates the advantage of newly designed primers application in testing of sweet cherry genotypes.

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The Profile and Content of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Local and Commercial Sweet Cherry Fruits (Prunus avium L.) and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8110534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 534 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽

Alicja Ponder ◽

Ewelina Hallmann ◽

Agnieszka Głowacka ◽

Elżbieta Rozpara

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Prunus Avium L

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the content of a number of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits of selected local and commercial sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars. The experiment showed that the selected cultivars of sweet cherries differ significantly in the content of polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids. The fruits of commercial sweet cherry cultivars were, on average, richer in polyphenols (the sum of phenolic compounds determined chromatographically), flavonoids, as well as anthocyanins and were characterized by higher antioxidant activity when compared to the local, traditional cultivars. In the group of the traditional sweet cherry cultivars, particular attention could be paid to Black Late cv., showing the highest antioxidant activity of fruits. In the group of commercial sweet cherry cultivars, Cordia and Sylvia fruits could be recognized as being rich in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. Yellow skin cultivars were characterized by the highest concentrations of carotenoids. Strong positive correlations between the identified bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits were also found. Although different cultivars of sweet cherries show a high variability in phenolics and carotenoids profiles as well as in the antioxidant activity of fruits, they all should be, similarly to other types of cherries, recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds with an antioxidant potential.

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Resistance of sweet cherry cultivars to fruit surface pitting

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-244 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1197-1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frank Kappel ◽

Peter Toivonen ◽

Sabina Stan ◽

Darrell-Lee McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Fruit Surface ◽

Prunus Avium L

A recently developed technique was used to determine the susceptibility to fruit surface pitting of new sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars and compare them to an industry standard. The cultivars tested included Bing (industry standard), Cristalina, Lapins, Sandra Rose, Santina, Skeena, Sonata, Staccato, and Sweetheart. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity, injured, held at 1°C for 2 wk and then rated for fruit surface pitting. The cultivars Lapins, Skeena, Staccato, and Sweetheart had less pitting than Bing. Cristalina and Sonata tended to have similar levels of injury to Bing and Sandra Rose and Santina tended to have more severe pitting than Bing. Key words: Sweet cherries, cultivars, simulated pitting injury

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COLDHARDINESS OF SWEET CHERRIES AS DETERMINED BY ARTIFICIAL FREEZING TESTS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps65-085 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 429-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Lapins

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Primary Leaf ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Cold Damage ◽

Artificial Freezing ◽

One Year ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

The U.S

One-year-old shoots of 100 selected cherries representing the species Prunus avium (94 selections), P. fontanesiana, P. gondouini, and P. mahaleb were frozen at −35 °C, then forced in a growth chamber for 3 weeks, and visually examined for cold damage and recovery.The response of the better-known cultivars and species corresponded to their known hardiness. The hardiest seven cultivars or species included all six representatives of the species other than P. avium and one sweet cherry, the U.S. Department of Agriculture introduction Glenn Dale No. 6. The recorded differences in hardiness between sweet cherry cultivars were larger than expected. Certain numbered seedling selections were relatively hardy and may constitute a valuable source of breeding material.Bark, cambium, wood, supplemental buds, and primary leaf buds were examined for cold damage and recovery. Damage to primary leaf buds proved the most useful criterion for determining hardiness of cherry cultivars.

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Fruit Quality Characterization of New Sweet Cherry Cultivars as a Good Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9080677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

Fabiana Antognoni ◽

Giulia Potente ◽

Roberto Mandrioli ◽

Cristina Angeloni ◽

Michela Freschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

High Performance ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Array Detection ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

New Cultivars

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are highly appreciated fruits for their taste, color, nutritional value, and beneficial health effects. In this work, seven new cultivars of sweet cherry were investigated for their main quality traits and nutraceutical value. The phytochemical profile of three classes of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the new cultivars were investigated through high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and spectrophotometric assays, respectively, and compared with those of commonly commercialized cultivars. Cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside was the main anthocyanin in all genotypes, and its levels in some new cultivars were about three-fold higher than in commercial ones. The ORAC-assayed antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the total anthocyanin index. The nutraceutical value of the new cultivars was investigated in terms of antioxidant/neuroprotective capacity in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Results demonstrated that the new cultivars were more effective in counteracting oxidative stress and were also able to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a pro-survival neurotrophin, suggesting their potential pleiotropic role in counteracting neurodegenerations.

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Field evaluations of 14 sweet cherry cultivars as pollinators for cv. Regina (Prunus avium, L.)

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/13/3/750 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

S. Thurzó ◽

M. Grandi ◽

L. Lagezza ◽

S. Lugli ◽

I. J. Holb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Allele Group ◽

Sufficient Degree ◽

S Allele ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Prunus Avium L

In this study, the pollen of 14 sweet cherry cultivars (‘Anella’, ‘Duroni 3', 'Badacsony', 'Cristalina', 'Ferbolus', 'Ferrovia', 'Georgia', 'Hudson', 'Kordia', 'Sam', 'Schneiders’, ‘Spate’, ‘Knorpelkirsche', 'Skeena', 'Summit', 'Sylvia') was used to fertilize the emasculated flowers of sweet cherry cv. 'Regina'. Fruit set was assessed three times during fruit development: 14 May, 30 May and 27 May 2007. We observed full incompatibility among the 14 cultivars for cv. 'Cristalina', which is in the same S-allele group as cv. 'Regina'. After analysis of our data, we have results about fertilization efficiency of the cultivars. Most of the evaluated cultivars are inadequate to fertilize cv. 'Regina' to a sufficient degree. There were two exceptions, cv. 'Sam' and cv. 'Skeena', where percentage of ripened fruits was above 20%. These two cultivars can guarantee such a pollination, which ensures ample quantity of ripened fruits. Results of this study have proved three other cultivars to be quite good pollinators for cv. 'Regina'. In conclusion, ideal pollinators for cv. 'Regina' could be — apart from above-mentioned two cultivars, 'Sam' and 'Skeena' — cvs. 'Sylvia' and 'Bianca', which was suggested by more literature sources.

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