Assessment of flat foot using plantar arch index in young adults

Introduction and Aim: Flat foot or pes planus results from collapse of the arches of the foot. Etiology, however varies in different age groups. As anthropometric measurements are age dependent, their correlation with different foot postures should be age specific. Our study aimed at using Plantar arch Index (PAI) to identify prevalence of flat foot in a young student population and find any association of obesity with flat foot. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 150 medical students of a medical college. Staheli’s method was used to calculate PAI after collecting the footprints of students by ink method. Results: Prevalence of type III flat foot deformity was 6%, with a male preponderance. The PAI values ranged from 0 to 1.818. No association was found between obesity and PAI. Conclusion: Obesity was not associated with flat foot in the age group 18-25 years probably indicating different etiology for acquired flat foot in this age group. Our study also suggests that simple ink print method is a simpler method to diagnose flat feet deformity clinically using PAI.

Idazteko zailtasunak detektatzeko eta esku hartzeko proposamena Lehen Hezkuntzan

Detecting and resolving writing difficulties is of the utmost importance for student success, mostly because school assessment systems are based on written production tasks. Students writing difficulties come from a variety of sources: neurodevelopmental and language source, among others. The aim of this article is to propose a checklist to identify writing difficulties in young students learning to write. Examples and young student productions of writing difficulties are shown. The examples were obtained in a school training session.

Eldercare helpline: connecting with older people to mitigate the effects of the Covid-19 crisis in Jaipur, India

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the needs and concerns of older people in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India during the lockdown phase of the Covid-19 crisis. The study also aims to present a viable model for extending needed support through a telephone helpline run by a team of young student volunteers. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a thematic analysis of the interaction between callers (service users) and volunteers. Findings The study shows that the main reasons that motivate the use of the helpline are to seek medical advice and to request medical services and medical supplies free of charge. However, the study also shows that other reasons for calling the helpline are feelings of loneliness and the need for psychological support, especially due to insufficient assistance from families. Practical implications The study shows the benefits of providing this type of service for older people during a time of national health crisis. The service is cost-effective and offers a one-stop assistance point. Social implications The service also constitutes an avenue for building intergenerational solidarity and empathy between younger and older people. This is especially important for citizens who feel socially isolated and disconnected from the rest of society. Originality/value The study offers a model for an easily created resource that could usefully be exported to other geographic settings.

Effect of Combined Neural Mobilization and Intermittent Traction in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy

Purpose: Cervical radiculopathy is one of the common musculoskeletal condition affecting a wide range of population from people involves in desk job to small scale jobs, from a young student to old age population. So it has been of great importance to find out evidence based effective treatment of cervical radiculopathy along with conventional treatment. This study is designed to find out the combined effect of neural mobilization and intermittent traction on cervical radiculopathy Materials and methods: 30 patients were included in the study and randomly divided into two equal groups. In group A conventional physiotherapy treatment was given along with neural mobilization and in group B only conventional physiotherapy which include intermittent traction and isometric neck exercises treatment was given.NDI (Neck disability index) and VAS (Visual analogue scale) assessment was done on 2nd, 14th and 28th day of treatment. Results: There was improvement in symptoms in both the group but was more in group A. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that patients experiencing cervical radiculopathy can improve much earlier and more effectively after neural mobilization technique and therefore provides support to include this technique in conservative management methods of treating patients with cervical radiculopathy for better results.

Culturalizare în uniformă. Articole și documente privind Legea Serviciului Social 1938-1939. Antologie de Zoltán Rostás și Dragoș Sdrobiș. Prefață de Zoltán Rostás, postfață de Dragoș Sdrobiș. Editura Paideia, București, 2017

The volume includes an anthology of studies, laws, documents, investigations, and discourses concerning “social engineering” and the young student population, aiming to clarify multiple misunderstandings and myths concerning the Social Service Law, 1938, both from the respective historical period and from recent debates. To this purpose, authors employ a triple strategy of clarifying this piece of legislation: 1) an analysis of the Euro-Atlantic and national contexts of the interbellum period that frames the social service initiatives; 2) connecting the Law to the great public debates of the XIXth century, concerning the life of peasants in the context of village modernization; 3) integrating the experiences of cultural work in villages in the broader, comprehensive vision of the Sociological School of Bucharest, specifying them as a deepening of village modernization on four dimensions: culture of work, of health, of mind and of soul.

