The emergence of the motherhood premium: recent trends in the motherhood wage gap across the wage distribution

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunhye Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Recent Trends

scholarly journals Foreign- and domestic firm ownership and its impact on wages. Evidence from Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 095968012199667
Author(s):  
Paulina Broniatowska ◽  
Paweł Strawiński
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Domestic Firm ◽  
Firm Ownership

This study concentrates on the effect of foreign ownership of companies on worker wage distribution. Using an innovative methodological approach that combines the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and the modified DiNardo et al. reweighting approach, we estimate the wage gap between domestic-owned and foreign-owned firms. The study confirms that firm ownership (domestic or foreign) influences the wage distribution of workers, as a worker employed in a foreign-owned firm earns, on average, 5 percent more than a matched worker in a domestic-owned firm with similar characteristics. We link that gap with an origin of foreign capital. This analysis demonstrates that the origin of capital has an impact on wage distribution in the firm and may affect wages in the whole section.

Eastern European immigrants in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Eastern European Immigrants

PurposeThe paper aims at examining wage developments among Eastern European immigrants vs UK natives before and after the 2004 enlargement by measuring the extent to which inter-group wage differentials are explainable by these groups' changing attributes or by differences in returns to these characteristics. The enlargement has been a defining moment in British recent history and may have contributed to the unfolding of the events that have culminated in Brexit.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a quantitative analysis of the immigrant–native wage gap across the entire distribution by applying the methodology known as the unconditional quantile regression. The analysis is performed before and after the 2004 European Union enlargement to Eastern countries. The data used is the British Labour Force Survey (UK LFS) from 1998 to 2008.FindingsAt all distribution points, a major role is played by occupational downgrading, which increases over time. The results further suggest that the decreased wage levels at the top of the distribution stem mainly from low transferability of skills acquired in the source country.Research limitations/implicationsThe UK LFS does not allow to follow individuals for a long period of time. For this reason, the main limitation of the study is the impossibility to measure for individual-level trajectories in their labour market integration and to account for return migration.Originality/valueThe analysis provides a detailed picture of the wage differences between Eastern European immigrants and natives along the whole wage distribution. The paper also identifies possible causes of the wage gap decrease for EU8 immigrant workers after 2008.

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization and the Lead Role of Human Capital and Job Attributes in Wage Determination: The Case of Pakistan’s Labor Market

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Job Attributes ◽  
The Difference

This study analyzes the role of human capital and job attributes, i.e., supply-side determinants, in determining wages in a period of trade liberalization. Using the Mincerian earning function and based on data from the Labor Force Surveys, we construct a model to estimate various wage determinants and compute the rates of return to different educational qualifications and relative occupational wage shares for the years 2005/06 and 1990/91. The estimated earning functions for 1990/91 and 2005/06 are compared to investigate whether individual characteristics—such as gender, job location, nature of job, educational qualifications, and different occupations—cause the wage gap to widen or contract under conditions of trade liberalization. The mean and quantile regression approach is used for estimation purposes. Our key findings postulate (i) an increasing gender pay gap, (ii) a higher wage premium to the highest educational qualification, and (iii) more or less stable relative wages for different occupations over time. In addition, wage dispersion across occupational groups appears more pronounced in 1990/91 than in 2005/06, implying a declining trend in the difference in wage distribution across occupations.

Glass Ceilings in Portugal?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women's Role

Despite the evidence of female progress with regard to women’s role in the labor market, gender inequality remains. Women are still less likely to be employed than men, occupational gender segregation continues, and females continue to earn less than males. The gender wage gap remains wide in several occupational sectors, among which is the information technology (IT) sector. This paper focuses the determinants of gender wage inequality. More precisely, it investigates for statistical evidence of a glass ceiling effect on women’s wages. Based on the quantile regression framework, the empirical analysis extends the decomposition of the average gender wage gap to other parts of the earnings distribution. The main objective is to empirically test whether gender-based wage discrimination is greater among high paid employees, in line with glass ceiling hypothesis. Larger unexplained gaps at the top of the wage distribution indicate the existence of a glass ceiling effect in Portugal.

scholarly journals Male–Female Wage Gap and Informal Employment in Bangladesh: A Quantile Regression Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Wage Penalty ◽  
Conditional Quantile ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
Quantile Estimates

This article undertakes an examination of Bangladesh’s latest available Quarterly Labour Force Survey 2015–2016 data to draw in-depth insights on gender wage gap and wage discrimination in Bangladesh labour market. The mean wage decomposition shows that on average a woman in Bangladesh earns 12.2 per cent lower wage than a man, and about half of the wage gap can be explained by labour market discrimination against women. Quantile counterfactual decomposition shows that women are subject to higher wage penalty at the lower deciles of the wage distribution with the wage gap varying between 8.3 per cent and 19.4 per cent at different deciles. We have found that at lower deciles, a significant part of the gender wage gap is on account of the relatively larger presence of informal employment. Conditional quantile estimates further reveal that formally employed female workers earn higher wage than their male counterparts at the first decile but suffer from wage penalty at the top deciles. JEL: C21, J31, J46, J70

scholarly journals Employment protection and gender wage gap in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Perugini
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Permanent Workers ◽  
Wage Disparities

In this paper we investigate gender wage disparities in 25 EU countries before and after the crisis, focusing on the role employment protection legislation played in shaping the gap across the wage distribution. Results of quantile regressions reveal a remarkable cross-country diversity in the size of the gap and confirm the widespread existence of glass-ceiling effects. Stricter rules for temporary contracts mitigate the gender gap, especially at the top of the distribution; stronger protection for permanent workers is found to increase the gap at the bottom of the distribution and to decrease it at the middle and at the top.

Public–Private Wage Disparities, Employment, and Labor Market Segmentation in Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Bouassida ◽  
Abdel-Rahmen El Lahga
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Wage Disparities

The dysfunction of the Tunisian labor market is exacerbated particularly by the segmentation between public and private sector employment. These different segments differ in terms of returns to human capital, social protection and mobility, affecting career development and the wage structure in the economy. In this chapter, we present the patterns of wage distribution in Tunisia across important socioeconomic groups and a detailed analysis of the wage gap between public and private sectors. Our results show particularly that while in the bottom sector of the wage distribution the positive wage gap between public and private sectors is mainly attributable to the composition or characteristics of workers, the wage gap in the upper sector of the distribution is due to returns to characteristics effect. The public-sector wage premium explains the strong preference in public positions.

An Insight into Wage Dynamics and Inequality Scenario under Changing Landscape of Rural India

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Wage Dynamics ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Rural Wages ◽  
Insight Into

This article examined the level and recent trends in rural wages, the extent of the wage gap and inequality across the states in agriculture. Recent trends showed a continuous and persistent rise in real wages for agricultural and non-farm activities in rural areas. Inequality in wage rate was lower among diverse agricultural operations within and across the year(s). Regression analysis indicated that the wage rate was agriculture was positively influenced by productivity, period and labour availability. Effective implementation of minimum wage law and equal pay for work of equal value would reduce the wage gap and inequality.

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