Basic research in biochemistry and molecular biology in China: A bibliometric analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianwei He ◽  
Jinglin Zhang ◽  
Lirong Teng
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-418
Author(s):  
Shabiha Akter ◽  
Md Hamid Uddin ◽  
Ahmad Hakimi Tajuddin

PurposePerformance assessment of microfinance institutions (MFIs) has long been a question of considerable research interest. The dual goals – financial performance and social performance of MFIs widely studied yet remain unsolved in the existing literature. To assess the knowledge structure of research in this area and to aid future research, we review the literature with bibliometric analysis.Design/methodology/approachOur study has used bibliographic data of 1,252 scientific documents indexed in the Scopus database from 1995 to 2020 (June 05). We have used the “bibliometrix” package in R language to analyze the data and illustrate the findings.FindingsWe find that there has been an increasing trend in publications, especially from 2006 onwards. Various bibliometric indicators allow us to follow the progression of knowledge along with identifying the most contributing and impactful authors, publication sources, institutions and countries. We illustrate the major research themes and identify that “poverty alleviations”, “group lending” and “credit scoring” are the major emerging and specialized themes besides the basic research evolved around “microfinance” or “microcredit”. Our further analysis of thematic evolution over different time frames reveals that “financial performance” aspect is getting more attention in recent times in evaluating the performance of MFIs.Originality/valueThe insights of knowledge accumulated from our bibliometric review and thematic analysis provide researchers with an efficient comprehension of the advancement of the research on microfinance performance and offer avenues for future scientific endeavors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (31) ◽  
pp. 10653-10661
Author(s):  
Paul N. Black

The National Science Foundation estimates that 80% of the jobs available during the next decade will require math and science skills, dictating that programs in biochemistry and molecular biology must be transformative and use new pedagogical approaches and experiential learning for careers in industry, research, education, engineering, health-care professions, and other interdisciplinary fields. These efforts require an environment that values the individual student and integrates recent advances from the primary literature in the discipline, experimentally directed research, data collection and analysis, and scientific writing. Current trends shaping these efforts must include critical thinking, experimental testing, computational modeling, and inferential logic. In essence, modern biochemistry and molecular biology education must be informed by, and integrated with, cutting-edge research. This environment relies on sustained research support, commitment to providing the requisite mentoring, access to instrumentation, and state-of-the-art facilities. The academic environment must establish a culture of excellence and faculty engagement, leading to innovation in the classroom and laboratory. These efforts must not lose sight of the importance of multidimensional programs that enrich science literacy in all facets of the population, students and teachers in K-12 schools, nonbiochemistry and molecular biology students, and other stakeholders. As biochemistry and molecular biology educators, we have an obligation to provide students with the skills that allow them to be innovative and self-reliant. The next generation of biochemistry and molecular biology students must be taught proficiencies in scientific and technological literacy, the importance of the scientific discourse, and skills required for problem solvers of the 21st century.


1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Kirchhoff

Male infertility is a frequent cause of childlessness, and, indeed, a comparison of the contributions to conception failure made by male and female factors shows them to be equally frequent. In practice, male infertility appears to be resistant to most treatments. However, the major reason for this may be that often attempts are carried out without knowing the cause of the problem. Unlike in women, obstructions and hormonal disorders are rare in male infertility. Rather, it would appear that sperm disorders are the most common cause, reflecting a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms. Defects in sperm morphology, defective sperm movement, deficient development or functional failure of the acrosome, and the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species are changes that are often seen in infertile semen, but little is known about their aetiology. In 5–10% of men being treated for infertilty, an autoimmune reaction against spermatozoa is observed. Although the correlation between the presence of systemic antisperm antibodies and fertility potential is poor, the appearance of sperm-bound antibodies of immunoglobulin class IgA in semen seems to be closely associated with infertility. Studies in laboratory animals and humans have shown that complementary adhesion molecules are located on the surface of oocytes and spermatozoa. These molecules interact and lead to gamete fusion. Abnormalities in these molecules on the sperm surface might be expected to contribute to male infertility. However, their clinical significance has not yet been documented, and the molecular basis of human gamete interaction is far from being understood. Therefore, the key to understanding male infertility may lie in basic research which directly targets the fundamental cellular and molecular biology of the human spermatozoon.