German children’s art during World War I

My article considers German wartime propaganda and pedagogy from 1914 to 1916, which influenced young schoolchildren (aged 5–14) to create drawings and paintings of Germany’s military in World War I. In this art, the children drew bodies of German soldiers as tough, heroic, on the move, armed with powerful weapons, and part of a superior military movement; their enemies (French, Russian, British soldiers) embodied disorder, backwardness, ineptitude, and deadly weakness. The artwork by these schoolchildren thus reveals the intense propaganda of the war years, and the children’s tendency to see the German military as the most accomplished combatant in the war. During the first two years of the war, in the primary schools of the nation, many children did such art under the supervision of teachers who passionately embraced the nation and the war cause. Within the classroom, teachers directed students to imagine the war by drawing scenes of battles, including the sinking of the Lusitania. Some of these teachers had been influenced by the Kunsterziehungsbewegung (the arts’ education movement) and thus encouraged children’s creativity in art of the war years. In this pedagogical wartime environment the young student became actively engaged in creative learning and study about the war, expressing romantic ideas of the indomitable German soldier and sailor. My research has involved analysis of over 250 school drawings done by children aged 10–14 in a school in Wilhelmsburg, near Hamburg, in 1915. I analyze the depiction of the German forces in six of these sources and also consider the history of art instruction in German schools. Furthermore, I address the ways in which historians can analyze children’s art as a historical document for understanding the child’s experience.

Sex-Related Differences in the Incidence, Severity, and Recovery of Concussion in Adolescent Student-Athletes Between 2009 and 2019

Background: The sex of an athlete is thought to modulate concussion incidence; however, the effects of sex on concussion severity and recovery are less clear. Purpose: To evaluate sex differences in concussion severity and recovery using a large, heterogeneous sample of young student-athletes with the goal of understanding how sex affects concussion outcomes in young athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing results of 11,563 baseline and 5216 postinjury tests were used to calculate the incidence of concussion of adolescent male and female student-athletes ages 12 to 22 years (median, 15 years). The postinjury tests of 3465 male and 1751 female student-athletes evaluated for concussion or head trauma were used to assess differences in the Severity Index (SI) and recovery. Chi-square tests and t tests were used to compare differences in demographic characteristics, incidence, and SI between the 2 cohorts. Multivariable linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to control for differences between cohorts in analyses of incidence, SI, and recovery. Results: When we controlled for demographic differences, female participants had higher odds of concussion (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.40-1.86; P < .0001) and higher SI after concussion (β = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.02-1.32; P = .04). This discrepancy in SI was a result of differences in Symptom (2.40 vs 2.94; P < .0001) and Processing Speed (0.91 vs 1.06; P = .01) composite scores between male and female participants, respectively. We found no effect of sex on time to recovery when controlling for initial concussion SI (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78-1.12; P = .48). Conclusion: Using large, multisport cohorts, this study provides evidence that female athletes are at higher risk for more concussions and these concussions are more severe, but male and female athletes have similar recovery times when the analysis controls for initial concussion SI.

Mère – Fils : reflets psychanalytiques dans la pièce de Joël Pommerat Cet Enfant

"Mother – Son: Psychoanalytic Reflections in Joël Pommerat’s Play, This Child. This article proposes an analysis of the sixth scene of Joël Pommerat’s work, This Child, from the perspective of some theorems of psychoanalysis. The French writer introduces the reader/ viewer/ listener to a world of fast-paced plot with the help of autonomous characteristic snapshots that make up his works. In the sixth scene, Pommerat negotiates the unhealthy relationship between a young mother and her underage son where compulsion, possessiveness and latent Oedipal references reign supreme. On the verge of a creeping threat, the mother exerts psychological violence on the young student whom she prevents from leaving for school and pressures her to keep close to home creating a suffocating circle, a space-time that tends to assimilate people and things. Silence is inevitable… Keywords: Pommerat, Oedipus complex, mother-son relationship, possessiveness, obsession, denial, homeopathy. "