Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians Among Heterosexual Male and Female Student-Athletes

Sex Roles ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Roper ◽  
Erin Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Heterosexual Male

Sex-Related Differences in the Incidence, Severity, and Recovery of Concussion in Adolescent Student-Athletes Between 2009 and 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110085
Author(s):  
Theodore C. Hannah ◽  
Adam Y. Li ◽  
Zachary Spiera ◽  
Lindsey Kuohn ◽  
Jennifer Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Young Student ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Male And Female

Background: The sex of an athlete is thought to modulate concussion incidence; however, the effects of sex on concussion severity and recovery are less clear. Purpose: To evaluate sex differences in concussion severity and recovery using a large, heterogeneous sample of young student-athletes with the goal of understanding how sex affects concussion outcomes in young athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing results of 11,563 baseline and 5216 postinjury tests were used to calculate the incidence of concussion of adolescent male and female student-athletes ages 12 to 22 years (median, 15 years). The postinjury tests of 3465 male and 1751 female student-athletes evaluated for concussion or head trauma were used to assess differences in the Severity Index (SI) and recovery. Chi-square tests and t tests were used to compare differences in demographic characteristics, incidence, and SI between the 2 cohorts. Multivariable linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to control for differences between cohorts in analyses of incidence, SI, and recovery. Results: When we controlled for demographic differences, female participants had higher odds of concussion (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.40-1.86; P < .0001) and higher SI after concussion (β = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.02-1.32; P = .04). This discrepancy in SI was a result of differences in Symptom (2.40 vs 2.94; P < .0001) and Processing Speed (0.91 vs 1.06; P = .01) composite scores between male and female participants, respectively. We found no effect of sex on time to recovery when controlling for initial concussion SI (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78-1.12; P = .48). Conclusion: Using large, multisport cohorts, this study provides evidence that female athletes are at higher risk for more concussions and these concussions are more severe, but male and female athletes have similar recovery times when the analysis controls for initial concussion SI.

Representation, Image, and Identity

2014 ◽  
pp. 98-122
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Heterosexual Male ◽  
Gaming Culture ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Secondary Characters

Throughout this book, the authors have disproved the dominant White, heterosexual, teen gamer image through highlighting current gamer facts and figures, as well as the research and literature in the area. However, despite these facts, figures, and previous research findings, it is apparent that the industry designs games for a White, heterosexual, male audience. Females tend to be underrepresented in games. This chapter looks at how female characters are often missing from games, especially as main characters, and when females are represented in games, they are often secondary characters and stereotypically represented most often in a hyper-sexualised way. This chapter identifies how computer games are designed for a male audience leaving female gamers as “other” within computer games and the wider gaming culture. It Discusses how females are underrepresented in games and the wider gaming culture reinforcing the “otherness” of the female gamer. It Reviews how the industry sexualises and eroticises women, and it considers how this might impact both male and female gamers as well as perpetuate the image that computer games are for boys.

Spanish female student-athletes’ perception of key competencies for successful dual career adjustment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Perez-Rivases ◽  
Juan Pons ◽  
Susana Regüela ◽  
Carme Viladrich ◽  
Susana Pallarès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Career Adjustment

An Examination of Dating Violence Among College Student-Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052090554
Author(s):  
Nicole Cantor ◽  
Meredith Joppa ◽  
D. J. Angelone
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
College Student ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
College Student Athletes

College students are at increased risk for dating violence (DV) perpetration and victimization. One group of college students who may be at elevated risk is college student-athletes. While levels of athletic involvement range from National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I to Division III, there is currently a lack of information about the dating and relationship behaviors of male and female Division III student-athletes. This study identified the frequency of both minor and severe physical, psychological, and sexual DV perpetration and victimization in a sample of NCAA Division III college student-athletes. We also examined hazardous drinking and hostile sexism as risk factors for DV perpetration and victimization among male and female student-athletes. A total of 350 student-athletes from a Division III university participated in this study. In total, 57% of student-athletes reported perpetrating some form of DV in the past year, while 56% reported experiencing some form of DV victimization in the past year. Two negative binomial generalized linear models assessed if hazardous drinking and hostile sexism were associated with sexual assault perpetration and victimization among men and women. Both hostile sexism and hazardous drinking were predictive of DV perpetration and victimization. These findings serve as an important first step in identifying behaviors that contribute to DV among Division III student-athletes and can be used to inform future prevention interventions aimed at decreasing DV among student-athletes.

Deficiency of erythrocyte C3b receptor (CR1) in AIDS and AIDS-related syndromes

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Tausk ◽  
J. Allen McCutchan ◽  
Robert D. Schreiber ◽  
Phyllis Spechko ◽  
Irma Gigli
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Heterosexual Male ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
C3b Receptor ◽  
X 173 ◽  
Related Complex

The expression of C3b receptors (CR1) on erythrocytes of gay men at various levels of risk for AIDS was studied. Fourty-nine heterosexual male controls had a mean (X) ± standard deviation of 516 ± 136 CR1 per erythrocyte (CR1-3); 17 asymptomatic gay men had X = 423 ± 156, 16 gay men with one AIDS-related complex (ARC) symptom or sign had X = 342 ± 154, 9 patients with ARC had X = 252 ± 76, and 14 gay men with AIDS had X = 173 ± 76 CR1-E. The patients with ARC and AIDS had a highly significant decrease in CR1-E when compared with normal individuals (p = <0.001) and studies of families of 4 AIDS patients suggest that this defect is acquired.

Counseling Injured Female Student-Athletes: A Discussion of Clinical Interventions

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Mary Witt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Cognitive Processing Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Consultation ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Mindfulness Skills

Sustaining an injury can be traumatic for a collegiate student-athlete. Serious injuries are often accompanied by complex emotional and psychological responses that warrant a mental health consultation and clinical intervention. Anxiety and stress-related concerns are increasingly prevalent in the student-athlete population, particularly among female student-athletes. This paper reviews the relevant injury, sports psychology, and counseling literature pertaining to student-athletes, with a focus on female collegiate athletes. Utilizing a hypothetical case illustration, the counseling needs of the injured female student-athlete are discussed. Three therapeutic interventions: expressive writing, cognitive processing therapy, and Koru Meditation, an evidencedbased curriculum for teaching mindfulness skills, are proposed to reduce anxiety, injury-related stress, and other mental health concerns in this population.

Effect of Subjects' Sex, Experience, and Training on Their Red Wine Color-Preference Patterns

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Ough ◽  
M. A. Amerine
Keyword(s):  
Female Student ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Trained Panel ◽  
Preference Patterns ◽  
And Training ◽  
Experienced Adult ◽  
Wine Color

11 experienced adult Ss and 98 inexperienced student Ss have essentially the same preference patterns for red table wine color, showing a tendency to prefer the middle brightness and the red hue (compared to orange or purple). Male and female student Ss have very similar preference patterns. There is a slight tendency for the male Ss to prefer the wines with lower brightness. The 9 highly trained Ss tended to prefer the wine colors with decreasing brightness. The over-dark, purple wine was distinctly disliked by the adult and student Ss and the preference was split for the experts. The danger of using a highly trained panel to predict preference of an inexperienced group is evident.

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