2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Treacy ◽  
Saumya M. Sankaran ◽  
Susannah Gordon-Messer ◽  
Danielle Saly ◽  
Rebecca Miller ◽  
...  

In introductory laboratory courses, many universities are turning from traditional laboratories with predictable outcomes to inquiry-inspired, project-based laboratory curricula. In these labs, students are allowed to design at least some portion of their own experiment and interpret new, undiscovered data. We have redesigned the introductory biology laboratory course at Brandeis University into a semester-long project-based laboratory that emphasizes concepts and contains an element of scientific inquiry. In this laboratory, students perform a site-directed mutagenesis experiment on the gene encoding human γD crystallin, a human eye lens protein implicated in cataracts, and assess the stability of their newly created protein with respect to wild-type crystallin. This laboratory utilizes basic techniques in molecular biology to emphasize the importance of connections between DNA and protein. This project lab has helped engage students in their own learning, has improved students’ skills in critical thinking and analysis, and has promoted interest in basic research in biology.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Maussion ◽  
Rhalena A. Thomas ◽  
Iveta Demirova ◽  
Gracia Gu ◽  
Eddie Cai ◽  
...  

AbstractQuantifying changes in DNA and RNA levels is an essential component of any molecular biology toolkit. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) techniques, in both clinical and basic research labs, have evolved to become both routine and standardized. However, the analysis of qPCR data includes many steps that are time consuming and cumbersome, which can lead to mistakes and misinterpretation of data. To address this bottleneck, we have developed an open source software, written in Python, to automate the processing of csv output files from any qPCR machine, using standard calculations that are usually performed manually. Auto-qPCR is a tool that saves time when computing this type of data, helping to ensure standardization of qPCR experiment analyses. Unlike other software packages that process qPCR data, our web-based app (http://auto-q-pcr.com/) is easy to use and does not require programming knowledge or software installation. Additionally, we provide examples of four different data processing modes within one program: (1) cDNA quantification to identify genomic deletion or duplication events, (2) assessment of gene expression levels using an absolute model, (3) relative quantification, and (4) relative quantification with a reference sample. Auto-qPCR also includes options for statistical analysis of the data. Using this software, we performed analysis of differential gene expression following an initial data processing and provide graphs of the findings prepared through the Auto-qPCR program. Thus, our open access Auto-qPCR software saves the time of manual data analysis and provides a more systematic workflow, minimizing the risk of errors when done manually. Our program constitutes a new tool that can be incorporated into bioinformatic and molecular biology pipelines in clinical and research labs.


Author(s):  
Anna Estany

RESUMENLa importancia de la biología aplicada tiene que ver con una serie de fenómenos en torno al papel de la ciencia y la tecnología en nuestra sociedad. Entre dichos fenómenos podemos señalar la imbricación que en la actualidad existe entre la investigación básica, la utilización de ésta por las ciencias de diseño y la construcción tecnología para cambiar la realidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel de la biología molecular en la investigación del cáncer, a partir del marco teórico de las ciencias de diseño de H. Simon (1969), la reflexión filosófica de I. Niiniluoto (1993), y la praxiología como ciencia de la acción eficiente de T. Kotarbinski (1965).PALABRAS CLAVECIENCIA APLICADA, INVESTIGACIÓN BÁSICA, CIENCIAS DE DISEÑO, INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE EL CÁNCERABSTRACTThe importance of applied biology has to do with a series of events around the role of science and technology in our society. The relevant point is the relationship that exists between basic research, the use of this design in science and construction technology to change the reality. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of molecular biology in cancer research, from the theoretical framework of design science H. Simon (1969), philosophical reflection of I. Niiniluoto (1993), and Praxeology as a science of efficient action of T. Kotarbinski (1965).KEYWORDSAPPLIED SCIENCE, BASIC RESEARCH, DESIGN SCIENCE, CANCER RESEARCH


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